Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA KUTU HIJAU (Coccus viridis) PADA TANAMAN KOPI DI PT PTL COFFEE BEAN DI KABUPATEN SOLOK SELATAN

Annisa Fitri Ramadhani, Sri Heriza, Muhammad Parikesit Wisnubroto — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

[[INFESTATION LEVEL OF GREEN SCALE INSECT (Coccus viridis) ON COFFEE PLANTS AT PT PTL COFFEE BEAN, SOLOK SELATAN REGENCY]. The green scale insect (Coccus viridis) is a major pest in coffee plantations in Indonesia. It is classified as an economically significant pest due to its potential to cause up to 50% plant damage, leading to substantial yield reduction and financial losses. This study aims to determine the infestation level of Coccus viridis at PT PTL Coffee Bean, Solok Selatan Regency, and to analyze the influence of environmental factors on infestation intensity. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for developing appropriate pest control strategies based on the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The research was conducted using a systematic sampling method with a diagonal line pattern across the coffee plantation owned by PT PTL Coffee Bean. Direct field observations were performed, and further analyses were conducted at the Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. The results showed that the infestation intensity of Coccus viridis on coffee plants at the study site was 15.38%, which falls into the mild infestation category. The infestation level was influenced by environmental factors such as altitude, temperature, humidity, light intensity, and cultivation techniques. Although the infestation level was classified as mild, regular monitoring remains essential to prevent an increase in pest populations. Furthermore, IPM-based control strategies should be optimized to sustain coffee plant productivity, including the conservation of natural enemies and the application of proper cultivation techniques.

PERKECAMBAHAN BENIH DAN KANDUNGAN FLAVONOID EKSTRAK SORGUM PADA BERBAGAI TINGKAT CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN

Edi Susilo, Hesti Pujiwati, Wismalinda Rita — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

[SEED GERMINATION AND FLAVONOID CONTENT OF SORGHUM EXTRACTS UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DROUGHT STRESS]. Weeds are one of the major challenges in agricultural cultivation systems, as they can reduce crop productivity. One strategy to enhance the production of secondary metabolites in sorghum plants is the application of abiotic stress, such as drought. This approach not only has the potential to produce high-quality extracts but also supports the development of effective bioherbicides. This study aims to analyze the effects of drought stress on flavonoid content and the allelopathic properties of sorghum. The research was conducted from June to August 2024 in the Greenhouse of Bengkulu University, with bioassay tests performed in Pematang Gubernur, Muara Bangkahulu, Bengkulu City. The study employed a single-factor completely randomized design (CRD) using two sorghum varieties, Super 1 and Suri 4. The drought stress treatments included three levels of watering frequency: daily, once every three days, and once every five days. The bioassay was conducted using the petri dish method, where each petri dish was treated with 10 mL of sorghum aqueous extract, 25 mung bean seeds were sown, and incubation was carried out for three days. The results showed that the highest total flavonoid content was found in the Super 1 variety with watering every five days (4067.01 µg/g), while the lowest was observed in the Suri 4 variety with daily watering (2948.07 µg/g). The highest seed germination inhibition was recorded in both Suri 4 and Super 1 varieties under the five-day watering interval. These findings indicate that the Super 1 and Suri 4 sorghum varieties subjected to drought stress can serve as potential bioherbicide sources for sustainable weed management.

EXPLORATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SUGAR PALM (Arenga pinnata Merr.) IN SIKAKAP, MENTAWAI ISLANDS

Nike Karjunita, Dede Suhendra, Wulan Kumala Sari, Sri Heriza — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), a member of the Arecaceae (Palmae) family within the Angiospermae group, is a multifunctional plant with significant economic value. Its sap serves as a primary ingredient for palm sugar production, while its young fruit is consumed as food, its fibers are utilized for roofing, and its trunk is processed into handicrafts. However, concerns have arisen regarding the plant’s declining availability due to imbalanced cultivation. A key factor contributing to the low cultivation interest among farmers is the prolonged maturation period of sugar palm. To support conservation efforts and sustainable management, morphological characterization is crucial in determining genetic relationships, which can assist breeders in preserving germplasm stability. This study aimed to assess the morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of sugar palm populations in Sikakap District, Mentawai Islands. The research was conducted from August to November 2024 using a survey method with purposive sampling. Morphological data were collected through direct observation, analyzed descriptively, and similarity relationships were determined using NTSYS Ver. 2.10 software. The exploration identified 15 accessions categorized into two groups, with genetic similarity levels ranging from 27% to 50%. A similarity coefficient of 27% indicates significant morphological variation among the observed accessions, particularly in plant height, sheath length, stem circumference, number of leaflets, leaflet width, leaflet length, and fruit diameter. The accession Pagai Selatan (PS2) exhibited the greatest morphological divergence. These findings provide valuable insights for conservation strategies and selective breeding programs aimed at maintaining the genetic diversity and sustainability of sugar palm populations.

