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March 30, 2025
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Abstract
This study aims to describe and explore factors related to awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and personal norms in achieving aspects of pro-environmental behavior according to Kaiser at Harapan and Doa Hospitals in Bengkulu. Pro-environmental behavior, which aims to reduce negative impacts on the environment or improve environmental quality, involves actions like energy conservation, efficient mobility and transportation, waste reduction, recycling, environmentally conscious consumer choices, and participation in conservation efforts. Pro-environmental behavior depends on individuals' environmental awareness, knowledge, and willingness to act for the benefit of society, the environment, and future generations. In developing countries, environmental awareness is often low due to a cultural emphasis on economic welfare over sustainability. Increasing pro-environmental behavior is crucial to supporting sustainable development and improving quality of life. The findings reveal that pro-environmental behavior among employees at RSHD Bengkulu City is evident through three key factors: awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility, and personal norms. Employees' environmental awareness drives them to use recycled medical products and reduce paper through digital documentation. Their sense of responsibility is reflected in their use of energy-efficient technology and commitment to turning off equipment when not in use. Strong personal norms further promote sustainability through eco-friendly product choices, coworker education, and involvement in green procurement. This demonstrates the employees’ commitment to environmental sustainability and shows that pro-environmental behavior is achievable through developing individual awareness, responsibility, and norms aligned with sustainability principles.
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Copyright (c) 2025 zuliana Zuliana, Slamet Widodo
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Organizational Pro-Environmental Behavior (A Case Study of Harapan dan Do’a Hospital, Bengkulu City). (2025). The Manager Review, 7(1), 141–162. https://doi.org/10.33369/tmr.v7i1.41325
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Ángeles López-Cabarcos, M., Vázquez-Rodríguez, P., & Quiñoá-Piñeiro, L. M. (2022). An approach to employees’ job performance through work environmental variables and leadership behaviours. Journal of Business Research, 140, 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.006
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Bronfman, N. C., Cisternas, P. C., López-vázquez, E., Maza, C. De, & Oyanedel, J. C. (2015). Understanding Attitudes and Pro-Environmental Behaviors in a Chilean Community, 14133–14152. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71014133
Chan, E.S.W. and Hsu, C.H.C. (2016). Environmental management research in hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (5), 886-923. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2015-0076
Darmawan, B. (2018). Konservasi Energi di Sektor Kesehatan: Pendekatan Efisiensi Energi Pada Peralatan Medis. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Energi, 12(3), 157-168.
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Fang, W.-T., Chiang, Y.-T., Ng, E., & Lo, J.-C. (2019). Using the Norm Activation Model to Predict the Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Public Servants at the Central and Local Governments in Taiwan. Sustainability, 11(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133712
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160. https://doi.org/10.61511/jocae.v1i1.2024.478
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Jones, M., & Roberts, L. (2022). The role of digital communication in reducing carbon footprints. Journal of Environmental Technology, 10(2), 98-110.
Joo, K., Lee, J., & Hwang, J. (2022). NAM and TPB Approach to Consumers’ Decision- Making Framework in the Context of Indoor Smart Farm Restaurants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114604
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Kusuma, R. (2020). Sistem Pemisahan dan Daur Ulang Limbah Medis: Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Manajemen Limbah, 7(2), 89-101.
Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap : Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462022014540
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Latif, M. A., & Aziz, M. S. (2018). Workplace Spirituality and Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Role of Employee Engagement and Environmental Awareness. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 18(5), 43–54. Retrieved from https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2511
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Marfai, M. A. (2016). Pengantar Etika Lingkungan dan Kearifan Lokal. Gadjah Mada University Press
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References
Afsar, B., Badir, Y., & Kiani, U. S. (2016). Linking spiritual leadership and employee pro-environmental behavior: The influence of workplace spirituality, intrinsic motivation, and environmental passion. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 79–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.011
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.https://doi.org/10.1016/07495978(91)90020-T
Ángeles López-Cabarcos, M., Vázquez-Rodríguez, P., & Quiñoá-Piñeiro, L. M. (2022). An approach to employees’ job performance through work environmental variables and leadership behaviours. Journal of Business Research, 140, 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.006
Arikunto, Suharsimi. (2013). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta PT Rineka Cipta.
