Jurnal Akuntansi

Analysis of the Implementation of PSAK 109 in Enhancing Transparency and Accountability of Zakat Institutions

Ulil Ikhsan S — 2025-06-30

Zakat is a key instrument in Islamic economics for wealth redistribution, aiming to reduce social inequality and enhance community welfare. Transparent and accountable zakat management is essential for building and maintaining public trust in zakat institutions. Sharia accounting plays a crucial role in systematically recording, measuring, and reporting zakat finances in accordance with Islamic principles, thereby reinforcing transparency and accountability. This study analyzes the role of Sharia accounting in improving transparency and accountability in zakat management, with a focus on the implementation and challenges of PSAK 109. A qualitative descriptive method is employed, using a literature review of scholarly articles on the application of PSAK 109 in BAZNAS and LAZ. Findings reveal that BAZNAS has effectively implemented PSAK 109, supported by strong regulations, strict oversight, and integrated Sharia accounting systems. In contrast, many LAZ face obstacles, including limited human resources, inadequate technological infrastructure, and weak supervision. To address these issues, efforts should focus on regulatory harmonization, capacity building, digitization of accounting systems, and enhanced oversight by the Sharia Supervisory Board (DPS). Strengthening these areas will enable accounting to contribute more significantly to the professionalization of zakat management, ensuring its distribution is more effective and transparent.

Profitability, Capital Intensity, Leverage, And Tax Avoidance: Firm Size As A Moderating Variable

Adirianto — 2025-06-30

This research investigates how profitability, capital intensity, and leverage influence tax avoidance practices, while also assessing whether firm size moderates these relationships. The research focuses on consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. This research adopts a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative research design. A purposive sampling method was used to select 120 panel data observations from 30 companies out of 63 consumer goods firms. With the help of SPSS version 22, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and moderated regression analysis, preceded by descriptive statistical tests and classical assumption tests. The results revealed that profitability, capital intensity, and leverage together significantly influence tax avoidance, as indicated by a significance level of 0.046. Partially, only leverage shows a significant positive impact on tax avoidance, with a coefficient of 0.045 and a significance level of 0.027, whereas profitability and capital intensity do not demonstrate a meaningful effect. These findings confirm that companies with high levels of debt use interest expense as a tax shield to reduce tax liabilities. In addition, the results also show that firm size cannot moderate the effect of profitability, capital intensity, and leverage on tax avoidance.

The Influence of Asset Management, Solvency, and Liquidity on Financial Performance in Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2021-2023

Yanita Paulina Br Sebayang — 2025-06-30

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of asset management, solvency, and liquidity on financial performance in food and beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2021 to 2023. The main problem in this study stems from the phenomenon of fluctuations in Return on Assets (ROA) which shows the inconsistency of the financial performance of companies in the sub-sector, so it is necessary to further explore the financial factors that influence it. The approach used in this study is a quantitative approach with an associative research type. The population in the study was 26 companies, with a purposive sampling technique obtained 20 companies as samples, which were multiplied by 3 years of observation period, resulting in 60 observation data. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual financial reports obtained through the official IDX website (www.idx.co.id). Data analysis techniques were carried out through classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression tests, partial tests (t-tests), simultaneous tests (F-tests), and determination coefficient tests using SPSS software version 25. The results of the study showed that partially, asset management, solvency, and liquidity each had a positive and significant effect on financial performance. Simultaneously, the three independent variables also had a positive and significant effect on the company's financial performance. These findings indicate that efficient asset management, a healthy capital structure, and the company's ability to meet short-term obligations are important factors in improving financial performance. Therefore, companies are advised to pay attention to these three aspects in managerial decision making to achieve long-term financial goals.

The Influence of Audit Opinion, Internal Control and External Pressure on Financial Statement Fraud in the Pharmaceutical Sector: An Empirical Study 2019-2023

Refi Mariska Fitriani — 2025-06-30

This research seeks to examine the effect of audit opinions, internal control systems, and external pressure on the occurrence of financial statement fraud in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2019 to 2023. This study applied a quantitative research approach, with a population consisting of 36 pharmaceutical companies. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, based on predetermined criteria, resulting in 15 companies eligible for analysis. The Beneish M-Score model was utilized to assess financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, the audit opinion variable was measured using a dummy variable, internal control was evaluated using the Internal Control Disclosure Index (ICDI), and external pressure was represented by the leverage ratio. The results indicate that internal control has a significant negative relationship with financial statement fraud, whereas external pressure shows a significant positive influence. In contrast, audit opinions do not have a statistically significant impact, suggesting that audit opinions alone may not be sufficient indicators for identifying fraud in pharmaceutical sector companies

The Influence Of Audit Tenure, Auditor Reputation, Auditor Rotation, Audit Fee On Audit Quality