KEANEKARAGAMAN RAYAP PADA LAHAN TEGAKAN JATI DI KABUPATEN TULUNGAGUNG DAN WONOGIRI

Adhi Gilang Indrawan, Nadzirum Mubin, Arinana — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

[TERMITE DIVERSITY IN TEAK IN TULUNGAGUNG AND WONOGIRI REGENCIES]. Termites are insects that have a very high potential for damage to various stands such as teak. This study aimed to identify the diversity of termite species in teak stands in Tulungagung and Wonogiri regencies. Sampling using the transect method with a transect area of 10 m x 60 m and feeding with pine wood placed in five sub-districts in Tulungagung Regency (Kalidawir, Pucanglaban, Tanggunggunung, Campur Darat, and Ngunut) and five sub-districts in Wonogiri (Jatiroto, Jatisrono, Sidoharjo, Slogohimo, and Purwantoro). The results showed that at least four termite species were found, Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes sp., Microtermes insperatus, and Nasutitermes havilandi. Termite diversity in Wonogiri was classified as medium with the highest H’ value (1.08), while termite diversity in Tulungagung was low with the lowest H’ (0.59). The dominance value of termite species in both districts was classified as medium and the evenness value in all observation locations showed an average high evenness index value. The results of the non-metric multidimensional scalling analysis showed that Jatiroto Subdistrict and Ngunut Subdistrict have a high level of species similarity (0.90).

PENGARUH BOOSTER ALAMI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN UMBI Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson

Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

[THE EFFECT OF NATURAL BOOSTERS ON THE GROWTH OF TUBERS OF Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius is a plant with high economic value in the food sector due to its glucomannan content of approximately 20%, which plays a role in lowering blood sugar and cholesterol levels. Its tubers are also rich in resistant starch and glucomannan fiber, offering potential for development as a postbiotic. Additionally, this plant is utilized in the food and cosmetic industries and exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties. However, its cultivation remains limited, primarily due to a lack of information regarding its benefits and propagation techniques. This study aims to analyze the effect of natural growth boosters on the tuber growth of A. paeoniifolius in the conservation area of the Science Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Bengkulu. The research employed a descriptive method using stem tuber propagation techniques with four treatments: shallot extract, bamboo shoot extract, control (no booster), and Rootone-F, each with six replications. Observed variables included stem height, stem diameter, and the number of shoots over a 10-week period (August–October 2024). The results showed that the shallot treatment yielded the highest growth rate at 66% (4 samples sprouted), followed by Rootone-F at 50% (3 samples), while the control and bamboo shoot treatments each resulted in 16.6% (1 sample). Shallot extract also demonstrated superior efficacy in stimulating the emergence of multiple shoots per tuber. The environmental conditions during the study were optimal, with temperatures of 27.8–32.3 °C, humidity levels of 56.5–77%, and soil pH ranging from 6.15 to 6.5. In conclusion, natural growth boosters, particularly shallot extract, positively influence the tuber growth of A. paeoniifoliu

ADAPTASI PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS 20 GENOTIPE CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annuum L.) DI DATARAN RENDAH

Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

[GROWTH ADAPTATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF 20 CAYENNE PEPPERS (Capsicum annuum L.) GENOTYPES IN LOWLANDS AREA]. The cultivation of chili peppers in lowland areas of Indonesia faces several environmental challenges. Efforts to increase red chili production in lowland regions include planting genotypes that are adaptive to local environmental conditions. This study aims to obtain information on the best red chili genotypes that can adapt and produce well in lowland areas. The research was conducted from May 2024 to September 2024 using the Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) method with a single-factor treatment, consisting of 20 genotypes red chili with three replications. The data collected included growth variables (plant height, first dichotomous height, leaf area, number of dichotomous points, stem diameter, and plant dry biomass) and yield variables (first harvest age, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight per plant, and percentage of marketable fruit). The results showed that the ‘Lotanbar’ genotype exhibited the best performance during the vegetative phase, as indicated by the largest total leaf area, the highest number of dichotomous points, the largest stem diameter, and the highest plant dry weight compared to other genotypes. Meanwhile, the ‘Baja F1’ genotype demonstrated superior performance during the generative phase, producing the largest fruit diameter and the highest fruit weight per plant, reaching up to 200% higher than the genotype with the lowest yield. Thus, the ‘Lotanbar’ genotype is recommended for optimization during the vegetative growth phase, while ‘Baja F1’ is more ideal for increasing yield during the generative phase in red chili cultivation in lowland areas.

