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June 5, 2024
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September 24, 2024
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Abstract
Smart postharvest technology in the form of Controlled Atmosphere Storage (CAS) is needed to increase the shelf life of shallot. However, the application of CAS requires high investment costs related to the initial setup such as land, warehouse, CAS, and CAS supporting equipment. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the benefits and costs for farmers' welfare reflected by adding the amount of farming margin and income from other sources considering the time adjustment. This study aims to build a dynamic model for the application of CAS technology in shallot farming and evaluate its costs and benefits for farmers' welfare. The method used is the integration of cost and benefit analysis into a dynamic system model. The results showed that shallot farmers’ income is very sensitive to price changes and increasing storage costs. Hence, adopting CAS technology could mitigate some of these effects by reducing post-harvest losses and allowing farmers to store their production in favorable situations. Moreover, the CAS model showed that in the management level, CAS could be feasible (in terms of NPV, IRR, and Net B/C), if the storage cost is at least IDR 2.000/kg. According to the minimum profit limit for farmers, the maximum storage cost is IDR 1.500/kg, which makes the CAS unfeasible to run. The successful adoption of CAS is contingent upon substantial financial support from both private-sector investors and government entities. Therefore, the CAS technology is more appropriate for adoption by stakeholders in the food industry who require a consistent year-round supply of shallots.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Herawati, Yanti Nuraeni Muflikh, Nia Rosiana, Triana Gita Dewi
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How to Cite
Feasibility Model Of Controlled Atmosphere Storage Implementation For Shallot Farmers In West Java. (2024). Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 23(02), 591–622. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.23.02.591-622
References
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Algieri, B., Kornher, L., & Von B. J. (2024). The Changing Drivers Of Food Inflation–Macroeconomics, Inflation, And War. Center For Development Research, 24(5), 339-370. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4748639
Arafah, S. N., Ayu, S. F., & Wibowo, R. P. (2022). The Effect Of Behavior And Characteristics Of Shallot Farmers On Production Risk In Deli Serdang District. Randwick International Of Social Science Journal, 3(4), 870-877. doi: 10.47175/rissj.v3i4.509
Arshad, M. O., et al. (2022). Advancements In Controlled Atmosphere Storage Technology—A Review. Second International Conference In Mechanical And Energy Technology, 6(1), 399-410.. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-0108-9_42
Asriadi, A. A., & Husain, N. (2022). An Analytic Study Of Institutional Development Model Of Shallot Agribusiness Farmers In Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 21(2), 331-348. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.21.2.331-348
Bleichrodt, H., et al. (2021). Testing Dynamic Consistency And Consequentialism Under Ambiguity. European Economic Review, 134(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103687
Bodbodak, S., & Moshfeghifar, M. (2016). Advances In Controlled Atmosphere Storage Of Fruits And Vegetables. In Eco-Friendly Technology For Postharvest Produce Quality, 2(1), 39-76. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804313-4.00002-5
Cahyaningrum, H., et al. (2023). The Effect Of Cultivation Habits On The Growth And Yield Of Several Shallot Varieties. In E3S Web of Conferences, (pp. 1-6). doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202337303008
Chandra, M. J., & Bahner, M. L. (1985). The Effects Of Inflation And The Time Value Of Money On Some Inventory Systems. International Journal Of Production Research, 23(4), 723-730. doi: 10.1080/00207548508904740
