MOTIVATION AND PARTICIPATION OF FARMERS IN THE AUTP PROGRAM IN SUNGAI PINYUH DISTRICT, MEMPAWAH

The formulation of the problem in this study is the lower the number of AUTP participants in Sungai Pinyuh District, so the purpose of this study is to analyze the level of motivation, the level of participation and the relationship between motivation and participation. This study uses the Likerta scale method (descriptive) then the range spermant test to find a relationship. The research location was chosen by purposive sampling, this means that the Sungai Pinyuh sub-district is an active AUTP participant in Mempawah Regency. Determination of the number of respondents as many as 81 respondents. The results in this study are the level of motivation with a high category, the level of participation is included in the high category, the relationship between motivation and participation has a positive relationship, suggestions in research participants should be involved in the evaluation stage in order to contribute to providing criticism and suggestions


INTRODUCTION
In the majority of emerging nations, the agricultural sector plays a significant role in the economy. This is evident from the agricultural sector's role in housing the population, giving people a place to work, generating national income, and adding to the overall product. Various statistics demonstrate that in some developing nations, more than 75% of the population works in the agricultural sector, which also accounts for more than 50% of the nation's GDP and practically all of its exports of agricultural products (Todaro, 2000).
Farmers often face problems in the field with high risk and uncertainty in rice farming. According to Djohanputro (2006), risk is defined as an uncertainty with a known level of probability of occurrence. According to Kountur (2008) this uncertainty occurs due to the lack or unavailability of information regarding what will happen. Uncertainty faced by farmers can have a detrimental or beneficial impact. Zakirin et al., (2014) noted that in addition to natural elements like weather, pests and diseases, temperature, drought, and flooding, dangers can also be brought on by marketing activities. Farmers' inability to influence market prices results in price risk. Meanwhile, Suharyanto et al., (2015) stated that the risk and uncertainty of farming is lower if it is carried out in the dry season, compared to the rainy season. Estiningtyas et al., (2011) confirmed that farming is very vulnerable to diversity and climate change.
In respect to climate change, the government's Rice Farming Insurance (AUTP) program can be an intriguing scheme. Insurance especially covers risk sharing due to drought, flooding, attacks by pests and diseases, or plantdisturbing organisms, in addition to price protection and price reduction (Pasaribu, 2010). The implementation of AUTP, according to the Ministry of Agriculture (Ministry of Agriculture, 2021), aims to reimburse farmers for losses caused by damage to rice plants by compensating them for those losses.
Mempawah Regency has implemented the AUTP program starting in 2016-2020, the number of AUTP participants in Mempawah Regency experienced fluctuations in the number of participants, in 2018-2019 there was a decrease in the number of participants, but in 2019-2020 there was an increase, this means that farmers have not been able to be consistent in participating the  The research area is located in Sungai Pinyuh District, Mempawah Regency which has a total of 455 participants for Rice Farming Insurance. The sub-district is not the sub-district that has the largest number of other subdistricts as participants. In general, Sungai Pinyuh District is an area where farmers are consistent in paying premiums independently of 20%. Meanwhile, in other sub-districts, 80 percent of the subsidy from the central government and 20 percent of the regional government subsidy will be obtained. This facility and policy was followed by other farmers in different sub-districts.
Farmers must be encouraged to sign up for the AUTP scheme. Motivation is how to channel farmers' strength and potential so that they are willing to collaborate successfully to realize the predetermined aims. Motivating people to work hard and joyfully in order to obtain the best results is a driving force that causes, distributes, and supports human behavior (Mustanir et al., 2018). While participation refers to a person's or a group's involvement in the development process through both statements and actions by contributing ideas, time, effort, knowledge, resources, and/or materials, as well as taking part in using and appreciating the outcomes of development (Sumaryadi, 2010).
The indicators of farmer motivation (Hasibuan, 2016) adopted are intrinsic motivation, encouragement from oneself (farming experience, need for security, land area) and extrinsic motivation from outside (agricultural extension workers, invitations from other farmers and social environment). Meanwhile, four stage indicators are used to measure the extent of farmer participation: planning, implementation, enjoying the outcomes, and evaluation (Isbandi in Handayani et al., 2019). The analysis' findings on the relationship between farmers' levels of motivation and involvement can be used as a basis for thought and decisionmaking in the AUTP program. A job or activity will not run well if it is not accompanied by high motivation in its implementation. Farmers will not want to participate if they do not have motivation. The participation that has been carried out by farmers in rice farming is based on the existence of certain motives that become the driving force, driving, directing farmers to participate and maintain their participation, as stated by Slamet (2003) that one of the conditions for the growth of community participation is the existence of the will of the community.
The concept of desire or will is closely related to the concept of motivation. Thoha (2015) and Handoko (2017) suggest that sometimes the term motivation is used interchangeably with the terms need, desire, urge, urge or impulse. Farmers who have motivation will be willing to devote their physical and mental energy to participate in the management of rice farming, as stated by Suhardi (2013) that apart from their ability, people will work depending on the motivation and strength contained by the motivation. This means that highly motivated individuals will put forth substantial effort, in support of their production goals. Individuals who are not motivated will only give minimum effort in participating in rice farming.
This study has three objectives, namely to analyze the level of motivation level, level of participation, and the relationship between motivation and farmer participation. The novelty of this research is to use the variables of the level of motivation and the level of farmer participation in the AUTP program, while other studies have not used the same topic.

RESEARCH METHODS
This research was conducted in four villages, namely Purun Kecil Village, Peniraman Village, Purun Kecil Village and Sungai Bakau Besar Laut Village, Sungai Pinyuh District, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The location of the research was determined intentionally, the time in this study was carried out for 4 (four) months, from November 2021 to March 2022. The population was 455 participants and the sample size was 81 respondents. Statistical calculations are using the Slovin formula (Sugiyono, 2018 This study uses primary data (questionnaires and documentation) secondary data (journals, scientific articles, BPS, and related agencies).

Data analysis
Measuring the level of motivation of farmers using the Likert scale method, namely:

Participation Rate Measurement Method
Measuring the level of farmer participation in Sungai Pinyuh District with a tabulated Likert scale and descriptive analysis based on variability indicators. Collected during the provision of a questionnaire to obtain an answer consisting of research-related questions. The amount of farmer participation in the rice insurance program in Sungai Pinyuh district is based on the following formula:

Relationship Between Motivation and Farmer Participation
Measuring the relationship between motivation and participation using the Spearman Rank test (Sugiyono, 2018).
The Rang Spearman test formula is as follows: = 1 − 6 ∑ 2 ( 2 − 1) Notes: = Spearman rank correlation coefficient bi = difference in rank of each data n = number of data Source: Sugiyono (2018) Decision making criteria: 1. The significance value is less than then the hypothesis is accepted at (α) = 0.05, which means that there is a real relationship between the variables being tested. 2. The significance value is more than then the hypothesis is not accepted, at (α) = 0.05 it can be concluded that there is no relationship between the variables X and Y.

Motivation level
The results of 81 respondents obtained data on the level of motivation of farmers with a total score of 69.86, the percentage of 64.20% is included in the high category following Table 5. The fact on the ground that many farmers are enthusiastic about participating in the AUTP program, because farmers are willing to pay a premium, farmers think that by becoming a participant, their business is safe. This sense of security is in the form of returning business capital if there is a risk of farming failure. Farmers generally feel vulnerable to pest attack (blast, rat, golden snail) and flood disasters are usually exposed to salt water. Areas prone to salt water are Nusa Pati Village, Peniraman Village, Sungai Purun Kecil Village. According to Zakirin at al. (2014) and Kountur (2008) this condition is the cause of farmers' anxiety about the risk of business failure, so based on that reason the motivation level category is included in the high category. Putri et al. (2020) states that the motivation of farmers in farming there are internal (intrinsic) factors, namely physiological needs, social needs and a sense of security.

Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation
The intrinsic motivation of farmers in the high category is the total score of 28.90 with a percentage of 56.79%, including the high category. The level of extrinsic motivation of farmers with a total score of 40.96 with a percentage of 61.73% is in the high category. the following data on intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation Table 6.
Sub-variables of intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation are in the high category, the high level of motivation of farmers is formed by encouragement from themselves and encouragement from outside so as to provide a big boost for farmers. Putri et al., (2020) & Sulaiman et al (2018) stated that by participating in the AUTP program, farmers feel protected and get guarantees if their business fails. Yani (2017) states that the motivation of farmers is influenced by internal factors such as age, farming experience, education, number of families at home. While the level of external motivation is influenced by the economic environment, group activities and social environment in the community.

Intrinsic Motivation Sub Variable
Based on the results of the analysis on the intrinsic motivation subvariables, the data for each indicator can be seen in Table 7. The indicator of farming experience is high, the amount of experience is higher, the higher the level of motivation to follow the program. Farming experience has a positive influence on the productivity of the results of his business. Good experience of farmers will provide many solutions to reduce the risks faced in the field, so that farmers are more efficient and effective in their work, and farmers can take into account the many possibilities that will occur in their business (Artanegara et al., 2016).
The land area indicator belongs to the medium class, because farmers in Sungai Pinyuh District want to minimize losses in their business so that by becoming AUTP participants farmers can reduce this risk. Septian and Anugrah (2014) stated that land is one of the places where business takes place, land is also an indicator of the success of farming. The size of the farmer's land has an influence on the amount of production and vice versa.
An indicator of the need for security, farmers spend money every planting season per hectare of Rp. 36,000, which is classified as still capable of being handled by farmers so that they are enthusiastic to become participants in the high category, with this premium all farmers are able to pay, especially for their land that is prone to natural disasters. According to Kaban and Kusno (2019), farmers who participate in the AUTP program feel safe because if they fail, there is still capital for their next farm.

Extrinsic Motivation
Based on the results of the analysis on the sub-variables of extrinsic motivation following the data attached below. The indicator for Agricultural instructors is in the high category, extension workers play a very important role for farmers because they are the delivery of information chains from the central government and related agencies, so that farmers are expected to be more intensive in participating in each activity (Rahmanida et al., 2019). Furthermore, Mulyani et al., (2019) stated that the higher the motivation of farmers in participating in each activity, the higher the level of participation owned by farmers in extension services, so that the purpose of extension will be easily achieved with active farmers. According to Hasibuan (2016) that a person's attitude will be influenced and driven by his needs, desires, goals and satisfaction.
The invitation of other farmers is included in the high category, this can be seen from fellow farmer members in general inviting each other, the head of the farmer group who actively motivates its members, with invitations from other farmers it provides internal motivation and a high sense of togetherness emerges between farmers. The concept of this program is that if you have become an AUTP participant, you are required to know the rights/obligations, the claim requirements because if the farm fails individually while the other participants are successful, it means that insurance claims are not necessarily given, but by being an active participant, the farmer understands the action to take if the crop do not let the harvest fail (Maramba, 2018 Indicators of the social environment in the AUTP program must have maximum socialization about the importance of this program, so that the motivation of farmers continues to be high and farmers must try to understand the system that runs on the program. According to Mayasari et al., (2015) that these social environmental indicators emerge from farmers to add insight by collaborating with other people, strengthening relationships between people, establishing relationships between communities and getting assistance from related agencies such as grants or Farmer Credit.

Participation Rate
The results of 81 respondents obtained data on the level of farmer participation in the medium category, namely the total score was 99.16 with a percentage of 79.01%, following Table 9. The level of participation of farmers in the AUTP program needs to be carried out properly because this program has a positive impact on farmers because it can protect their crops from drought floods, pests and farmers can also optimize their business results (Estiningtyas et al., 2011). The formation of awareness as a result of having experienced a failure will affect the activity of farmers so that if there is a crop failure and a claim is successful, then there is still capital for further farming. The level of participation of farmers who follow each stage, such as attending every meeting or meeting scheduled by the extension worker or farmer group is classified as active participants, but sometimes not all active farmers there are also passive farmers on the grounds that there are other activities so they cannot participate in every activity (Erlyasna & Yulida, 2016).

