Main Article Content

Abstract

This study aims to determine the influence of economic factors on food security in Banyumas Regency during the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has intensified vulnerabilities in Banyumas, where economic challenges, such as declining GRDP per capita, rising unemployment, and fluctuating food prices, have heightened the risk of food insecurity. As a region reliant on agriculture and local markets, Banyumas struggles to maintain food accessibility and affordability amid disrupted supply chains and reduced income levels. The research uses a descriptive analytical approach, utilizing secondary data from official reports, economic surveys, and government databases. Economic variables such as GRDP per capita, inflation, unemployment rate, and food prices are examined using a multiple linear regression model to assess their influence on food security. The analysis revealed that GRDP per capita (p = .037), unemployment rate (p = .007), and the pandemic (p = .003) significantly affect food security, while inflation approaches significance (p = .065). Interestingly, the price of staple foods, like medium rice, shows no statistically significant effect (p = .875), suggesting stabilizing measures, such as subsidies or price controls, may mitigate price volatility. With an adjusted R-squared value of 0.922, the model demonstrates strong explanatory power. The findings highlight that GRDP per capita and unemployment rates critically influence food security in the region. The study recommends that the government prioritize improving food accessibility and availability by enhancing local food production, expanding distribution channels, and bolstering food security networks.

Article Details

How to Cite
The Impact of Per Capita GRDP, Inflation, Unemployment, and Food Prices on Food Security in Banyumas Regency During The Covid-19 Pandemic . (2025). Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 24(01), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.24.01.79-102

References

    Abay, K. A., et al. (2022). Social Protection And Resilience: The Case Of The Productive Safety Net Program In Ethiopia. Food Policy, 112(7), 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2022.102367

    Aday, S., & Aday, M. S. (2020). Impact Of COVID-19 On The Food Supply Chain. Food Quality And Safety, 4(4), 167–180. doi: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa024

    Adom, P. K. (2014). Determinants Of Food Availability And Access In Ghana: What Can We Learn Beyond The Regression Results. Studies In Agricultural Economics, 116(3), 153–164. doi: 10.7896/j.1423

    Akter, S., & Basher, S. A. (2014). The Impacts Of Food Price And Income Shocks On Household Food Security And Economic Well-Being: Evidence From Rural Bangladesh. Global Environmental Change, 25(2), 150–162. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.02.003

    Alderman, J., & Harjoto, M. (2021). COVID-19: US Shelter-In-Place Orders And Demographic Characteristics Linked To Cases, Mortality, And Recovery Rates. Transforming Government: People, Process And Policy, 15(4), 627–644. doi: 10.1108/TG-06-2020-0130

    Alita, D., Putra, A. D., & Darwis, D. (2021). Analysis Of Classic Assumption Test And Multiple Linear Regression Coefficient Test For Employee Structural Office Recommendation. IJCCS (Indonesian Journal Of Computing And Cybernetics Systems), 15(3), 295–306. doi: 10.22146/ijccs.65586

    Annestrand, K., et al. (2016). The Impact Of Income Levels On Food Insecurity In Rural Communities. Undergraduate Journal Of Service Learning & Community-Based Research, 5(1), 1–8. doi: 56421/ujslcbr.v5i0.241

    Barrett, C. B. (2021). Overcoming Global Food Security Challenges Through Science And Solidarity. American Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 103(2), 422–447. doi: 10.1111/ajae.12160

    Béné, C., et al. (2021). Impacts Of Covid-19 On People’s Food Security: Foundations For A More Resilient Food System. Intl Food Policy Res Inst. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep46709

    Bhattacharya, R., & Jain, R. (2020). Can Monetary Policy Stabilise Food Inflation? Evidence From Advanced And Emerging Economies. Economic Modelling, 89(1), 122–141. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2019.10.005

    Blustein, D. L., et al. (2020). Unemployment In The Time Of COVID-19: A Research Agenda. Journal Of Vocational Behavior, 119(1), 1–4. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103436

    Bozsik, N., et al. (2022). Food Security Management In Developing Countries: Influence Of Economic Factors On Their Food Availability And Access. PloS One, 17(7), 1–24. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271696

    BPS Indonesia. (2022). Indonesia Dalam Angka 2022. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2022/02/25/0a2afea4fab72a5d052cb315/statistik-indonesia-2022.html

    BPS Kabupaten Banyumas. (2022). Kabupaten Banyumas Dalam Angka 2022. Retrieved from https://banyumaskab.bps.go.id/id/publication/2022/02/25/0b57c6a1da99bb1e54bdaec3/kabupaten-banyumas-dalam-angka-2022.html

    Candel, J. J. (2014). Food Security Governance: A Systematic Literature Review. Food Security, 6(1), 585–601. doi: 10.1007/s12571-014-0364-2