Chhogyel, N., Kumar, L., Bajgai, Y. (2020). Consequences Of Climate Change Impacts And Incidences Of Extreme Weather Events In Relation To Crop Production In Bhutan. Sustainability, 12(10), 4319-4350, doi: 10.3390/SU12104319
Espíndola, B. P., Marcelino, R., Crotti, Y. (2022). Controlled Atmosphere And Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere For Fuzzy Logic-Based Banana Storage. Brazilian Journal Of Development, 8(12), 77544-77564. doi: 10.34117/bjdv8n12-053
Gittinger, J. P. (1986). Analisis Ekonomi Proyek-Proyek Pertanian Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: UI Press
Goodman, M. S. & Thompson, V. L. S. (2017). The Science Of Stakeholder Engagement In Research: Classification, Implementation, And Evaluation. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 7(3), 486-491. doi: 10.1007/s13142-017-0495-z
Guerrini, C. J., Brooks, W. B., & McCurdy, S. A. (2022). Pirate Talk: Navigating Practical, Ethical, And Legal Issues Associated With Biomedical Citizen Science Interview Studies. Citizen Science: Theory And Practice, 7(1), 18-42. doi: 10.5334/cstp.529
Gunarathna, R. T., & Bandara, Y. M. (2020). Post Harvest Losses And The Role Of Intermediaries In The Vegetable Supply Chain. In 2020 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon) (pp. 378-383). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/MERCon50084.2020.9185197
Hidayah, B. N., et al. (2023). The Impact Of Weather Anomalies On Shallot Seed Production In West Lombok, Indonesia. E3S Web Of Conferences, 373(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202337303003
Ikegaya, A., et al. (2023). Controlled Atmosphere Maintains The Quality Of Certain Fresh Produce In Mixed Cargo Shipments. Journal Of Food Process Engineering, 46(4), 22-44. doi: 10.1111/jfpe.14297
Jarvis, K. F. & Kelley, J. B. (2021). Temporal Dynamics Of Viral Load And False Negative Rate Influence The Levels Of Testing Necessary To Combat Covid-19 Spread. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88498-9
Koenker, R. & Zhang, X. (2006). Quantile Autoregression. Journal Of The American Statistical Association, 101(475), 980-990. doi: 10.1198/016214506000000672
Kumar, M., Shaikh, A. S., & Bansal, R. (2023). Seasonality Analysis Of Onion With Special Reference To Wholesale Markets Of Gujarat. Indian Journal Of Economics & Devlopement, 19(1), 188-194. doi: 10.35716/ijed/22103
Luckyardi, S., et al. (2022). Marketing Strategy For Local Superior Commodities And Regional Economic Contributions Of Indonesia. Journal Of Eastern European And Central Asian Research, 9(1), 1-9. doi: 10.15549/jeecar.v9i1.866
Maani, K. E., & Cavana, R. Y. (2007). Systems Thinking, System Dynamics: Managing Change And Complexity. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall
Magfiroh, I. S., et al. (2018). Respon Harga Produsen Terhadap Perubahan Harga Konsumen Bawang Merah Di Indonesia. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 10(3), 7-15. doi: 10.19184/jsep.v10i3.6481
Maharijaya, A., Harti, H., & Sobir. (2015). Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Penyimpanan Bawang Merah Menggunakan Gudang Berpendingin. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perhorti 2014, 603(2), 603-609. Retrieved from https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122323/records/647473052d3f560f80ab5260
Mickens, R. E. (2010). A Note On A Non-Standard Finite Difference Scheme For The Relugax−Y−Zmodel. Journal Of Difference Equations And Applications, 16(12), 1501-1504. doi: 10.1080/10236190902873813
Mohan, A., et al. (2023). Management Of Postharvest Losses And Wastages In The Indian Tomato Supply Chain—A Temperature-Controlled Storage Perspective. Sustainability, 15(2), 1331, 1-18. doi: 10.3390/su15021331
Muflikh, Y. N., Smith, C., & Aziz, A. A. (2021). A Systematic Review Of The Contribution Of System Dynamics To Value Chain Analysis In Agricultural Development. Agricultural Systems, 189 (1), 1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103044
Nurmalina R, Sarianti T, Karyadi A. (2009). Studi Kelayakan Bisnis. Bogor: IPB Press
Permani, R., et al. (2023). The Policy Landscape And Supply Chain Governance Of The Indonesian Seaweed Industry: A Focus On South Sulawesi. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18299.69921
