Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of village funds and infrastructure on income inequality between provincial governments in Southern Sumatera. This study uses a panel data regression model, the data used are secondary data from 2015 to 2020. The data used in this study are time series data obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Public Works and Housing People (PUPR) and other related agencies. Based on research and data processing, the best panel data regression model is the fixed effect model. The results of the F-statistical test show that the variables of village funds, road infrastructure, electricity ratios, and cellular telephone ownership jointly reduce income inequality between villages between provincial governments in Southern Sumatera significantly. Meanwhile, based on the statistical results of the t-test, only household cell phone ownership has no significant effect on rural income inequality.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Hutapia, Izharudin Izharudin, Benardin Benardin

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References
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References
Abduh, M. (2016). Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Di Perdesaan Terhadap Peningkatan Rasio Gini Di Indonesia (Tesis, Fakultas Ekonomi Bisnis, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia). Retrieved from http:// https://lontar.ui.ac.id
Angelia, F., & Gultom, Y. (2020). Peran Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Pada Sektor Ekonomi Kreatif Di Indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Ekonomi, 15(2), 4. 1-26
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2019). Indeks Pembangunan Desa 2018. Jakarta: BPS
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Gini Rasio Menurut Provinsi dan Daerah di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Statistik Tarnsportasi Darat (land Transportation Statistics), 2015-2020. Jakarta: BPS
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2021). Persentase Rumah Tangga yang Memiliki/Menguasai Telepon Seluler Menurut Provinsi dan Klasifikasi Daerah di Indonesia, 2015-2021. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. (2013). Analisis Kesenjangan Antar Wilayah. Jakarta: Bappenas
Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. (2017). Dana Desa Dan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. Jakarta: Bappenas
Bajar, S., & Rajeev, M. (2016). The Impact Of Infrastructure Provisioning On Inequality In India: Does The Level Of Development Matter ?. Journal Of Comparative Asian Development, 15(1), 122–155. doi:10.1080/15339114.2016.1150188
Brenneman, A., & Kerf, M. (2002). Infrastructure & Poverty Linkages: A Literature Review. Retrieved from https://www.ilo.org/emppolicy/pubs/WCMS_ASIST_8281/lang--en/index.htm
Bandyopadhyay, S. (2013). Are Mass Media And Icts Associated With Inequality And Poverty? Paper Conference Of Society For The Study Of Economic Inequality (ECINEQ). Retrieved from http://www.ecineq.org/ecineq_bari13/FILESxBari13/CR2/p165.pdf
Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2004). The Effects Of Infrastructure Development On Growth And Income Distribution (Policy Research Working Paper No. 3400). Washington D.C.: World Bank
Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2008). Infrastructure And Economic Development In Sub-Saharan Africa (Policy Research Working Paper No.4712). Washington D.C.: World Bank
Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2014). Infrastructure, Growth And Inequality, World Bank (Policy Research Working Paper 7034). Washington D.C.: World Bank
Charlery, L. C., Qaim, M., & Smith-Hall, C. (2016). Impact Of Infrastructure On Rural Household Income And Inequality In Nepal. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 8(2), 266–286. doi: 10.1080/19439342.2015.1079794
Fan, S., & Chan-Kang, C. (2008). Regional Road Development, Rural And Urban Poverty: Evidence From China. Transport Policy, 15(5), 305–314. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2008.12.012.
Ghosh, M. (2017). Infrastructure And Development In Rural India. Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 11(3), 256–289. doi: 10.1177/0973801017703499.
