Main Article Content
Abstract
A survey was carried out to assess the opportunities and barriers for farmers to adopt intercropping and crop rotations in the uplands of Prey Veng and Svay Rieng provinces in South-Eastern of Cambodia. Survey methods with 37 respondents in Prey Veng and 39 respondents in Svay Rieng. Epidata Software was used to build a data entry template and the data was further exported into SPSS Software for final cleaning and analysis. Each province has differences in agricultural cultivation and crop types. Majority of agricultural land is owned by farmers in Prey Veng province at 78.4% and Svay Rieng province at 74.4%, while rental land is 21.6-25.6%. The practices of crop rotation and intercropping systems is very low, crop rotation at 5.1-13.5% and intercropping at 2.6-5.4%. Own land ownership and practices of crop rotation/intercropping in Prey Veng province are higher than in Svay Rieng province. Obstacles to the adoption of intercropping between provinces are different, in Svay Rieng Province are lack of access to irrigation, lack of access to markets, labor and credit; while in the province of Svay Rieng are small field size, lack of market, lack of land ownership and lack of credit. In both provinces is the suitability of the technologies to the region and the high level of complexity. The barriers to adoption, especially lack of markets, labour and credit suggest the need for greater engagement of the private sector for the provision of advice and support.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2024 Pin Tara, Men Sarom, Huon Thavarak, Ro Sophoanrith, San Kong, Hendri Bustamam

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References
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- Li, Y. , et al. (2021). Climate Change And Cover Crop Effects On Water Use Efficiency Of A Corn-Soybean Rotation System. Agricultural Water Management, 255(107042): 1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107042
- Liu, X., et al. (2017b). Response Of Soil Organic Carbon Content To Crop Rotation And Its Controls: A Global Synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 335(108017), 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2022.108017
- Liu, X., et al. (2017a). Changes In Light Environment, Morphology, Growth And Yield Of Soybean In Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems Field Crops Research, 200(1), 38-46. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.003
- Martin, M.O, et al. (2018). The New Green Revolution: Sustainable Intensification Of Agriculture By Intercropping. Science Of The Total Environment, 615(1), 767-772. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.024
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- Martin-Guay, M., et al. (2018). The New Green Revolution: Sustainable Intensification Of Agriculture By Intercropping. Science Of The Total Environment, 615(1), 767-772. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.024
- Mignouna, B., et al. (2011). Determinants Of Adoptingimazapyr-Resistant Maize Technology And Its Impact On Household Income In Western Kenya: Agbioforum, 14(3), 158-163. Retrieved from https://agbioforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/AgBioForum-14-3-158.pdf
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- Ministry of Planning (2021). Statistical Yearbook of Cambodia 2021. Cambodia: National Institute of Statistic, Ministry of Planning, Cambodia. Retrieved from https://nis.gov.kh/nis/yearbooks/StatisticalYearbookofCambodia2021.pdf
- Mohler, C.L. (2019). Introduction To Crop Rotation. In C.L. Mohler And S. Ellen Johnson (Eds.), Crop Rotation On Organic Farms A Planning Manual. The Sustainable Agriculture Research And Education (SARE). Plant and Life Sciences Publishing (PALS). Retrieved from https://www.sare.org/wp-content/uploads/Crop-Rotation-on-Organic-Farms.pdf
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- Oostendorp, R.H. & Zaal, F. (2012). Land Acquisition And The Adoption Of Soil And Water Conservation Techniques: A Dur Analysis For Kenya And The Philippines, World Development, 40 (6), 1240-1254. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.001ation
- Ouyang, C., et al. (2017). Productivity, Economic, And Environmental Benefits In Intercropping Of Maize With Chili And Grass. Agronomy, 109(5), 2407-2414. doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.10.0579