Four-Stage Sub Variable
Data on the level of farmer participation from the four stages can be seen in the table 10.
The planning stage has a total score of 24.77 with 65.43% in general being present in the program socialization is a form of farmer participation to obtain clear information and can be conveyed in farmer group forums. Attendance without coercion at this stage is very much needed by various parties, especially the insurance provider and the Department of Agriculture, this is different from the results of Kinanti and Amanah's research (2017) which states that not all farmers attend the meeting at the planning stage but only a few people, generally the head of farmer groups, advanced farmers, village government, extension workers and related agencies. Participation at the implementation stage is the participation of participants in member training, this is important so that participants, especially the heads of farmer groups, can understand the regulations regarding AUTP, for example the requirements to become participants, claim requirements submitted directly by the management of PT. Jasindo as the provider of agricultural insurance. In addition, the delivery of new farming techniques by the Agricultural Extension Officer. Participants' contributions are expected by the organizers of the insurance program, especially the energy and time that must be devoted to participating in the training voluntarily. According to Kinanti and Amanah (2017) who have different opinions, they state that the implementation stage of farmers who participate is only around 50% so that not all farmers are always active in this stage.
The participation of farmers in enjoying the results will get technical benefits of cultivation because when plants are attacked by pests, agricultural extension workers who always coordinate with PT. Jasindo will look for suitable/new technical farming solutions. According to Erlyasna & Yulida (2016) and Suharyanto at al. (2015) that at the stage of enjoying the results of the AUTP program, participants hope to get a claim, so that they get the benefits of the program. If the participants do not get a claim or the land is not prone to disaster, then they object to joining the program.
Participation in the evaluation stage of active participants in providing input, suggestions. The evaluation stage belongs to the moderate category of participation level, this is because in general farmers are active in the program and then to get maximum results for the sustainability of the program, they must evaluate every season (Handayani et al., 2019).

Planning Stage
Based on the results of the analysis on the planning stage sub-variables, the indicators for Attending Program Socialization have a total score of 16.52 with a percentage of 61.73% including the high category, while the active indicator equating aspirations has a total score of 8.25 with a percentage of 50.62% including the high category of data for each indicator can be seen in Table 11. The high level of participation by participating in the program socialization, farmers become focused so that farmers can understand the importance of the AUTP program, by opening a forum for discussion between members so that farmers can determine their participation or become participants in socialization and be active to express their aspirations (Erlyasna & Yulida, 2016) .

Implementation Stage
Based on the results of the implementation phase of the subvariable analysis, it was found that the training indicator participants had a total score of 16.25 with a percentage of 61.73% including the high category, while the Energy and time contribution indicators had a total score of 8.75 with a percentage of 70.37% including the high category, respectively. -each indicator can be seen in Table 12. The participant training indicators have a positive impact on the AUTP program, this has a good effect. Competence obtained through education and training, farmers are required to implement procedures for crop cultivation, good post-harvest and sustainable competitiveness (Imanullah, 2017).
Indicators of the contribution of energy and time are always able to take the time to be active in participating in each activity, Manalu et al. (2014) have a different opinion which states that making farmers cannot fully contribute to each activity so it is categorized as moderate.

Stage of Enjoying Results
Based on the results of the analysis on the sub-variables enjoying the results, the score on the indicator of getting farming benefits has a total score of 12,44 with a percentage of 59,26% including the high category, while the indicator of getting economic benefits from the program has a total score of 8,64 with a percentage 65,43% belongs to the high category, each indicator can be seen in Table 13.
The indicators in this sub-variable are categorized as high because of the benefits of farming. Farming experience has experienced ups and downs and with other considerations such as experience in pest attacks and an uncertain or unpredictable climate. Farming failures are often caused by floods and droughts because there is no good irrigation. Efforts to protect business and capital in the event of such failure, most farmers participate in insurance programs where business losses can be covered. Farmers feel protected by the AUTP program and feel very helpful for their next business. The motivation for farming becomes passionate because there is a sense of security and a passion for farming, because it will have an impact on the sustainability of the farming carried out, to produce maximum production, farming must be carried out properly and correctly so that it produces good products (Arwati, 2018;Darwis, 2017 Insurance claims or economic benefits from the program in the form of compensation for business losses can be fulfilled if the level of plant damage due to pest attacks or floods and droughts in the dry season, the damage must reach more than 75% (Pasaribu, 2010). The Sungai Pinyuh sub-district is an area prone to flooding, so many farmers take insurance programs to protect their land. The economic benefits have been felt by some farmers, namely by paying claims by PT. Jasindo to be able to support further farming activities (Erlyasna & Yulida, 2016).