Prasad, S., et al. (2023). Investigation Of The Factors That Contribute To Fresh Fruit And Vegetable Losses In The Australian Fresh Food Supply Chain. Processes, 11(4), 1154-1172. doi: 10.3390/pr11041154
Priyadarshi, R., Routroy, S., & Garg, G. K. (2020). Postharvest Supply Chain Losses: A State-Of-The-Art Literature Review And Bibliometric Analysis. Journal Of Advances In Management Research, 18(3), 443-467. doi: 10.1108/JAMR-03-2020-0040
Pusdatin. (2023). Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Hortikultura Bawang Merah. Pusat Data Dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian: Kementerian Pertanian
Puspitasari., et al. (2022). Investigating The Entrepreneurial Behaviour Of Farmers To Encourage The Development Of Horticultural Agribusiness Clusters: The Case Of Shallot Farmers In Solok Regency, West Sumatera. In IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 1063(1), 105-118. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012038
Rahayu, H. S., Muchtar, M., & Saidah, S. (2019). The Feasibility And Farmer Perception Of True Shallot Seed Technology In Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian Journal Of Agriculture, 3(1), 16-21. doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g03103
Reed, M. S., et al. (2009). Who's In And Why? A Typology Of Stakeholder Analysis Methods For Natural Resource Management. Journal Of Environmental Management, 90(5), 1933-1949. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.001
Rich, K. M., et al. (2011). Quantifying Value Chain Analysis In The Context Of Livestock Systems In Developing Countries. Food Policy, 36(2), 214-222. doi: 0.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.018
Saidah, Z., Hartoyo, S., & Asmarantaka, R. W. (2020). Change On Production And Income Of Red Chili Farmers. In IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 466(1), 1223-12044. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/466/1/012003
Salmiah., et al. (2020). Production Risk, Price And Income Analysis On Shallot Hatchery Business (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum)(Case: Medan Marelan District, Medan City). Earth And Environmental Science, 454(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012009
Schudel, S., et al. (2023). Solution Roadmap To Reduce Food Loss Along Your Postharvest Supply Chain From Farm To Retail. Food Packaging And Shelf Life, 36(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101057
Seetharaman, B. (2016). Sampling And Methods Of Data Collection In Qualitative Research. Indian Journal Of Continuing Nursing Education, 17(2), 41-47. https://journals.lww.com/ijcn/fulltext/2016/17020/sampling_and_methods_of_data_collection_in.6.aspx
Sopha, G. A., et al. (2023). Shallot Cultural Practices In Indonesia. In International Scientific Conference Fundamental And Applied Scientific Research In The Development Of Agriculture In The Far East. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 733(2), 379-388. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-37978-9_37
Sterman, J. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking And Modeling For A Complex World. Mcgraw-Hill: Boston
Suswadi, S., & Prasetyo, A. (2022). Factors Affecting The Income Of Organic Shallot Farmers In Boyolali Regency. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1001(012032), 1-6. IOP Publishing. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1001/1/012032
Thompson, A. K., et al. (2018). Controlled Atmosphere Storage Of Fruit And Vegetables. Boston: CABI. doi: 10.1079/9781845936464.0000
Tomlins, K., et al. (2016). Reducing Postharvest Losses In The OIC Member Countries. COMCEC Agricultural Working Group, 1-194. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/16153
Tuffa, A. C. (2016). Supply And Value Chain Analyses Of Warqe Food Products In Relation To Post-Harvest Losses. Department Of Energy And Technology. Swedish: University Of Agricultural Sciences. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/13219/1/chaka_a_160324.pdf.pdf
Ukoha, A. H. (2020). Assessment Of The Cost-Benefits Of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Of Cassava-Based Farmers In Southern Nigeria. International Journal Of Environment And Climate Change, 10(10), 99-110. doi: 10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1030253