GERMINATION OF NUTMEG SEEDS (Myristica argentea Warb) IN VARIOUS MEDIA WITH SCARIFICATION TREATMENT

Novita Ndandarmana, Theresia Tan, Amelia Samin Sarungallo, Ratna Ningsi — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Nutmeg has considerable potential to enhance the local economy, especially in the Papua region, where it is primarily cultivated in the Fakfak Regency and commonly known as Fakfak Nutmeg. One of the major challenges in nutmeg cultivation is the extended seed germination period, which limits the availability of high-quality planting materials. Typically, untreated nutmeg seeds germinate within 2 to 3 months after planting, whereas scarified seeds germinate more quickly, in approximately 1.5 months. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different growth media and seed coat scarification on nutmeg seed germination. A randomized factorial design was employed, with seed coat treatment and growth medium. The observed variables included germination percentage, germination rate, peak value, average daily germination, seedling height, number of leaves, number of roots, and stem weight. The results showed that scarification had a significant effect on germination, particularly in terms of germination percentage, average daily germination, germination rate, and peak value. However, it did not significantly affect other growth parameters such as seedling height, number of leaves, number of roots, or stem weight. No significant differences in germination performance were observed between sand and soil media.

THE ACCELERATION OF SEED GERMINATION OF MUCUNA (Mucuna bracteata) AS TREATED WITH DIFFERENTS WATER TEMPERATURE AND SOAKING TIME

Lince Romauli Panataria, Sri Pratywi, Efbertias Sitorus, Meylin Kristina Saragih — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Generative propagation of Mucuna bracteata is complicated and requires special treatment to germinate. Mucuna has a thick, rigid, and impermeable seed coat, which becomes a mechanical barrier to water or gas entry, making the imbibition process challenging to occur. Breaking dormancy in mucuna seeds aims to increase germination. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking time for mucuna seeds (Mucuna bracteata) at different water temperatures on breaking dormancy. This study used a completely randomized design factorial. This study consists of 2 treatment factors. The first factor is the length of soaking (L), which consists of 3 levels: 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The second factor is water temperature (K), which consists of 3 levels: 30 °C, 60 °C and 90 °C. Data analysis used variance analysis and simple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that water temperature had a significant effect on increasing germination power, accelerating germination, increasing the number of normal sprouts, and the dry weight of mucuna (Mucuna bracteata) sprouts..

PENGARUH BERBAGAI AMELIORAN DAN KONSENTRASI PUPUK MIKRO PADA TANAMAN EDAMAME (Glycine max (L.) Merill) DI TANAH GAMBUT

Nicco Yanuar, Radian, Iwan Sasli, Riko Prasetyo — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

[THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOIL AMELIORANTS AND MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZER CONCENTRATIONS ON EDAMAME (Glycine max (L.) Merill) PLANTS IN PEAT SOIL]. The cultivation of edamame (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in Indonesia remains limited, despite increasing demand in both domestic and export markets. However, peat soils present challenges for edamame production due to their high acidity and nutrient deficiencies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different soil amendments and micronutrient fertilizer concentrations on the growth and yield of edamame cultivated in peat soil. The research was conducted from March to May 2023 at the Agribusiness Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of the Pontianak City Agriculture and Food Security Office. A factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, with the first factor being the type of soil amendment (chicken manure, cow manure, and oil palm bunch compost) and the second factor being micronutrient fertilizer concentrations (0 g/L as control, 0.100 g/L, 0.125 g/L, 0.150 g/L, and 0.175 g/L). Results indicated that the interaction between soil amendments and micronutrient fertilizer concentrations had no significant effect on all measured variables. Soil amendments alone had a significant effect on plant height at two and three weeks after planting, but not at four weeks, nor on branch number or plant dry weight. Conversely, micronutrient fertilizer concentration significantly influenced plant dry weight only. These findings suggest that while soil amendments support early vegetative growth, micronutrient fertilizers primarily enhance biomass accumulation. The study provides practical insights for optimizing fertilization strategies to improve edamame cultivation on peat soils.

KEMAMPUAN ANTAGONISTIK BEBERAPA ISOLAT Bacillus spp. TERHADAP PATOGEN Pyricularia oryzae PENYEBAB PENYAKIT BLAS TANAMAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.) PADA BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI

Setiawan Setiawan, Yenny Wuryandari, Tr Mujoko — Wed, 11 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop that plays a vital role in supporting national food security. One of the major constraints in rice cultivation is blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Pyricularia oryzae, which can significantly reduce crop productivity and lead to substantial economic losses. The conventional management of this disease relies heavily on chemical pesticides, which pose long-term risks to environmental and human health. Therefore, eco-friendly alternatives such as biological control agents are necessary, with Bacillus spp. being one promising candidate. This study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic activity of three Bacillus spp. isolates (Bcz-14, Bcz-20, and Bcz-30) against P. oryzae at two bacterial population densities (10⁶ CFU/mL and 10⁹ CFU/mL) under in vitro conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Plant Health Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” East Java, from January to March 2025. Results of the antagonism assay demonstrated that all Bacillus spp. isolates inhibited the growth of P. oryzae, with the highest inhibition observed in treatments Bcz-14 and Bcz-30 at 10⁶ CFU/mL, with inhibition rates of 24.29% and 23.35%, respectively. The observed inhibition mechanisms included competition and antibiosis. Microscopic observations revealed abnormal hyphal structures in P. oryzae, including lysis, swelling, and chlamydospore formation, in response to Bacillus spp. treatment.