Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

PENAMPILAN HASIL DAN MUTU HASIL 12 GENOTIPE PADI RAWA PADA SAWAH LEBAK DAN SAWAH IRIGASI

2024-07-11T09:30:52+00:00

[YIELD AND YIELD QUALITY PERFORMANCES OF 12 SWAMP RICE GENOTYPES ON LOWLAND
SWAMPLAND AND IRRIGATED RICE FIELDS]. Development of rice varieties better adapted on swampland ecosystems is motivated by the increasing demand for staple food which has so far relied on irrigated paddy fields that are gradually decreased due to land conversion, while a vast available swampland has not been utilized optimally. The present study was conducted to compare the grain yield and milled grain qualities of twelve rice genotypes as grown on shallow lowland swampland and irrigated rice fields. A randomize complete block design with three replications was used in each agroecosystem to allocate ten rice elite lines (UBPR 1, UBPR 2, UBPR 3, UBPR 4, UBPR 6, UBPR 7, UBPR 8, UBPR 9, UBPR 10, UBPR 11) and two check swamp rice varieties (Inpara 4 and Inpara 6) on the experimental plots. The results showed that the grain yield and its contributing traits of the evaluated genotypes were generally lower when grown on lowland swampland rice field than those on irrigated rice field. Among the elite lines, UBPR 1, UBPR 2, UBPR 3, UBPR 4, UBPR 8, and UBPR 10 could serve as the alternative for the check varieties for lowland swampland production by having comparable performance in grain yield and its contributing traits, as well as the physical and chemical quality of the milled grains.

PENGARUH JENIS DAN DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sinensis L.)

2024-06-09T17:13:53+00:00

THE EFFECT OF TYPE AND DOSAGE OF MANURE ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF YARDLONG
BEAN PLANTS (Vigna sinensis L.)]. The growth and yield of yardlong bean plants are significantly influenced by the type and dosage of fertilizer applied. Manure is one of the organic fertilizer options that can enhance soil fertility and plant productivity. This study aims to determine the optimal type and dosage of manure for the growth and yield of yardlong bean plants. The research was conducted from May to July 2023 on dry land in Tulungrejo Village, Karangrejo District, Tulungagung Regency, East Java Province, located between 7° 51' to 8° 81' S and 111° 43' to 112° 07' E, with air temperatures ranging from 24 °C to 30 °C. The research method used was a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of two factors: type of manure (cow, goat, and chicken) and dosage of manure (10, 20, 30, and 40 tons per hectare). The results showed that the combination of type and dosage of manure had a significant effect on the average pod length, total pod weight per plant, and plant height at 29 and 36 days after planting (DAP). Cow manure at a dosage of 20 tons/ha resulted in the best growth and yield of yardlong bean plants compared to other treatment combinations. The implications of this research indicate that the use of cow manure at the appropriate dosage can enhance the efficiency of growth and yield in yardlong bean plants. This provides guidance for the community in selecting the optimal type and dosage of manure to achieve maximum productivity.

PERBANDINGAN KADAR TOTAL KARBON DAN NITROGEN PADA KOMPOS DARI BERBAGAI MACAM JENIS GULMA

2024-08-05T05:07:48+00:00

[COMPARISON OF NUTRIENT CONTENT IN COMPOST DERIVED FROM VARIOUS TYPES OF WEEDS]. Weeds can reduce crop productivity and cause environmental problems. However, thiese plants are potential as sources of compost. This study aimed to compare carbon and nitrogen content of compost prepared from various types of weeds. The research was conducted from February to March 2024 at the Composting House of Bengkulu University in Muara Bangkahulu District, Bengkulu Province. The experiment used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 types of weeds, namely, Imperata cylindrica, Eichhornia crassipes, Widelia trilobata, Ageratum conyzoides, Tithonia diversifolia, and Melastoma malabathricum. The experiment was repeated 3 times, so that the total number of experimental units in this study was 18 experimental units. Three kg of compost source was mixed with 100 mL EM4, 200 g of sugar, and 100 mL of water. The mixture was poured into the plastic bowl and incubated for 45 days. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance at a level of 5%, and treatment means were separated using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The study found that compost from all types of weeds had a C/N ratio that met the quality standards for organic fertilizers, ranging from 7.52 to 24.54. Compost made from Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) had the highest total nitrogen content (2.58%) and the lowest organic carbon content (19.32%). These findings are significant for the development of sustainable agriculture, mainly the use of weed compost as source of N for plant growth.