    Candelise, C., Saccone, D., & Vallino. (2021). An Empirical Assessment Of The Effects Of Electricity Access On Food Security. World Development, 141(1), 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2021.105390

    Chavas, J. P. (2017). On Food Security And The Economic Valuation Of Food. Food Policy, 69(1), 58–67. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.03.008

    De Vries, J. (2013). Between Purchasing Power And The World Of Goods: Understanding The Household Economy In Early Modern Europe. Routledge: Consumption and the World of Goods

    Devereux, S., Béné, C., & Hoddinott, J. (2020). Conceptualising COVID-19’s Impacts On Household Food Security. Food Security, 12(4), 769–772. doi: 10.1007/s12571-020-01085-0

    Dizon, F., Josephson, A., & Raju, D. (2021). Pathways To Better Nutrition In South Asia: Evidence On The Effects Of Food And Agricultural Interventions. Global Food Security, 28(1), 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100467

    Ecker, O. (2018). Agricultural Transformation And Food And Nutrition Security In Ghana: Does Farm Production Diversity (Still) Matter For Household Dietary Diversity. Food Policy, 79(1), 271–282. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.08.002

    Elbehri, A., et al. (2022). COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts On Asia And The Pacific: A Regional Review Of Socioeconomic, Agrifood And Nutrition Impacts And Policy Responses. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/3b5d915a-90d4-4a4b-9f8d-5448a023a118/content

    Endris, M. E., & Kassegn A. A. (2022). Food Insecurity And Unemployment Crisis Under COVID-19: Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 1–17. doi: 10.1080/23311886.2022.2045721

    Erokhin, V. (2017). Factors Influencing Food Markets In Developing Countries: An Approach To Assess Sustainability Of The Food Supply In Russia. Sustainability, 9(8), 1–13. doi: 3390/su9081313

    Erokhin, V., & Gao, T. (2020). Impacts Of COVID-19 On Trade And Economic Aspects Of Food Security: Evidence From 45 Developing Countries. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 17(16), 1–28. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17165775

    Etana, D., & Tolossa, D. (2017). Unemployment And Food Insecurity In Urban Ethiopia. African Development Review, 29(1), 56–68. doi: 10.1111/1467-8268.12238

    Faidi, N. F. H. M., et al. (2023). Addressing Food Insecurity Among Malaysian University Students During Covid-19: Implications For Academic Performance. Malaysian Journal Of Public Health Medicine, 23(1), 191–198. doi: 10.37268/mjphm/vol.23/no.1/art.1719

    FAO. (2020). Resources Partnerships Impact 2020. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1758c1e8-7dfe-40e4-b730-5d8866d4c3e6/content

    FAO, et al. (2021). The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World 2021. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/1c38676f-f5f7-47cf-81b3-f4c9794eba8a/content

    FAO, et al. (2020). Keadaan Ketahanan Pangan Dan Gizi Di Dunia 2020. Transformasi Sistem Pangan Untuk Pola Makan Sehat Yang Terjangkau. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/index.php?page=view&type=20000&nr=6909&menu=2993

    FAO, et al. (2022). The State Of Food Security And Nutrition In The World. Repurposing Food And Agricultural Policies To Make Healthy Diets More Affordable. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/cc0639en/cc0639en.pdf

    Fischer, R. A., Byerlee, D., & Edmeades, G. (2014). Crop Yields And Global Food Security. Australia: Australian Centre for Internasional Agricultural Research

    Gassner, A., et al. (2019). Poverty Eradication And Food Security Through Agriculture In Africa: Rethinking Objectives And Entry Points. Outlook on Agriculture, 48(4), 309–315. doi: 10.1177/0030727019888513

    George, T. (2020). A New Look At Agricultural Development And The Non-Agriculture Economy In Low-Income Countries. Global Food Security, 26(1), 1–10. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100449

    Gorton, D., Bullen, C. R., & Mhurchu, C. N. (2010). Environmental Influences On Food Security In High-Income Countries. Nutrition Reviews, 68(1), 1–29. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00258.x

    Grimm, V., Nöh, L., & Wieland, V. (2023). Government Bond Rates And Interest Expenditure Of Large Euro Area Member States: A Scenario Analysis. International Finance, 26(3), 286–303. doi: 10.1111/infi.12434

    Haddad, C., et al. (2020). Association Between Eating Behavior And Quarantine/Confinement Stressors During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak. Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(1), 1–12. doi: 10.1186/s40337-020-00317-0

    Hadley, C., et al. (2012). Rapidly Rising Food Prices And The Experience Of Food Insecurity In Urban Ethiopia: Impacts On Health And Well-Being. Social Science & Medicine, 75(12), 2412–2419. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.09.018