Gibson, J., & Rioja, F. (2014). A Bridge To Equality: How Investing In Infrastructure Affects The Distribution Of Wealth. Retrieved from https://www.frbatlanta.org/media/documents/news/conferences/2014/SIDE-workshop/papers/Gibson-Rioja
Hanafi, T., et al. (2017). Prakarsa Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Upaya Pengurangan Kesenjangan Wilayah Dan Pembangunan Daerah. Jakarta: Bappenas
Hutapia & Benardin. (2020). Pengaruh Dana Desa Terhadap Ketimpangan Pembangunan Antar Kabupaten Di Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP Kajian Masalah Social Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 19(1), 43-52. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.19.1.43-52
Joesoef, J. R., Sulistiyanti, & Andreas, P. (2016). Transportasi Dan Ketimpangan Wilayah Di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Media Trend, 11(1), 1-19, doi: 10.21107/mediatrend.v11i1.1351
Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia (2017). Buku Pintar Dana Desa. Jakarta: Kemenkeu RI
Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia (2019). Dana Desa Meningkat Setiap Tahunnya. Keterangan Pers, No: 7/KLI/2019, tanggal 25 Januari 2019. Sekretariat Jenderal Biro Komunikasi dan Layanan Informasi
Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia, (2020). Transfer ke Daerah dan Dana Desa (TKDD), 2015 – 2020. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia
Lokshin, M., & Yemtsov, R. (2005). Has Rural Infrastructure Rehabilitation In Georgia Helped The Poor?. The World Bank Economic Review, 19(2), 311-333. doi: 10.1093/wber/lhi007
Makmuri, A. (2017). Infrastructure And Inequality: An Empirical Evidence From Indonesia. Economic Journal of Emerging Markets, 9(1), 29-39. doi: 10.20885/ejem.vol9.iss1.art4
Majumder, R. (2012). Removing Poverty And Inequality In India: The Role Of Infrastructure (MPRA Paper No. 40941). Munich Personal Repec Archive. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/40941/1/rm24
Oktaviani, S. (2020). Pengaruh Jumlah Pengguna Layanan dan Konsumsi Rumah Tangga Untuk Telekomunikasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia (Tesis, Universitas Jember, Jawa Timur, Indonesia)
Prasetyo, R. B., & Firdaus, M. (2009). Pengaruh Infrastruktur Pada Pertumbuhan
Ekonomi Wilayah Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pembangunan (JEKP), 2(2), 222-236
Panjaitan, H. A. M., et al. (2019). Analisis Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Inklusif Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pembangunan, 8(1): 43-61
PT PLN Persero. (2020). PLN Statistic, Jakarta
Raychaudhuri, A., & De, P. (2010). Trade, Infrastructure And Income Inequality In Selected Asian Countries: An Empirical Analysis. Asia-
Pacific Research And Training Network On Trade Working Paper Series, 82, 1-33
Sadono, S. (2010). Ekonomi Pembangunan Proses, Masalah, dan dasar kebijakan. Jakarta: Lembaga Penerbit Penata Media Group
Sjafrizal. (2008). Ekonomi Regional: Teori dan Aplikasi. Padang: Baduose Media
Seneviratne, D., & Sun, Y. (2013). Infrastructure And Income Distribution In ASEAN-5: What Are The Links?. International Monetary Fund Working Paper 13/41. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2016/12/31/Infrastructure-and-Income-Distribution-in-ASEAN-5-What-are-the-Links-40316
Setiadi, E. (2006). Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Dasar Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional: 8 Provinsi Di Pulau Sumatera. (Tesis, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Sidik, A. P. (2011), Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Jalan Dan Listrik Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Kalimantan Tahun 1994 – 2008. (Tesis, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia)
Sukwika, T. (2018). Peran Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Ketimpangan Ekonomi Antar Wilayah Di Indonesia. Jurnal Wilayah Dan Lingkungan , 6(2), 115-130
Suriani & Keusuma, C. N. (2015). Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Dasar Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di 26 Provinsi Di Indonesia. ECOsains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 4(1), 1-18. doi: 10.24036/ecosains.10962757.00
Timilsina, G., et al. (2020). Infrastructure, Economic Growth, And Poverty (Policy Research Working Paper 9258). Washington D.C.: World Bank
Widarjono, A. (2007). Ekonometrika: Teori Dan Aplikasi Untuk Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, Edisi Kedua. Yogyakarta: Ekonisia FE Universitas Islam Indonesia
Winey, A. R., & Siregar, S. (2019). Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Kalimantan Selatan. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan (JIEP), 2(4), 915-924
Yogaswara, A. R. (2015). Peranan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi (TIK) Dalam Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Negara-Negara Berkembang. Jakarta: Pusdiklat Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia