Main Article Content

Abstract

Toraja’s culture is distinct and captivating, with unique traditions passed down through generations. Among them, the tradition of serving and consuming tuak (a traditional alcoholic beverage) stands out, particularly in ceremonies like Rambu Tuka' (thanksgiving) and Rambu Solo' (funeral). Although many view tuak as a drink that can intoxicate and lead to health issues, it also holds potential as a profitable business if seen from a different perspective. This research investigates the business opportunities of Toraja tuak by examining social, economic, and cultural factors to understand how the economic conditions of tuak producers might be improved and gain broader acceptance. The study aims to analyze the viability of tuak as a business, factoring in social, economic, and cultural dimensions. The research is conducted in three stages: first, identifying issues through interviews and FGDs; second, conducting an in-depth literature review and gathering primary data on tuak business opportunities; and third, collecting secondary data, processing and analyzing it, and drawing conclusions. Results indicate that the tuak business holds significant promise when viewed through these comprehensive lenses, offering valuable social, economic, and cultural benefits.

Keywords

Business opportunities Lembang embatau Tuak toraja

Article Details

How to Cite
Thana, D. P., Padallingan, Y., & Amran, F. D. (2025). Based on Social, Economic, and Cultural Aspects, Is The “Tuak” Toraja Business Still Worth Sustaining?. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 24(02), 493–508. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.24.02.493-508

References

  1. Anggraini, A. (2017). Perilaku Pengunjung Kedai/Lapo Tuak di Kelurahan Umban Sari Kecamatan Rumbai Kota Pekanbaru. Sosiologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Riau, 4(1), 1–14. Retrieved from https://jom.unri.ac.id/index.php/JOMFSIP/article/view/13839
  2. Arrazzaq, M. (2019). Efektivitas Tuak Manis Sebagai Minuman Energi terhadap Daya Tahan Kardiovaskuler pada Atlet Sepak Bola Sewo Putra FC Kab. Soppeng. (Thesis, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia). Retrieved from http://eprints.unm.ac.id/12483/1/artikel.pdf
  3. Barry, B. (2017). Enclothed Knowledge: The Fashion Show as a Method of Dissemination in Arts-Informed Research. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 18(3), 1–23. doi: 10.17169/FQS-18.3.2837
  4. Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Sampling Snowball Sampling: Problems and Techniques of Chain Referral. Sociological Methods & Research, 10(2), 141–163. doi: 10.1177/004912418101000205
  5. Bowen, S., & Zapata, A. V. (2009). Geographical Indications, Terroir, and Socioeconomic and Ecological Sustainability: The Case of Tequila. Journal of Rural Studies, 25(1), 108–119. doi: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.07.003
  6. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Toraja Utara. (2020). Kabupaten Toraja Utara dalam Angka. BPS Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Retrieved from https://web-api.bps.go.id/
  7. Charles, S. J., Ploeg, C., & Mckibbon, J. A. (2015). Sampling in Qualitative Research: Insights from an Overview of the Methods Literature. The Qualitative Report, 20(11), 1772–1789. doi: 10.46743/2160-3715/2015.2373
  8. Christou, P. A. (2023). How to Use Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research. Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism, 1(1), 1–17. doi: 10.4337/jqrt.2023.0006
  9. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  10. Das, S., & Tamang, J. P. (2023). Metagenomics and Metabolomics of Toddy, an Indian Fermented Date Palm Beverage. Food Research International, 172(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113205
  11. Fentiana, N. (2019). Kebiasaan Mengkonsumsi Tuak dan Persepsi Sehat Masyarakat Desa Bukit Selamat Kecamatan Besitang Kabupaten Langkat Propinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 19(3), 620-622. doi: 10.33087/jiubj.v19i3.725
  12. Firmando, H. B. (2020). Kearifan Lokal Minuman Tradisional Tuak dalam Merajut Harmoni Sosial di Tapanuli Bahagian Utara. Aceh Anthropological Journal, 4(2), 197-212. doi: 10.29103/aaj.v4i2.3121
  13. Firmando, H. B. (2021). Kearifan Lokal Sistem Kekerabatan Dalihan Na Tolu dalam Merajut Harmoni Sosial di Kawasan Danau Toba. Aceh Anthropological Journal, 5(1), 16-36. doi: 10.29103/aaj.v5i1.4613
  14. Hermansyah, Novia, Sugiyama, M., & Harashima, S. (2015). Candida Tropicalis Isolated From Tuak, a North Sumatera-Indonesian Traditional Beverage, for Bioethanol Production. Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 43(3), 241–248. doi: 10.4014/Mbl.1506.06002
  15. Hernon, M. (2024). Japanese Sake Brewing Joins UNESCO Cultural Heritage List. Retrieved from https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/japanese-sake-brewing-joins-unesco-cultural-heritage-list/
  16. Hunt, G., & Barker, J. C. (2001). Socio-Cultural Anthropology and Alcohol and Drug Research: Towards A Unified Theory. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 53(2), 165–188. doi: 0.1016/s0277-9536(00)00329-4
  17. Ikegami, S. (1997). Tuak dalam Masyarakat Batak Toba: Laporan Singkat tentang Aspek Sosial-Budaya Penggunaan Nira = Tuak in the Toba Batak Society: A Preliminary Report on the Socio-Cultural Aspect of Palm Wine Consumption. Annual Report of the University of Shizuoka, Hamamatsu College, 5(11–3), 1–8. Retrieved from https://oshika.u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp/media/11_3_5.pdf
  18. Islam, M. A., & Aldhaini, F. M. F. (2022). Justification for Adopting Qualitative Research Method, Research Approaches, Sampling Strategy, Sample Size, Interview Method, Saturation, and Data Analysis. Journal of International Business and Management, 5(1), 1–11. doi: 10.37227/jibm-2021-09-1494
  19. Jannah, M., Riskiyani, S., Rahman, A., & Susanna, D. (2018). Description of the Acculturation Process of Tuak Consumption in North Toraja. KnE Life Sciences, 4(4), 181-188. doi: 10.18502/kls.v4i4.2276
  20. Kalu, F. A. (2017). What Makes Qualitative Research Good Research? An Exploratory Analysis of Critical Elements. International Journal of Social Science Research, 5(2), 43–56. doi: 10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.10711
  21. Khairuddin. (2021). Government Supervision in Overcoming Problems Drinking Tuak at The Gunung Meriah Aceh. Aksara: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Nonformal, 7(3), 1313-1322. doi: 10.37905/aksara.7.3.1313-1322.2021
  22. Liguori, L., Albanese, D., Crescitelli, A., Di Matteo, M., & Russo, P. (2019). Impact of Dealcoholization on Quality Properties in White Wine at Various Alcohol Content Levels. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(8), 3707–3720. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-03839-x
