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Abstract
[GROWTH ADAPTATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF 20 CAYENNE PEPPERS (Capsicum annuum L.) GENOTYPES IN LOWLANDS AREA]. The cultivation of chili peppers in lowland areas of Indonesia faces several environmental challenges. Efforts to increase red chili production in lowland regions include planting genotypes that are adaptive to local environmental conditions. This study aims to obtain information on the best red chili genotypes that can adapt and produce well in lowland areas. The research was conducted from May 2024 to September 2024 using the Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) method with a single-factor treatment, consisting of 20 genotypes red chili with three replications. The data collected included growth variables (plant height, first dichotomous height, leaf area, number of dichotomous points, stem diameter, and plant dry biomass) and yield variables (first harvest age, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight per plant, and percentage of marketable fruit). The results showed that the ‘Lotanbar’ genotype exhibited the best performance during the vegetative phase, as indicated by the largest total leaf area, the highest number of dichotomous points, the largest stem diameter, and the highest plant dry weight compared to other genotypes. Meanwhile, the ‘Baja F1’ genotype demonstrated superior performance during the generative phase, producing the largest fruit diameter and the highest fruit weight per plant, reaching up to 200% higher than the genotype with the lowest yield. Thus, the ‘Lotanbar’ genotype is recommended for optimization during the vegetative growth phase, while ‘Baja F1’ is more ideal for increasing yield during the generative phase in red chili cultivation in lowland areas.
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References
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References
Amalia, D. R. & Ziaulhaq, W. (2022). Pelaksanaan budidaya cabai rawit sebagai kebutuhan pangan masyarakat. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Analytics, 1(1), 27–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55927/ijaea.v1i1.812.
Aryani, R. D., Basuki, I. F., Budisantoso, I. & Widyastuti, A. (2022). pengaruh ketinggian tempat terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanam cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.). Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 6(2), 202–211. DOI; https://doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v6i2.485.
Astutik, W., Rahmawati, D. & Sjamsijah, N. (2017). uji daya hasil galur MG1012 dengan tiga varietas pembanding tanaman cabai keriting (Capsicum annum L.). Agriprima : Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 1(2), 163–173. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25047/agriprima.v1i2.30 .
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2023). Statistik Hortikultura 2022. BPS RI/ BPS-Statistics Indonesia.
Hamdayanty & Hardina, N. (2023). Identifikasi virus penyebab penyakit kuning keriting pada cabai di Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Agrikultura, 34(3), 427–434.
Hidayat, M., Hadid, A. & Bahruddin. (2023). Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum L.) pada berbagai tingkat pemangkasan tanaman kakao. J. Agrotekbis, 11(4), 886–894.
Mareza, E., Agustina, K. & Syukur, M. (2021). Keragaan agronomi cabai eriting (Capsicum annuum L .) IPB di lahan pasang surut Sumatera Selatan. J. Agron, 49(2), 169–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24831/jai.v49i2.36005.
Moekasan, T. K., Prabaningrum, L., Adiyoga, W., & Putter, H. De. (2015). Modul Pelatihan Budidaya Cabai Merah, Tomat, dan Mentimun Berdasarkan Konsepsi Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (N. Gunadi & A. K. Karjadi (eds.); Issue April). Wageningen UR, Netherland: vegIMPACT.
Murniati, N. S., Setyono & Sjarif, A. A. (2013).Analisis korelasi dan sidik lintas peubah pertumbuhan terhadap produksi cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.). Jurnal Pertanian,3(2), 111–121.
Nurfalach, D. R. (2010). Budidaya Tanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum annum L.) di UPTD Perbibitan Tanaman Hortikultura Desa Pakopen Kecamatan Bandungan Kabupaten Semarang. Tugas Akhir, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta.
Puspitasari, Y. D., Aini, N. & Koesriharti. (2014). Respon dua varietas tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) terhadap aplikasi zat pengatur tumbuh Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA). Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 2(7), 566–575.
Ramlan, M., & Yufniati, Z. (2011). Budidaya Cabai Merah. Kementrian Pertanian Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Balai Pengajian Teknologi Provinsi Aceh, Aceh.
Sianturi, C. Y., Syafi’i, M. & Syukur, M. (2023). Keragaan karakter kuantitatif cabai hibrida IPB di dataran rendah Karawang. Jurnal Agroplasma, 10(1), 46–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36987/agroplasma.v10i1.3674.
Sulandari, S. (2006). Penyakit daun keriting kuning cabai di Indonesia. Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, 12(1), 1–12.
Swastika, S., Pratama, D., Hidayat, T. & Andri, K. B. (2017). Teknologi Budidaya Cabai Merah. Badan Penerbit Universitas Riau UR PRESS.
Weihan, R. A., Maulidia, V., Sari, P. M., Jalil, M. & Putra, I. (2024). Diferensiasi pertumbuhan vegetatif dari dua varietas bibit tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum L.) di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Agrium, 27(2), 143–153.