PERBAIKAN BEBERAPA SIFAT FISIK TANAH DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG DENGAN PEMBERIAN VERMIKOMPOS DAN KOMPOS LIMBAH JAGUNG PADA ENTISOLS PESISIR

2024-08-03T00:03:36+00:00

[IMPROVEMENT OF SELECTED SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CORN YIELD THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF VERMICOMPOST AND CORN WASTE COMPOST ON COASTAL ENTISOLS]. The growth and productivity of corn are less than optimal on marginal soils such as Entisols. To improve these outcomes, soil physical properties can be enhanced by adding organic matter. This study aims to determine the best dosage of vermicompost and corn waste compost to improve several physical soil properties and corn yields in coastal Entisols. The research method used was a randomized block design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was the dosage of organic fertilizer at five levels: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons/ha. The second factor was the type of organic fertilizer, vermicompost and corn waste compost. Each treatment was repeated three times, resulting in 30 experimental units. The research variables included soil moisture content, bulk density, soil porosity, dry biomass weight, dry shelled corn weight, ear weight with husk, and ear weight without husk. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level. If significant differences were found, further testing was carried out using the DMRT test. The results showed that the most optimal dosage of organic fertilizer for improving soil physical properties and increasing corn yields was 15-20 tons/ha. At this dosage, there was a significant improvement in several soil physical properties and corn yield parameters, including dry biomass weight, ear weight with husk, ear weight without husk, and dry shelled corn weight. The 15-20 tons/ha dosage not only improved soil moisture content, bulk density, and soil porosity but also substantially increased corn productivity. The use of vermicompost and corn waste compost proved effective in enhancing soil fertility and crop yields, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative for agriculture in coastal areas.

THE GROWTH OF SORGHUM TYPES (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) TREATED ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN DRYLAND

2024-10-06T13:37:46+00:00

Sumbawa Regency exhibits relatively dry soil characteristics due to limited water availability resulting from low rainfall levels. One of the plants suitable for cultivation in this area is sorghum. Sorghum is a viable alternative to rice and corn, as its seed market price is comparatively high. In addition to the limited rainfall in this region, farmers have faced challenges in optimizing crop yields to meet the nutritional needs of their plants. One approach is to optimize the utilization of inorganic and organic fertilizers as supplementary complex plant nutrients. The proposed approach involves using appropriately dosed organic fertilizers, which is anticipated to diminish reliance on excessive inorganic fertilizers. This study aimed to determine the effect of different doses of organic fertilizers on various varieties of sorghum in dryland plantations located in Sumbawa Regency. The experimental design used was Split Plot Design, with sorghum varieties (Bioguma, GBE Methane, and Sweetbetty) as the main-plot and organic fertilizer doses (0, 50, 100, and 200 g/plant) as sub-plots. The results of this study indicated that the interaction between varieties and organic fertilizers on plant growth promotes an increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf length. At the end of the plant height observation (42–49 days after sowing), the combination of treatments resulted in an increase in plant height. During the initial growth phases, certain variables showed responses in terms of leaf quantity (7 and 28 days after sowing) and leaf length (14–28 days after sowing). Sweetbetty and GBE Methane show enhanced plant growth; Sweetbetty shows higher plant height and leaf quantity, whereas GBE Methane demonstrates optimal stem diameter and leaf length, compared to Bioguma (a variety from Indonesia