    Haini, H., et al. (2023). Does Unemployment Affect The Relationship Between Income Inequality And Food Security. International Journal Of Sociology And Social Policy, 43(1), 48–66. doi: 10.1108/IJSSP-12-2021-0303

    Harris, F. H., et al. (2022). Relative Power: Explaining The Effects Of Food And Cash Transfers On Allocative Behaviour In Rural Nepalese Households. Journal Of Development Economics, 154(1), 1–18. doi: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102784

    Headey, D. D., & Martin, W. J. (2016). The Impact Of Food Prices On Poverty And Food Security. Annual Review Of Resource Economics, 8(1), 329–351. doi: 10.1146/annurev-resource-100815-095303

    Hendriks, S. L., et al. (2020). What Drives Policy Reform? A Cross-Country Review Of Micronutrient Policy Change In Malawi, South Africa, And Zambia. CABI Reviews, 15(29), 1–16. doi: 10.1079/PAVSNNR202015029

    Hirvonen, K., De, B. A., & Abate, G. T. (2021). Food Consumption And Food Security During The COVID‐19 Pandemic In Addis Ababa. American Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 103(3), 772–789. doi: 10.1111/ajae.12206

    Hossain, S. T. (2020). Impacts Of COVID-19 On The Agri-Food Sector: Food Security Policies Of Asian Productivity Organization Members. Journal Of Agricultural Sciences (Sri Lanka), 15(2), 116–132. doi: 10.4038/jas.v15i2.8794

    Hsuan, L. H., & Tzu, Y. H. (2015). Impact Of Unemployment On Crime In Europe. Romanian Economic Journal, 18(57), 3–36. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/rej/journl/v18y2015i57p3-36.html

    Javed, I., et al. (2020). Performance And Macroeconomic Determinants Of Basmati Rice Exports From Pakistan. Sarhad Journal Of Agriculture, 36(2), 617–624. doi: 10.17582/journal.sja/2020/36.2.617.624

    Kakaei, H., et al. (2022). Effect Of COVID-19 On Food Security, Hunger, And Food Crisis. COVID-19 And The Sustainable Development Goals, 3–29. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-91307-2.00005-5

    Kalkuhl, M., Von Braun, J , & Torero, M. (2016). Volatile And Extreme Food Prices, Food Security, And Policy: An Overview. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing AG

    Keeley, B., Little, C., & Zuehlke, E. (2019). The State of the World’s Children 2019: Children, Food and Nutrition--Growing Well in a Changing World. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-of-worlds-children-2019

    Komarek, A. M. et al. (2018). Trade-Offs And Synergies Between Yield, Labor, Profit, And Risk In Malawian Maize-Based Cropping Systems. Agronomy For Sustainable Development, 38(1), 1–10. doi: 10.1007/s13593-018-0506-6

    Laborde, D., et al. (2020). COVID-19 Risks To Global Food Security. Science, 369(6503), 500–502. doi: 10.1126/science.abc4765

    Leininger, J., et al. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic And Structural Transformation In Africa: Evidence For Action (No. 11/2021). Discussion Paper. Retrieved from https://www.idos-research.de/uploads/media/DP_11.2021.pdf

    Leroy, F., et al. (2023). The Role Of Meat In The Human Diet: Evolutionary Aspects And Nutritional Value. Animal Frontiers, 13(2), 11–18. doi: 10.1093/af/vfac093

    Loopstra, R., et al. (2016). Food Insecurity And Social Protection In Europe: Quasi-Natural Experiment Of Europe’s Great Recessions 2004–2012. Preventive Medicine, 89(1), 44–50. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.010

    Loopstra, R., Reeves, A., & Tarasuk, V. (2019). The Rise Of Hunger Among Low-Income Households: An Analysis Of The Risks Of Food Insecurity Between 2004 And 2016 In A Population-Based Study Of UK Adults. J Epidemiol Community Health, 73(7), 668–674. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-211194

    MacNaughton, G., & Frey, D. F. (2015). Decent Work, Human Rights And The Sustainable Development Goals. Geo. J. Int’l L, 47(1), 607–663. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2613999

    Maja, M. M., & Ayano, S. F. (2021). The Impact Of Population Growth On Natural Resources And Farmers’ Capacity To Adapt To Climate Change In Low-Income Countries. Earth Systems and Environment, 5(2), 271–283. doi: 10.1007/s41748-021-00209-6

    Mathini, S., Edirisinghe, J. C., & Kuruppu, V. (2017). Impact Of Domestic Food Prices On Access To Food In Developing Areas In The World. Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID), 111(1), 63–73. doi: 10.12895/jaeid.20171.542