Arlinkasari, Fitri., Riselligia Caninsti., dan Muh Arief Prasetya. 2018. Peran Awareness of Consequences Terhadap Perilaku Pro Lingkungan Pada Warga Jakarta. Jurnal Psikologi Sains dan Profesi, 2(3) : 235-241
Bechtel, R And Churchman, A. (2012). Handbook of Environmental Psychology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bronfman, N. C., Cisternas, P. C., López-vázquez, E., Maza, C. De, & Oyanedel, J. C. (2015). Understanding Attitudes and Pro-Environmental Behaviors in a Chilean Community, 14133–14152. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71014133
Chan, E.S.W. and Hsu, C.H.C. (2016). Environmental management research in hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28 (5), 886-923. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-02-2015-0076
Darmawan, B. (2018). Konservasi Energi di Sektor Kesehatan: Pendekatan Efisiensi Energi Pada Peralatan Medis. Jurnal Lingkungan dan Energi, 12(3), 157-168.
Davis, G., O’Callaghan, F., & Knox, K. (2009). Sustainable attitudes and behaviours amongst a sample of non-academic staff. International Journal of Sustainability, 10(2), 136–151. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676370910945945
Digital Sustainability Journal. (2022). The impact of digitalization on paper use in organizations. Digital Sustainability Journal, 8(2), 45-60.
Environmental Performance Index. (2018). Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, Yale University
Fang, W.-T., Chiang, Y.-T., Ng, E., & Lo, J.-C. (2019). Using the Norm Activation Model to Predict the Pro-Environmental Behaviors of Public Servants at the Central and Local Governments in Taiwan. Sustainability, 11(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133712
Fubani, A., Diheim, M., Makhya, N., & Velasufah, W. (2024). Pengetahuan dan perilaku ramah lingkungan mahasiswa. Journal of Character and Environment, 1(2), 138–
160. https://doi.org/10.61511/jocae.v1i1.2024.478
Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). pro-environmental concern and behaviour : A review, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12034
Green Consumer Research. (2023). Trends in consumer behavior toward sustainable products. Green Consumer Research, 12(4), 22-37.
Green, P. (2021). The Role of Individual Responsibility in Energy Conservation. Journal of Energy Efficiency, 18(3), 123-135.
Hamzah, S. (2013). Pendidikan Lingkungan: Sekelumit Wawasan Pengantar.
Bandung: Refika Aditama.
Hamzah, S. (2013). Pendidikan Lingkungan: Sekelumit Wawasan Pengantar. Bandung: Refika Aditama
Han, H. (2014). The Norm Activation Model And Theory-Broadening: Individuals' Decision-Making On Environmentally-Responsible Convention Attendance. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 462-471.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2014.10.006
Harris, J., & White, S. (2023). Energy conservation in healthcare facilities: Best practices. Journal of Energy Management, 27(3), 112-130.
Homburg, A., & Stolberg, A. (2006). Explaining pro-environmental behavior with a cognitive theory of stress. Journal of Environmental Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.03.003
Hung, T., Jan, F., & Yang, C. (2013). Conceptualizing and measuring environmentally responsible behaviors from the perspective of community-based tourists. JTMA, 36, 454–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.09.012
Hynes, Niki., Julian Wilson. (2016) I Do It, But Don't Tell Anyone! Personal Values, Personal And Social Norms: Can Social Media Play A Role In Changing Pro- Environmental Behaviours? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 111, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.06.034
Istianah. (2015). Upaya Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Perspektif Hadits.
Riwayah, 1(2), 249-270.
https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/riwayah/article/view/1802
Johnson, T. (2020). Impact of Equipment Shutdown on Longevity and Maintenance.
Equipment Management Review, 12(2), 45-53.
Jones, M., & Roberts, L. (2022). The role of digital communication in reducing carbon footprints. Journal of Environmental Technology, 10(2), 98-110.
Joo, K., Lee, J., & Hwang, J. (2022). NAM and TPB Approach to Consumers’ Decision- Making Framework in the Context of Indoor Smart Farm Restaurants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114604
Junot, A. Paquet, Y., & Krumm, C. (2017). Passion For Outdoor Activities And Environmental Behaviors: A Look At Emotions Related To Passionate Activities. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 53, 177-184.
doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.07.011
Kangasniemi, M., Kallio, H., & A.M, P. (2014). Towards environmentally responsible nursing: A critical interpretive synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(7), 1465–1478.
Kusuma, R. (2020). Sistem Pemisahan dan Daur Ulang Limbah Medis: Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Manajemen Limbah, 7(2), 89-101.
Kollmuss, A., & Agyeman, J. (2002). Mind the gap : Why do people act environmentally and what are the barriers to pro-environmental behavior? Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350462022014540
Larrain, M., Van Passel, S., Thomassen, G., Kresovic, U., Alderweireldt, N., Moerman, E., & Billen, P. (2020). Economic performance of pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste: Open-loop versus closed-loop recycling. Journal of Cleaner Production, 270, 122442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122442
Larson, L. R., Stedman, R. C., Cooper, C. B., & Decker, D. J. (2015). Understanding the multi-dimensional structure of pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 112–
124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.004
Latif, M. A., & Aziz, M. S. (2018). Workplace Spirituality and Pro-Environmental Behavior: The Role of Employee Engagement and Environmental Awareness. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 18(5), 43–54. Retrieved from https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/2511
Macovei, I. (2015). Determinants of Consumers ’ Pro- Environmental Behavior – Toward an Integrated Model, (August).
Marfai, M. A. (2016). Pengantar Etika Lingkungan dan Kearifan Lokal. Gadjah Mada University Press
Marleen C. Onwezen, Gerrit Antonides, Jos Bartels. (2013). The Norm Activation Model: An Exploration Of The Functions Of Anticipated Pride And Guilt In Pro- Environmental Behaviour. Journal of Economic Psychology 39, 141–153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.07.005
Meyer,A. (2015). Does Education Increase Pro-Environmental Behavior ? Evidence From Europe. Ecological Economics, 116, 108-121.
doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.04.018
Miller, A., & Smith, J. (2019). Energy Saving Practices in Healthcare Facilities: An Empirical Study. Healthcare Energy Journal, 14(1), 78-90.
Moussaoui, L. S., Bobst, T., Felder, M., Riedo, G., & Pekari, N. (2022). Adoption of organic waste sorting behavior at home: who recycles and which barriers exist for non-recyclers? A representative survey. Environmental Challenges, 8, 100541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100541
Nana Syaodih Sukmadinata. 2011. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nu'man, Thobagus Mohammad; Noviati, Nur Pratiwi. (2021). Perilaku sadar lingkungan dalam perspektif Theory of Planned Behavior: Analisis terhadap intensi penggunaan kantong dan sedotan plastik pada mahasiswa. Jurnal Ecopsy, [S.l.], 8
(2) 165-177. ISSN 2354-7634. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.2021.10.016
Palupi, Tyas., & Dian Ratna Sawitri. (2017). Hubungan Antara Sikap Dengan Perilaku Pro-Lingkungan Ditinjau dari Perspektif Theory Of Planned Behavior. Proceeding Biology Education Conference, 14(1), 214-217.
https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/prosbi/article/view/18936/15036
Peattie, S., & Crane, A. 2005. Green Marketing: Legend, Myth, Farce or Prophesy?
Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 8(4), 357-370.
Phuphisith, S., Kurisu, K., Hanaki, K. (2017). Insight Into Pro-Environmental Behaviors And People’s Perception In Bangkok, Thailand. Journal of Environmental Information Science, 45 (5). 9-20
Pothitou, M., Hanna, R., & Chalvatzis, K. (2016). Environmental Knowled Proenvironmental Behaviour And Energy Savings In Households: An Empiri Study. Applied Energy, 184, 1217-1229. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.017
Prasetyo, D., & Putri, L. (2019). Pengelolaan Teknologi Informasi yang Ramah Lingkungan di Sektor Publik. Jurnal Teknologi dan Lingkungan, 8(2), 98-105.
Putra, Randy Pramana. (2019). Pengaruh Pro-Lingkungan Pengurus Organisasi Mahasiswa Pecinta Alam. Cognicia, 7(3), 378-389.
http://ejournal.umm.ac.id/index.php/cognicia.
Rhead, R., Elliot, M., & Upham, P. (2015). Assessing The Structure Of UK Environmental Concern And It’s Association With Pro-Environmental Behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 175-183.
doi:/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.002
Rijali, A . 2018. Analisis data kualitatif ahmad Rijali UIN Antasari anjarmasin.17(33), 81 – 95.
Robertson, J. L., & Barling, J. (2015). Introduction. In The Psychology of Green Organizations. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199997480.003.0001
Saputra, H., Febriana, S. K. T., & Akbar, S. N. (2018). Pengaruh Peran Kepemimpinan terhadap Perilaku Pro-Lingkungan pada anggota organisasi Mahasiswa Pecinta Alam (MAPALA) Piranha. Jurnal Ecopsy. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v3i3.2667
Sawitri, D. R., Hadiyanto, H., & Hadi, S. P. (2015). Pro-Environmental Behavior from a SocialCognitive Theory Perspective. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23(Ictcred 2014), 27– 33.
Sawitri, D. R., Hadiyanto, H., & Hadi, S. P. (2015). Pro-Environmental Behavior from a SocialCognitive Theory Perspective. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 23(Ictcred 2014), 27– 33.
24
Septiani, B. A., Arianie, D. M., Risman, V. F. A. A., Handayani, W., & Kawuryan, I. S.
S. (2019). PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DI SALATIGA: Praktik, dan
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