Evaluation Stage
The participation of farmers in the evaluation stage has a score of 24.30 and a percentage of 58.02% is in the medium category.
The evaluation stage is included in the moderate category, at this stage not all farmers are included in the evaluation meeting activities, usually the participants are only the head of the farmer group, PPL and some advanced farmers who participate. Syifa et al. (2020) stated that at the evaluation stage which is generally carried out at the end of the program, it should be carried out by all participants, so that they will get a back response because of input in the form of opinions from farmers and all parties involved in the program. The evaluation meeting becomes a means for farmers to discuss with each other or discuss with related parties to solve problems with solutions agreed by the participants.
Through this evaluation stage, the effectiveness of the AUTP program can be known so that from the data it can improve or overcome problems at the field level and it is hoped that in this evaluation will get a good solution in the future. (Wirawan, 2012) states that the evaluation can be considered for future improvements.

Relationship between Farmer Motivation and Farmer Participation
The data obtained shows that there is a relationship between farmer motivation and farmer participation, it can be seen in Table 15 below: Based on the Spearman rank correlation test, the correlation coefficient is 0.410, indicating a moderate level of relationship with a sig value of 0.000. The level of a positive relationship in other words that the closeness of the relationship is unidirectional, meaning that the higher the level of motivation of farmers will be followed by increased participation (Murniati & Palupi, 2013). This can be proven by the value of intrinsic motivation which is supported by long experience in farming, although the average land area of farmers is only 0.5 ha and a sense of security in carrying out their farming which causes protection against the risk of crop failure. Likewise with the support of eccentric motivation, where agricultural extension workers who always provide encouragement and knowledge/information are the most helpful in farming and are supported by a social environment that encourages each other. In line with the research results of Hidayat et al. (2015) and Triana et al. (2017) that motivational support can increase the role and participation of every farmer to be active in contributing energy and time, such as always being present at every meeting and following farming information or other information that is always conveyed.
Farmers who participate in one another's activities are showing that they are involved in a certain activity, either individually or in groups. Involvement can take the form of exerting all of one's physical, mental, and emotional resources in all actions undertaken (initiative). Try to reduce risk, collaborate with others to address issues, support collective decisions, and share accountability. According to research by Kinanti & Amanah (2017), Mustanir et al. (2018), and Irawan & Sujaya as well as Mustanir & Sujaya (2017), participation is a person's mental and emotional involvement in a group situation that encourages them to support the achievement of group goals and take responsibility for the group (2017).

Conclusion
Overall the level of motivation of farmers is included in the high category. Some notes on the intrinsic dimensions such as indicators of land area which is still limited to ownership for each farmer, the need for security felt by farmers has not received optimal confidence and needs to get more encouragement.
In general, the level of farmer participation is included in the high category. Some indicators that are still not optimal include the activeness of conveying information that farmers are not accustomed to, the contribution of energy and time that still requires supervision and guidance, as well as the economic benefits of the program which have not been directly felt by all farmers because they have never claimed.
The positive relationship between motivation and participation shows significance based on the Spearman rank correlation test. The role of extension workers, group leaders and advanced farmers is still very dominant in guiding. The role of participation still needs to be cultivated in several activities such as evaluation and time discipline.

Suggestion
The researcher's suggestion at the evaluation stage is that it is hoped that all AUTP participants are involved in a forum so that participants also know the progress of the AUTP program in Sungai Pinyuh District, Mempawah Regency. Hopefully PT Jasindo will continue to promote the AUTP program to farmers so that many farmers will participate, especially in Sungai Pinyuh District, Mempawah Regency.