IDENTIFIKASI VARIASI BIOAKTIVATOR MIKRO ORGANIME LOKAL (MOL) SEBAGAI BAHAN BOKASI

2024-11-04T12:12:43+00:00

[IDENTIFICATION OF LOCAL MICROORGANISM (MOL) BIOACIVATOR VARIATIONS AS BOKASHI MATERIAL]. Waste management is a significant problem today, particularly concerning waste generated from the processing of various products or foods. Utilizing waste serves as an essential solution to create a better and greener environment, thus providing an important breakthrough for communities and their surroundings. One of the processes for producing bokashi from food waste requires microorganisms to accelerate the waste transformation into bokashi. One such material for this process is the local microorganism (MOL) bioactivator, though MOL usage can be modified with additives like sugar to enhance the bioactivator’s effectiveness beyond that of standard MOL found in the community. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MOL and EM-4 in bokashi production and their impact on soil fertility and plant productivity by identifying the population of local microorganisms with additional waste materials to improve the bioactivator’s efficiency in the bokashi production process. The study investigates bioactivator preparation, divided into four treatment groups: (M₁) MOL (papaya and banana), (M₂) enriched MOL (papaya, banana, and rice), (M₃) a commercial bioactivator (EM-4), and (M₄) a commercial bioactivator with added sugar (activated EM-4). Results after a 7-day fermentation period indicate Total Plate Count (TPC) values of M₁ = 13.09 Log CFU/mL, M₂ = 10.45 Log CFU/mL, M₃ = 9.24 Log CFU/mL, and M₄ = 10.69 Log CFU/mL. The pH values were similar across treatments and did not vary significantly (M₁ = 4.09; M₂ = 4.10; M₃ = 3.95; and M₄ = 3.91).

THE ANTAGONISM MECHANISM OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI FROM MUNG BEAN TO Cercospora canescens

2024-10-06T13:41:53+00:00

Cercospora leaf spot disease is severely damaging to mung bean plants and causes yield loss of 60% more. Pathogenic infections can give rise to leaf spots, widen rapidly, and cause premature defoliation of the leaves so they are often considered a sign of harvest. Biological control using endophytic fungi derived from mung bean plants themselves is very necessary. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antagonism mechanism of endophytic fungi to Cercospora canescens. The endophytic fungus was isolated from the mung bean plant tissue and double-cultured with C. canescens. The percentage of inhibition and the mechanism of antagonism of each endophytic fungus was observed. From the results of the study, 15 species of fungi were obtained, namely Aspergillus flavus 1, Fusarium sp. 1, CE5, CE10, Rhizoctonia sp., Aspergillus sp.1, Fusarium sp. 2, Cladophialophora sp., CE6, Aspergillus sp. 2, Phytium sp., CE4, CE13, Aspergillus flavus 2, and Aspergillus sp. 3.The percentage of inhibition of 15 species of endophytic fungi against C. canescens ranged from 5.13 to 50.0% with antagonistic mechanisms in the form of competition for space, nutrients, and oxygen; some species of endophytic fungi have antibiotics and lysis-parasitism. Endophytic fungi are able to compete in the absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, essential amino acids, minerals, and microelements such as phosphates, magnesium, potassium, C vitamins, and B vitamins. Antibiotics through the production of antimicrobial compounds in the form of enzymes, toxins, or antibiotics are produced by endophytic fungi. The coil around of pathogenic hyphae until pathogenic hyphae lysis and die is the last mechanism carried out by endophytic fungi. The role of endophytic fungi as an inducer of plant resistance to pathogens in the field needs to be evaluated.

APLIKASI DOSIS KOMPOS TITHONIA DAN KONSENTRASI PGPR FLORAONE® TERHADAP PERFORMA PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TERUNG