Van G. J. B., et al. (2013). Feasibility Of A Network Of Excellence Postharvest Food Losses: Combining Knowledge And Competences To Reduce Food Losses In Developing And Emerging Economies (No. 1402). Wageningen UR-Food & Biobased Research. Retrieved from https://edepot.wur.nl/258187
Waseso, R. (2019). Perum Bulog Investasikan Rp 25 Miliar untuk Penyimpanan Bawang Merah. https://regional.kontan.co.id/news/perum-bulog-investasikan-rp-25-miliar-untuk-penyimpanan-bawang-merah
Wibowo, H. E., Novanda, R. R. (2023). Analisis Volatilitas Harga Komoditas Hortikultura Strategis Di Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal Bisnis Tani, 9(1), 1-12. doi: 10.35308/jbt.v9i1.7229
Yahia, E. M., Fonseca, J. M., & Kitinoja, L. (2019). Postharvest Losses And Waste. Postharvest Technology Of Perishable Horticultural Commodities, 2(1), 43-69. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813276-0.00002-X
References
Algieri, B., Kornher, L., & Von B. J. (2024). The Changing Drivers Of Food Inflation–Macroeconomics, Inflation, And War. Center For Development Research, 24(5), 339-370. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4748639
Arafah, S. N., Ayu, S. F., & Wibowo, R. P. (2022). The Effect Of Behavior And Characteristics Of Shallot Farmers On Production Risk In Deli Serdang District. Randwick International Of Social Science Journal, 3(4), 870-877. doi: 10.47175/rissj.v3i4.509
Arshad, M. O., et al. (2022). Advancements In Controlled Atmosphere Storage Technology—A Review. Second International Conference In Mechanical And Energy Technology, 6(1), 399-410.. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-0108-9_42
Asriadi, A. A., & Husain, N. (2022). An Analytic Study Of Institutional Development Model Of Shallot Agribusiness Farmers In Rumbia District, Jeneponto Regency. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 21(2), 331-348. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.21.2.331-348
Bleichrodt, H., et al. (2021). Testing Dynamic Consistency And Consequentialism Under Ambiguity. European Economic Review, 134(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2021.103687
Bodbodak, S., & Moshfeghifar, M. (2016). Advances In Controlled Atmosphere Storage Of Fruits And Vegetables. In Eco-Friendly Technology For Postharvest Produce Quality, 2(1), 39-76. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804313-4.00002-5
Cahyaningrum, H., et al. (2023). The Effect Of Cultivation Habits On The Growth And Yield Of Several Shallot Varieties. In E3S Web of Conferences, (pp. 1-6). doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202337303008
Chandra, M. J., & Bahner, M. L. (1985). The Effects Of Inflation And The Time Value Of Money On Some Inventory Systems. International Journal Of Production Research, 23(4), 723-730. doi: 10.1080/00207548508904740
Chhogyel, N., Kumar, L., Bajgai, Y. (2020). Consequences Of Climate Change Impacts And Incidences Of Extreme Weather Events In Relation To Crop Production In Bhutan. Sustainability, 12(10), 4319-4350, doi: 10.3390/SU12104319
Espíndola, B. P., Marcelino, R., Crotti, Y. (2022). Controlled Atmosphere And Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere For Fuzzy Logic-Based Banana Storage. Brazilian Journal Of Development, 8(12), 77544-77564. doi: 10.34117/bjdv8n12-053
Gittinger, J. P. (1986). Analisis Ekonomi Proyek-Proyek Pertanian Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: UI Press
Goodman, M. S. & Thompson, V. L. S. (2017). The Science Of Stakeholder Engagement In Research: Classification, Implementation, And Evaluation. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 7(3), 486-491. doi: 10.1007/s13142-017-0495-z
Guerrini, C. J., Brooks, W. B., & McCurdy, S. A. (2022). Pirate Talk: Navigating Practical, Ethical, And Legal Issues Associated With Biomedical Citizen Science Interview Studies. Citizen Science: Theory And Practice, 7(1), 18-42. doi: 10.5334/cstp.529
Gunarathna, R. T., & Bandara, Y. M. (2020). Post Harvest Losses And The Role Of Intermediaries In The Vegetable Supply Chain. In 2020 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon) (pp. 378-383). IEEE. doi: 10.1109/MERCon50084.2020.9185197