    Matkovski, B., et al. (2020). Determining Food Security In Crisis Conditions: A Comparative Analysis Of The Western Balkans And The EU. Sustainability, 12(23), 1–16. doi: .3390/su12239924

    Carthy, Mc. U., et al. (2018). Global Food Security–Issues, Challenges And Technological Solutions. Trends In Food Science & Technology, 77(1), 11–20. doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.05.002

    Mobarok, M. H., Thompson, W., & Skevas, T. (2021). COVID-19 And Policy Impacts On The Bangladesh Rice Market And Food Security. Sustainability, 13(11), 1-12. doi: 10.3390/su13115981

    Nawaz, S., & Iqbal, N. (2020). The Impact Of Unconditional Cash Transfer On Fuel Choices Among Ultra-Poor In Pakistan: Quasi-Experimental Evidence From The Benazir Income Support Program. Energy Policy, 142(1), 1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111535

    Nord, M., Coleman-Jensen, A., & Gregory, C. (2014). Prevalence Of US Food Insecurity Is Related To Changes In Unemployment, Inflation, And The Price Of Food. Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45216

    Pawlak, K., & Kołodziejczak, M. (2020). The Role Of Agriculture In Ensuring Food Security In Developing Countries: Considerations In The Context Of The Problem Of Sustainable Food Production. Sustainability, 12(13), 1–20. doi: 10.3390/su12135488

    Pérez, E. R., Cunningham, K., & Moran, V. H. (2020). COVID‐19 And Maternal And Child Food And Nutrition Insecurity: A Complex Syndemic. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16(3), 1–4. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13036

    Pingali, P., & Sunder, N. (2017). Transitioning Toward Nutrition-Sensitive Food Systems In Developing Countries. Annual Review of Resource Economics, 9(1), 439–459. doi: 10.1146/annurev-resource-100516-053552

    Pinstrup, A. P., & Watson II, D. D. (2011). Food Policy For Developing Countries: The Role Of Government In Global, National, And Local Food Systems. United States: Cornell University Press

    Pollard, C. M., & Booth, S. (2019). Food Insecurity And Hunger In Rich Countries—It Is Time For Action Against Inequality. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 16(10), 1-20. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16101804

    Poltorak, A. S., et al. (2023). Monitoring Of Relationships Between Indicators Of Food Security Of The States. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 1269(1): 1–14. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/1269/1/012001

    Prayitno, A. R. D., & Kusumawardani, D. (2022). Open Unemployment Rate in The Province of East Java. The Winners, 23(1), 11–18. doi: 10.20473/jde.v9i1.51515

    Pujiyanto, M. A. (2021). Kontribusi Sektor Pertanian Terhadap Perekonomian Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Sebelum dan Pada Saat Pandemi COVID-19 (Thesis dissertation). Universitas Gadjah Mada: Yogyakarta

    Rasheed, R., et al. (2021). Socio-Economic And Environmental Impacts Of COVID-19 Pandemic In Pakistan—An Integrated Analysis. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 28(16), 19926–19943. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-12070-7

    Sanz P, R., López, L. E., & Giménez, J. A. (2023). Pandemic, Poverty And Education: A Challenge For The Sustainable Development Goals. Policy Futures In Education, 21(8), 886-899. doi: 10.1177/14782103221112542

    Schneider, F. (2022). New COVID-Related Results For Estimating The Shadow Economy In The Global Economy In 2021 And 2022. International Economics And Economic Policy, 19(2), 299–313. doi: 10.1007/s10368-022-00537-6

    Shebanina, O., et al. (2018). Providing Labor Income As A Supporting Factor Of The Food Security. Management Theory And Studies For Rural Business And Infrastructure Development, 40(4), 559–669. doi: 10.15544/mts.2018.52

    Shete, M., & Rutten, M. (2015). Impacts Of Large-Scale Farming On Local Communities’ Food Security And Income Levels–Empirical Evidence From Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Land Use Policy, 47(1), 282–292. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.01.034

    Tanjung, G. S., et al. (2022). Potensi Sektor Pertanian Dalam Prioritas Pembangunan Ekonomi Kabupaten Belitung. Jurnal Pertanian Cemara, 19(2), 110–123. doi: 10.24929/fp.v19i2.2244

    Tukamuhabwa, B., Stevenson, M., & Busby, J. (2017). Supply Chain Resilience In A Developing Country Context: A Case Study On The Interconnectedness Of Threats, Strategies And Outcomes. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 22(6), 486–505. doi: 10.1108/SCM-02-2017-0059

    Vaitla, B., et al. (2017). The Measurement Of Household Food Security: Correlation And Latent Variable Analysis Of Alternative Indicators In A Large Multi Country Dataset. Food Policy, 68(1), 193–205. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.02.006