- Peuo, V., et al. (2021). Economic Analysis Of Cassava Production In Cambodia. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 17(1), 277-290. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vibol-Peuo/publication/353803942_Economic_analysis_of_cassava_production_in_Cambodia/links/611293710c2bfa282a370725/Economic-analysis-of-cassava-production-in-Cambodia.pdf
- Phommasack, T., Sengtaheuanghung, O., & Phanthaboun, K.(1996). The Management Of Sloping Lands For Sustainable Agriculture In Laos. In: A. Sajjapongse A; R.N. Leslie (eds). The Management of Sloping Lands In Asia. IBSRAM/ASIALAND Network Document IBSRAM, Bangkok, Thailand. 20(1), 109–136. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/y2413e/y2413e0g.htm#TopOfPage
- Putthacharoen S., et al. (1998). Nutrient Uptake And Soil Erosion Losses In Cassava And Six Other Crops In A Psamment In Eastern Thailand. Field Crops Research 57(1), 113–126. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00119-6
- Radovic-Markovic, M.., Kabir, S. and Jovicic, E. (2020). Gender And Technology Adoption Among Farmer In Bangladesh. International Review, 3(4), 12-28. Retrieved from https://doaj.org/article/d73cb6da6990490da2ca6db3eb3f6fc0
- Siem, N.T. (1992). Organic Matter Recycling For Soil Improvement In Vietnam. In: Proceedings Of The 4th Annual Meeting IBSRAM-Asialand Network, Bangkok, Thailand. (pp. 184-194). Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/y2413e/y2413e0g.htm
- Sopheap , U., Patanothai, A., & T.M. Aye, TM. (2012). Unveiling Constraints To Cassava Production In Cambodia: An Analysis From Farmers’ Yield Variations. International Journal Of Plant Production. 6(4), 409-428. doi: 10.22069/ijpp.2012.757
- Tanveer, A. R. M. Ikram, & H.H. Ali. (2019). Crop Rotation: Principles and Practices. In M. Hasanuzaman (Ed.): Agronomic Crops, 2(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9783-8
- Thomas W., T. W. Kuyper & S. Adjei-Nsiah (2017). Intercropping And Crop Rotations. In C. Hershey, C. (ed) Cassava Cultivation: A Production Systems Approach. International Institute Of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ghana. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited. Sawston Cambridge 1(16), 355-374. Retrieved from https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/intercropping-and-crop-rotations-in-cassava-cultivation-a-product
- Touch, V., et al. (2019) Building Farming Resilience To Climate Change: Upland Crop Production In Northwest Cambodia. Proceedings, 36(1): 157-158. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019036157
- Tufa. A.H., et al. (2022). Gender Differences In Technology Adoption And Agricultural Productivity: Evidence From Malawi, World Development, 159(1), 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106027
- Zeng, D., et al. (2018). Land Ownership And Technology Adoption Revisited: Improved Maize Varieties In Ethiopia, Land Use Policy, 72(2018), 270-279. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.047
References
Abaca, A. et al. (2021). Evaluation Of Newly Released Cassava Varieties For Yield Performance, Reactions To Cassava Diseases And Farmers’ Preference In Adjumani District Of Uganda. Journal of Agricultural Science, 13(4), 84-92. doi:10.5539/jas.v13n4p84
Abdulai, A., Owusu, V., & Goetz, R. (2011). Land Tenure Differences And Investment In Land Improvement Measures: Theoretical And Empirical Analyses. Journal of Development. Economics, 96 (1), 66-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.08.002
Adams, A, & Jumpah, T. (2021). Agricultural Technologies Adoption And Smallholder Farmers’ Welfare: Evidence From Northern Ghana. Cogent Economics & Finance, 9(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1080/23322039.2021.2006905
Akudugu, M., Guo, E., & Dadzie, S. (2012). Adoption Of Modern Agricultural Production Technologies By Farmhouseholds In Ghana: What Factors Influence Their Decisions?. Journal Of Biology, Agriculture And Healthcare, 2(3), 1-14. Retrieved from https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/1522
Awotide , B.A., Karimov, A.A., & Diagne, A. (2016). Agricultural Technology Adoption, Commercialization and Smallholder Rice Farmers' Welfare in Rural Nigeria, Agricultural and Food Economic, 4(3), 1–24. doi: 10.1186/s40100-016-0047-8
Beban, A. & C. Gironde (2023). Surviving Cassava, Smallholder Farmer Strategies For Coping With Market Volatility In Cambodia. Journal Of Land Use Science, 18(1), 109-127. doi: 10.1080/1747423X.2023.2190744
Begho, T., et al. (2022). A Systematic Review Of Factors That Influence Farmers' Adoption Of Sustainable Crop Farming Practices: Lessons For Sustainable Nitrogen Management In South Asia. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 1(2), 149–160. doi: 10.1002/sae2.12016
Cenpukdee, U. & Fukai, S. (1992). Agronomic Modification Of Competition Between Cassava And Pigeonpea In Intercropping. Field Crops Research, 30(1-2), 131-146. doi: 10.1016/0378-4290(92)90062-E
Dettweiler, M., et al. (2023) Cassava-Legume Intercropping Is More Beneficial In Low-Input Systems: A Meta-Analysis. Field Crops Research, 300(109005). doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109005
Ghimire , R., Huang, W.C., & Shrestha, R.B. (2015) Factors Affecting Adoption Of Improved Rice Varieties Among Rural Farm Households In Central Nepal, Rice Science, 22(1), 35 – 43. doi: 10.1016/j.rsci.2015.05.006
Jensen, E.S., Carlsson, G., & Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. (2020) Intercropping Of Grain Legumes And Cereals Improves The Use Of Soil N Resources And Reduces The Requirement For Synthetic Fertilizer N: A Global-Scale Analysis. Agronomy For Sustainable Development 40(5), 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s13593-020-0607-x
Honeycutt, C. W., Clapham, W.M., & Leach, S.S. (1995). Influence Of Crop Rotation On Selected Chemical And Physical Soil Properties In Potato Cropping Systems. American Potato Journal, 72(1), 721-735. doi: 10.1007/BF02849157
Howeler, R.H. (2014). Sustainable Soil And Crop Management Of Cassava In Asia. Cali, CO: Centro Internacional De Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10568/51590
Howeler, R.H. (2001). Nutrient Inputs And Losses In Cassava-Based Cropping Systems- Examples From Vietnam And Thailand. Proceedings Of An International Workshop On Nutrient Balances For Sustainable Agricultural Production And Natural Resource Management In Southeast Asia. 20-22 February 2001, Bangkok, Thailand pp. 108-139. Retrieved from http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_CIAT/10_20HOWELER_20_RS_2012_10_.pdf
Kadigi, R.M., Kashaigili, J.J., & Mdoe, N.S. (2004). The Economics Of Irrigated Paddy In Usangu Basin In Tanzania: Water Utilization, Productivity, Income And Livelihood Implications , Economics, Environmental Science; Physics And Chemistry Of The Earth, 29(15-18), 1091 – 1100. doi: 10.1016/j.pce.2004.08.010
Kariyasa, K. & Dewi, A. (2011). Analysis Of Factors Affecting Adoption Of Integrated Crop Management Farmerfield School (Icm-Ffs) In Swampy Areas. International Journal Of Food And Agricultural Economics, 1(2), 29-38. doi: 10.22004/ag.econ.160092
Kato, F. (2019). Geographic Distribution Of Indigenous Rice-Cultivation Techniques And Their Expansion In Tanzania, Tropical Agriculture And Development, 63(1), 18 – 26. doi: 10.11248/jsta.63.18
Lavison, R. (2013). Factors Influencing The Adoption Of Organic Fertilizers In Vegetable Production In Accra (Thesis, University of Accra, Accra, Ghana). Retrieved from http://197.255.68.203/handle/123456789/5410
Legodi, K.D. & Ogola, J.B.O. (2020). Cassava-Legume Intercrop: II. Effects Of Relative Planting Dates Of Legumes On Theproductivity Of Legumes. Acta Agrisia Agricultura Scandinavia, Section B-Soil & Plant Sccience, 70(2), 158–164. doi: 10.1080/09064710.2019.1683222
Li, Y. , et al. (2021). Climate Change And Cover Crop Effects On Water Use Efficiency Of A Corn-Soybean Rotation System. Agricultural Water Management, 255(107042): 1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107042
Liu, X., et al. (2017b). Response Of Soil Organic Carbon Content To Crop Rotation And Its Controls: A Global Synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 335(108017), 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2022.108017
Liu, X., et al. (2017a). Changes In Light Environment, Morphology, Growth And Yield Of Soybean In Maize-Soybean Intercropping Systems Field Crops Research, 200(1), 38-46. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.10.003
Martin, M.O, et al. (2018). The New Green Revolution: Sustainable Intensification Of Agriculture By Intercropping. Science Of The Total Environment, 615(1), 767-772. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.024
Martin. B. (2023). Cassava Cultivation Situation. Asean Centre Cassava News. Retrieved from https://sustainablecassava.org/national-centre/article/cambodia-cultivation/. Downloaded at January 17th., 2024
Martin-Guay, M., et al. (2018). The New Green Revolution: Sustainable Intensification Of Agriculture By Intercropping. Science Of The Total Environment, 615(1), 767-772. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.024