Hidayah, B. N., et al. (2023). The Impact Of Weather Anomalies On Shallot Seed Production In West Lombok, Indonesia. E3S Web Of Conferences, 373(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202337303003
Ikegaya, A., et al. (2023). Controlled Atmosphere Maintains The Quality Of Certain Fresh Produce In Mixed Cargo Shipments. Journal Of Food Process Engineering, 46(4), 22-44. doi: 10.1111/jfpe.14297
Jarvis, K. F. & Kelley, J. B. (2021). Temporal Dynamics Of Viral Load And False Negative Rate Influence The Levels Of Testing Necessary To Combat Covid-19 Spread. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88498-9
Koenker, R. & Zhang, X. (2006). Quantile Autoregression. Journal Of The American Statistical Association, 101(475), 980-990. doi: 10.1198/016214506000000672
Kumar, M., Shaikh, A. S., & Bansal, R. (2023). Seasonality Analysis Of Onion With Special Reference To Wholesale Markets Of Gujarat. Indian Journal Of Economics & Devlopement, 19(1), 188-194. doi: 10.35716/ijed/22103
Luckyardi, S., et al. (2022). Marketing Strategy For Local Superior Commodities And Regional Economic Contributions Of Indonesia. Journal Of Eastern European And Central Asian Research, 9(1), 1-9. doi: 10.15549/jeecar.v9i1.866
Maani, K. E., & Cavana, R. Y. (2007). Systems Thinking, System Dynamics: Managing Change And Complexity. New York: Pearson Prentice Hall
Magfiroh, I. S., et al. (2018). Respon Harga Produsen Terhadap Perubahan Harga Konsumen Bawang Merah Di Indonesia. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 10(3), 7-15. doi: 10.19184/jsep.v10i3.6481
Maharijaya, A., Harti, H., & Sobir. (2015). Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Penyimpanan Bawang Merah Menggunakan Gudang Berpendingin. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perhorti 2014, 603(2), 603-609. Retrieved from https://agris.fao.org/search/en/providers/122323/records/647473052d3f560f80ab5260
Mickens, R. E. (2010). A Note On A Non-Standard Finite Difference Scheme For The Relugax−Y−Zmodel. Journal Of Difference Equations And Applications, 16(12), 1501-1504. doi: 10.1080/10236190902873813
Mohan, A., et al. (2023). Management Of Postharvest Losses And Wastages In The Indian Tomato Supply Chain—A Temperature-Controlled Storage Perspective. Sustainability, 15(2), 1331, 1-18. doi: 10.3390/su15021331
Muflikh, Y. N., Smith, C., & Aziz, A. A. (2021). A Systematic Review Of The Contribution Of System Dynamics To Value Chain Analysis In Agricultural Development. Agricultural Systems, 189 (1), 1-22. doi: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103044
Nurmalina R, Sarianti T, Karyadi A. (2009). Studi Kelayakan Bisnis. Bogor: IPB Press
Permani, R., et al. (2023). The Policy Landscape And Supply Chain Governance Of The Indonesian Seaweed Industry: A Focus On South Sulawesi. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18299.69921
Prasad, S., et al. (2023). Investigation Of The Factors That Contribute To Fresh Fruit And Vegetable Losses In The Australian Fresh Food Supply Chain. Processes, 11(4), 1154-1172. doi: 10.3390/pr11041154
Priyadarshi, R., Routroy, S., & Garg, G. K. (2020). Postharvest Supply Chain Losses: A State-Of-The-Art Literature Review And Bibliometric Analysis. Journal Of Advances In Management Research, 18(3), 443-467. doi: 10.1108/JAMR-03-2020-0040
Pusdatin. (2023). Outlook Komoditas Pertanian Subsektor Hortikultura Bawang Merah. Pusat Data Dan Sistem Informasi Pertanian: Kementerian Pertanian
Puspitasari., et al. (2022). Investigating The Entrepreneurial Behaviour Of Farmers To Encourage The Development Of Horticultural Agribusiness Clusters: The Case Of Shallot Farmers In Solok Regency, West Sumatera. In IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 1063(1), 105-118. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1063/1/012038
Rahayu, H. S., Muchtar, M., & Saidah, S. (2019). The Feasibility And Farmer Perception Of True Shallot Seed Technology In Sigi District, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian Journal Of Agriculture, 3(1), 16-21. doi: 10.13057/asianjagric/g03103
Reed, M. S., et al. (2009). Who's In And Why? A Typology Of Stakeholder Analysis Methods For Natural Resource Management. Journal Of Environmental Management, 90(5), 1933-1949. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.001