2024-10-27T14:30:28+00:00

[APPLICATION OF TITHONIA COMPOST DOSAGE AND PGPR FLORAONE® CONCENTRATION ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF EGGPLANT]. Eggplant is an important horticultural crop with high nutritional value, essential for maintaining health. Increasing eggplant production can be achieved through the use of superior varieties and optimized cultivation techniques. However, much of Indonesia's agricultural land consists of marginal soils, such as Ultisol, which pose challenges to cultivation. These challenges can be mitigated by incorporating organic materials, such as Tithonia compost, and utilizing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR).This study aimed to evaluate the interaction effects of different doses of Tithonia compost and concentrations of PGPR FloraOne® on the growth and yield of eggplant. The experiment was conducted from February to May 2023, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors and three replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with an F-test at a 5% significance level, followed by HSD for mean separation. The results indicated that the combination of Tithonia compost at a dose of 15 tons/ha and PGPR concentration of 45 mL/L yielded the earliest flowering time. Tithonia compost significantly influenced plant height, leaf number, flowering time, number of flowers, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit number, and fruit weight per plant. Meanwhile, PGPR application significantly affected leaf number, flowering time, and fruit length. These findings highlight the potential of integrating Tithonia compost and PGPR to enhance eggplant growth and productivity, particularly on marginal soils.

PENGARUH METODE PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP MUTU BENIH KACANG BAMBARA (Vigna subterranea L.)

2024-11-07T13:22:49+00:00

[EFFECT OF STORAGE METHOD ON QUALITY OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranean L.) SEEDS]. Bambara groundnut is a legume that has potential as a food crop. Bambara groundnut seeds are usually stored in their pods. The used of pod storage can reduce storage capacity and increase seed weight on distribution. This research aims to study the effect of pods and packaging types on the viability and vigor of bambara groundmut seeds so as to obtain a safe and efficient storage method. A randomized complete design was employed, consisting of two factors. The first factor was the seed storage method (four levels): seeds with pods in PP-plastic, seeds with pods in plastic sack, seeds without pods in PP-plastic, and seeds without pods in plastic sack packaging. The second factor was storage period: 1 to 6 months. Storage was carried out in a room at 20 °C and RH 65%. The results showed that plastic packaging is absolutely necessary to maintain seed moisture content (mc) because the pods could not maintain it. Seed in plastic sack packaging had mc of 11,1% - 11,4%, while initial seed has mc of 9,0%, seed stored in PP-plastic had mc of 9,4% - 9,6%. Pod removal suppressed fungal infection. Fungal infection of seeds stored in plastic packaging without pod (17,11%) was lower than seed with pods (44,00%). Vigor of seed stored without pods in PP-plastic was better than others. Moreover, storage of bambara groundnut seeds without pods can reduce storage space requirements (64,62%) and reduce seed transportation weight (25,89%). Bambara seed should be extracted from the pod and save in PP plastic packaging in order to keep the seed vigor and efficient in storage requiirement.

IDENTIFY THE EFFECT OF ALTITUDE ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF SUGAR PALM PLANTS

2024-11-16T12:58:15+00:00

Indonesia needs to diversify cane sugar into brown sugar to reduce imports of cane sugar. Excessive consumption of cane sugar is one of the causes of the increase in diabetes mellitus sufferers. The sugar palm plant as a producer of brown sugar has the potential to be developed as a substitute for cane sugar. Identification of sugar palm plants is carried out to determine genetic diversity. High genetic diversity also has high adaptability. This research aims to determine differences in the morphological characteristics of sugar palm plants based on different altitudes and identify the level of uniformity of morphological characteristics in sugar palm plants. The results of these observations are used as initial data to determine the parent tree that will be used as propagation material. The research was conducted in North Lintau Buo District, Tanah Datar Regency, West Sumatra from September to October 2024. Sampling locations were taken based on different altitudes with three plant samples per altitude until nine plant accessions were obtained. The research results showed that the quantitative and qualitative characters of sugar palm plants had relatively narrow phenotypic variability values. The kinship analysis of sugar palm plants has a level of similarity with a coefficient value of 10.13 – 80.39%. The closest relationship distance is shown in accession 8 and accession 9, with a similarity level of 80.39%. Meanwhile, accession 4 has a distant relationship with accessions 1, 3, 2, 7, 8, 9, 6, and 5 with a similarity level of only 10.13%. PCA analysis shows that accession 4 is different from other accessions based on the characteristics of bark color, frond shape, petiole shape, and build leaflets.