Mignouna, B., et al. (2011). Determinants Of Adoptingimazapyr-Resistant Maize Technology And Its Impact On Household Income In Western Kenya: Agbioforum, 14(3), 158-163. Retrieved from https://agbioforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/AgBioForum-14-3-158.pdf
Mingotte, F.L.C., et al. (2021). Maize Yield Under Urochloa Ruziziensis Intercropping And Previous Crop Nitrogen Fertilization. Agronomy Journal, 113(1), 1681-1690. doi: 10.1002/agj2.20567
Ministry of Planning (2021). Statistical Yearbook of Cambodia 2021. Cambodia: National Institute of Statistic, Ministry of Planning, Cambodia. Retrieved from https://nis.gov.kh/nis/yearbooks/StatisticalYearbookofCambodia2021.pdf
Mohler, C.L. (2019). Introduction To Crop Rotation. In C.L. Mohler And S. Ellen Johnson (Eds.), Crop Rotation On Organic Farms A Planning Manual. The Sustainable Agriculture Research And Education (SARE). Plant and Life Sciences Publishing (PALS). Retrieved from https://www.sare.org/wp-content/uploads/Crop-Rotation-on-Organic-Farms.pdf
Mwangi, M., & Kariuki, S. (2015). Factors Determining The Adoption Of New Agricultural Technology By Small Scale Farmers In Developing Countries. Journal Of Economics And Sustainable Development, 6(5), 208-216. doi: 10.7176/JESD
Oostendorp, R.H. & Zaal, F. (2012). Land Acquisition And The Adoption Of Soil And Water Conservation Techniques: A Dur Analysis For Kenya And The Philippines, World Development, 40 (6), 1240-1254. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.001ation
Ouyang, C., et al. (2017). Productivity, Economic, And Environmental Benefits In Intercropping Of Maize With Chili And Grass. Agronomy, 109(5), 2407-2414. doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.10.0579
Peuo, V., et al. (2021). Economic Analysis Of Cassava Production In Cambodia. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 17(1), 277-290. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Vibol-Peuo/publication/353803942_Economic_analysis_of_cassava_production_in_Cambodia/links/611293710c2bfa282a370725/Economic-analysis-of-cassava-production-in-Cambodia.pdf
Phommasack, T., Sengtaheuanghung, O., & Phanthaboun, K.(1996). The Management Of Sloping Lands For Sustainable Agriculture In Laos. In: A. Sajjapongse A; R.N. Leslie (eds). The Management of Sloping Lands In Asia. IBSRAM/ASIALAND Network Document IBSRAM, Bangkok, Thailand. 20(1), 109–136. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/y2413e/y2413e0g.htm#TopOfPage
Putthacharoen S., et al. (1998). Nutrient Uptake And Soil Erosion Losses In Cassava And Six Other Crops In A Psamment In Eastern Thailand. Field Crops Research 57(1), 113–126. doi: 10.1016/S0378-4290(97)00119-6
Radovic-Markovic, M.., Kabir, S. and Jovicic, E. (2020). Gender And Technology Adoption Among Farmer In Bangladesh. International Review, 3(4), 12-28. Retrieved from https://doaj.org/article/d73cb6da6990490da2ca6db3eb3f6fc0
Siem, N.T. (1992). Organic Matter Recycling For Soil Improvement In Vietnam. In: Proceedings Of The 4th Annual Meeting IBSRAM-Asialand Network, Bangkok, Thailand. (pp. 184-194). Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/y2413e/y2413e0g.htm
Sopheap , U., Patanothai, A., & T.M. Aye, TM. (2012). Unveiling Constraints To Cassava Production In Cambodia: An Analysis From Farmers’ Yield Variations. International Journal Of Plant Production. 6(4), 409-428. doi: 10.22069/ijpp.2012.757
Tanveer, A. R. M. Ikram, & H.H. Ali. (2019). Crop Rotation: Principles and Practices. In M. Hasanuzaman (Ed.): Agronomic Crops, 2(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1007/978-981-32-9783-8
Thomas W., T. W. Kuyper & S. Adjei-Nsiah (2017). Intercropping And Crop Rotations. In C. Hershey, C. (ed) Cassava Cultivation: A Production Systems Approach. International Institute Of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ghana. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited. Sawston Cambridge 1(16), 355-374. Retrieved from https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/intercropping-and-crop-rotations-in-cassava-cultivation-a-product
Touch, V., et al. (2019) Building Farming Resilience To Climate Change: Upland Crop Production In Northwest Cambodia. Proceedings, 36(1): 157-158. doi: 10.3390/proceedings2019036157
Tufa. A.H., et al. (2022). Gender Differences In Technology Adoption And Agricultural Productivity: Evidence From Malawi, World Development, 159(1), 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106027
Zeng, D., et al. (2018). Land Ownership And Technology Adoption Revisited: Improved Maize Varieties In Ethiopia, Land Use Policy, 72(2018), 270-279. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.12.047