Rich, K. M., et al. (2011). Quantifying Value Chain Analysis In The Context Of Livestock Systems In Developing Countries. Food Policy, 36(2), 214-222. doi: 0.1016/j.foodpol.2010.11.018
Saidah, Z., Hartoyo, S., & Asmarantaka, R. W. (2020). Change On Production And Income Of Red Chili Farmers. In IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 466(1), 1223-12044. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/466/1/012003
Salmiah., et al. (2020). Production Risk, Price And Income Analysis On Shallot Hatchery Business (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum)(Case: Medan Marelan District, Medan City). Earth And Environmental Science, 454(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/454/1/012009
Schudel, S., et al. (2023). Solution Roadmap To Reduce Food Loss Along Your Postharvest Supply Chain From Farm To Retail. Food Packaging And Shelf Life, 36(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101057
Seetharaman, B. (2016). Sampling And Methods Of Data Collection In Qualitative Research. Indian Journal Of Continuing Nursing Education, 17(2), 41-47. https://journals.lww.com/ijcn/fulltext/2016/17020/sampling_and_methods_of_data_collection_in.6.aspx
Sopha, G. A., et al. (2023). Shallot Cultural Practices In Indonesia. In International Scientific Conference Fundamental And Applied Scientific Research In The Development Of Agriculture In The Far East. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 733(2), 379-388. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-37978-9_37
Sterman, J. (2000). Business Dynamics: Systems Thinking And Modeling For A Complex World. Mcgraw-Hill: Boston
Suswadi, S., & Prasetyo, A. (2022). Factors Affecting The Income Of Organic Shallot Farmers In Boyolali Regency. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1001(012032), 1-6. IOP Publishing. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1001/1/012032
Thompson, A. K., et al. (2018). Controlled Atmosphere Storage Of Fruit And Vegetables. Boston: CABI. doi: 10.1079/9781845936464.0000
Tomlins, K., et al. (2016). Reducing Postharvest Losses In The OIC Member Countries. COMCEC Agricultural Working Group, 1-194. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/16153
Tuffa, A. C. (2016). Supply And Value Chain Analyses Of Warqe Food Products In Relation To Post-Harvest Losses. Department Of Energy And Technology. Swedish: University Of Agricultural Sciences. https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/13219/1/chaka_a_160324.pdf.pdf
Ukoha, A. H. (2020). Assessment Of The Cost-Benefits Of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Of Cassava-Based Farmers In Southern Nigeria. International Journal Of Environment And Climate Change, 10(10), 99-110. doi: 10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1030253
Van G. J. B., et al. (2013). Feasibility Of A Network Of Excellence Postharvest Food Losses: Combining Knowledge And Competences To Reduce Food Losses In Developing And Emerging Economies (No. 1402). Wageningen UR-Food & Biobased Research. Retrieved from https://edepot.wur.nl/258187
Waseso, R. (2019). Perum Bulog Investasikan Rp 25 Miliar untuk Penyimpanan Bawang Merah. https://regional.kontan.co.id/news/perum-bulog-investasikan-rp-25-miliar-untuk-penyimpanan-bawang-merah
Wibowo, H. E., Novanda, R. R. (2023). Analisis Volatilitas Harga Komoditas Hortikultura Strategis Di Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal Bisnis Tani, 9(1), 1-12. doi: 10.35308/jbt.v9i1.7229
Yahia, E. M., Fonseca, J. M., & Kitinoja, L. (2019). Postharvest Losses And Waste. Postharvest Technology Of Perishable Horticultural Commodities, 2(1), 43-69. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813276-0.00002-X
Arafah, S. N., Ayu, S. F., & Wibowo, R. P. (2022). The Effect Of Behavior And Characteristics Of Shallot Farmers On Production Risk In Deli Serdang District. Randwick International Of Social Science Journal, 3(4), 870-877. doi: 10.47175/rissj.v3i4.509
Arshad, M. O., et al. (2022). Advancements In Controlled Atmosphere Storage Technology—A Review. Second International Conference In Mechanical And Energy Technology, 6(1), 399-410.. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-0108-9_42
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