Virgiawan Deshandrio — 2025-06-30

This research aims to empirically examine the effect of audit tenure, auditor reputation, auditor rotation, and audit fee on audit quality in BUMN (State-Owned Enterprises in Indonesia) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2023. Audit quality is a key indicator of the reliability of financial statements and reflects the auditor’s ability to detect and report irregularities objectively. This study uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling based on specific criteria: BUMN that consistently published complete annual reports and financial statements in Indonesian Rupiah during the observation period. The study results, obtained through logistic regression analysis, show that audit tenure and auditor rotation have a significant and positive impact on audit quality, suggesting that both longer engagement duration and proper auditor rotation enhance auditor performance and independence. In contrast, auditor reputation and audit fee do not significantly affect audit quality, indicating that affiliation with Big Four accounting firms or higher audit payments does not necessarily guarantee better audit outcomes. The regression model demonstrated good fit with a Nagelkerke R Square of 0.695, meaning the independent variables explain 69.5% of the variation in audit quality. These findings have practical implications for regulators and stakeholders in optimizing audit assignment policies to strengthen the quality of financial reporting. The research also highlights the need for greater oversight and accountability, particularly in the context of public companies. Future studies are encouraged to explore other factors that may influence audit quality using larger and more diverse samples.

Modern Slavery Disclosure in the G20: Firm and National-Level Insights

Vidya Intani Athfalina — 2025-06-30

The urgency for firms to disclose modern slavery practices has increased in light of global human rights concerns. This study investigates the firm-level and country-level determinants that influence modern slavery disclosure using panel data from 6,757 firm-year observations across listed firms in G20 countries (2015–2020). Data from the listed firm in the G20 countries were used. These nations have contributed most of the world's GDP and share the objective of adhering to modern slavery standards. Employing a panel data regression model with fixed effects and robust standard errors, grounded in neo-institutional and stakeholder theories, the analysis incorporates variables such as corporate governance, firm size, profitability, state governance, and legal system. Secondary data were collected from the Thomson Reuters Eikon and World Bank databases. The results indicate that firm governance (β = 0.0623; p < 0.01), firm size (β = 1.31; p < 0.01), country-level governance (β = 3.69; p < 0.01), and civil law legal system (β = 12.74; p < 0.01) have a statistically significant positive impact on modern slavery disclosure. Profitability is found to have no significant influence (p > 0.10). The final model explains 21.6% of the variance in disclosure (R² = 0.216). These findings demonstrate that both firm-internal characteristics and national institutional contexts play a decisive role in shaping disclosure practices, with firms in civil law countries and those with stronger governance frameworks reporting substantially higher levels of information. This study contributes to the literature in several ways. First, it provides large-scale empirical evidence across multiple countries, addressing the lack of cross-country analyses in prior research. Second, it integrates firm-level and country-level determinants within a unified model, offering new insights into how internal resources and external pressures jointly influence modern slavery transparency. Finally, by highlighting the non-significance of profitability, this research challenges assumptions that stronger financial performance automatically leads to more ethical disclosure, thereby expanding the theoretical understanding of disclosure behavior. Firms have varying levels of disclosure of modern slavery. Businesses and investors have an obligation to uphold human rights in their supply chains and combat modern forms of slavery, including forced labor and human trafficking. Overall, the results underscore the importance of robust corporate governance, institutional quality, and legal frameworks in promoting accountability and transparency in addressing modern slavery risks..

The Role of External Auditors in Client Tax Compliance : A Case Study at Budiandru & Partners Public Accounting Firm

Fauziah Tiara Anggraini — 2025-06-30

Taxes constitute a primary source of state revenue and play a crucial role in national development and the improvement of public welfare. However, tax compliance in Indonesia remains relatively low, as reflected in the suboptimal tax ratio. One effort to enhance tax compliance is through the involvement of external auditors. This study aims to examine the role of external audits in improving client tax compliance. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, using purposive sampling to select five senior auditors who were interviewed through semi-structured interviews conducted in July 2025 at Budiandru & Partners Public Accounting Firm, located in Pekanbaru City. The findings indicate that external audits contribute to helping clients prepare credible financial statements, understand the tax system, and encourage honesty and transparency in tax reporting. Audits also enhance clients' tax knowledge, play an indirect role in the dissemination of tax regulations, foster awareness and responsibility toward tax obligations, increase alertness to potential sanctions, and promote transparency. In the context of tax modernization, auditors also assist clients in adapting to digital systems, although technical challenges are still encountered..

Profitability as Mediator in Tax avoidance: Evidence from Indonesian Financial Sector

Andora Andora — 2025-06-30

This study aims to empirically test whether profitability can mediate the influence of academic qualifications of CFOs and independent commissioners on tax avoidance. The research sample was 62 with a purposive sampling technique in financial sector companies listed on the IDX in 2023. The research method applied is Partial Least Square (PLS) modeling using smartPLS 4.0 software assistance to analyze the data. The results found that H1 was rejected, CFO academic qualifications had no significant effect on tax avoidance. H2 accepted, independent commissioners have a significant effect on tax avoidance. H3 is accepted, CFO academic qualifications have a significant effect on profitability. H4 is accepted, independent commissioners have a significant effect on profitability. H5 accepted, profitability affects tax avoidance. H6 accepted, profitability can mediate the effect of CFO academic qualifications on tax avoidance. H7 accepted, profitability can mediate the effect of independent commissioners on tax avoidance. Firm size as a control variable has no significant effect on profitability and tax avoidance.