  23. Luekveerawattana, S. (2012). Cultural Landscape for Sustainable Tourism Case Study of Amphawa Community. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65(325), 387–396. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.139
  24. Marshall, E., & Mejia, D. (2012). Traditional Fermented Food and Beverages for Improved Livelihoods. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/4/i2477e/i2477e00.pdf
  25. Melga, B., & Adi, K. K. (2019). Designing Brand Identity for Batak Toba Tuak in Medan City. 6th Bandung Creative Movement International Conference in Creative Industries 2019, 6(6), 60-65. Retrieved from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/293202-designing-brand-identity-for-batak-toba-e7c4e43b.pdf
  26. Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A Step-By-Step Process of Thematic Analysis to Develop A Conceptual Model in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22(1), 1–18. doi: 10.1177/16094069231205789
  27. Nggarang, B., Badar, A. N., Dirna, P., & Krisdolista Ecin. (2022). Pemanfaatan “Tuak” sebagai Bahan Dasar Pembuatan Hand Sanitizer. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(1), 35–40. doi: 10.36928/jrt.v5i1.881
  28. Oluwole, O., Kosoko, S., Familola, O., Ibironke, O., Cheikyoussef, A., Raheem, D., Saraiva, A., & Raposo, A. (2023). Fermented Traditional Wine From Palm Trees: Microbial, Nutritional Attributes and Health Impacts. Frontiers in Food Science and Technology, 3(1), 1–15. doi: 10.3389/frfst.2023.1225762
  29. Pahlawan, A. A., Sunardi, G., & Wuryani, E. (2022). Makna Tuak dalam Adat Pernikahan Masyarakat Dayak Pesaguan dan Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal. Jurnal Nusantara Raya, 2(1), 1–6. Retrieved from https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/T
  30. Papu, M. (2024). Refleksi P5 Tema Ke-2 Kearifan Lokal Seminar Ilmiah: “Eksplorasi Minuman Tradisional Tuak Kobok Dalam Bingkai Budaya Manggarai” | SMAK Pancasila Borong. Retrieved Retrieved from https://smakpancasilaborong.sch.id/read/92/refleksi-p5-tema-ke-2-kearifan-lokal-seminar-ilmiah-eksplorasi-minuman-tradisional-tuak-kobok-dalam-bingkai-budaya-manggarai
  31. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. SAGE Publications Inc.
  32. Prodjosantoso, A. K., Tanjung, A. K. P., Mutammimah, B., Hisyam, M., Basri, M. F. M., Tonapa, N., Hawa, N. E., Jaya, S. D., Situmorang, S. S., & Fahmi, T. N. (2023). Etnokimia: Dalam Budaya Nusantara. PT Kanisius
  33. Riskiyani, S., Jannah, M., & Rahman, A. (2015). Aspek Sosial Budaya pada Konsumsi Minuman Beralkohol (Tuak) di Kabupaten Toraja Utara. Media Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 11(2), 76–85. doi: 10.30597/mkmi.v11i2.520
  34. Romualdi, K. B., Suciyati, P. H., Sentana, I. K. A., & Mahartha. (2023). Manifestasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila dalam Kearifan Lokal Tradisional Taba’Adat Dayak Tamambaloh. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 3(2), 1251–1265. doi: 10.31004/innovative.v3i2
  35. Salma, S., Revianda, R., & Hidayat, T. (2020). The Perspectives of Islamic Law (Hadd Al-Syurb) on Aia Niro and Tuak (Khamr) Activities in Nagari Batu Payuang Halaban. Society, 8(1), 260–277. doi: 10.33019/society.v8i1.168
  36. Saragih, J. R., & Harmain, U. (2021). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Kewirausahaan Petani Kopi Arabika di Kecamatan Dolog Masagal, Kabupaten Simalungun, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Journal of Regional and Rural Development Planning, 5(2), 101–109. doi: 10.29244/jp2wd.2021.5.2.101-109
  37. Sasmita, S., & Lisa. (2020). Karakteristik dan Indeks Massa Tubuh Pecandu Tuak di Kelurahan Botang Kecamatan Makale Kabupaten Tana Toraja. Kampurui Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (The Journal of Public Health), 2(1), 15–19. doi: 10.55340/kjkm.v2i1.140
  38. Simbolon, L. (2017). Strategi Pedagang Tuak di Jalan Arengka Dua Kecamatan Payung Sekaki Kota Pekanbaru Lintong. Jom Fisip, 4(1), 1–14. Retrieved from https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/116940-ID-strategi-pedagang-tuak-di-jalan-arengka.pdf
  39. Simorangkir, J. (2021). Minum Tuak dan Kearifan Lokal. Retrieved from https://medanbisnisdaily.com/news/online/read/2021/06/07/136707/minum_tuak_dan_kearifan_lokal#google_vignette
  40. Sinaga, S. Y., & Salim, T. A. (2019). Knowledge Preservation of Tuak as Batak Toba Social Community Culture. International Review of Humanities Studies, 4(1), 415–419. doi: 10.7454/Irhs.V4i1.151
  41. Sudiana, I. K., Eka Putra, I. W. G. A., & Januraga, P. P. (2016). The Consumption of Tuak Increases Risk of Central Obesity Among Adult Males at Karangasem, Bali. Public Health And Preventive Medicine Archive, 4(2), 134–142. doi: 10.24843/PHPMA.2016.v04.i02.p03
  42. Sukiman, I., Syarifuddin, & Willem, I. (2019). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Konsumsi Minuman Keras (Tuak Pahit) pada Remaja di Desa Buntu Tabang Kecamatan Gandasil Kabupaten Tana Toraja. Jurnal Ilmiah Manusia Dan Kesehatan, 2(3), 343–353. doi: 10.31850/makes.v2i3.177
  43. Surmiak, A. (2018). Confidentiality in Qualitative Research Involving Vulnerable Participants: Researchers’ Perspectives. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung, 19(3), 1–26. doi: 10.17169/FQS-19.3.3099
  44. Sutrisno, A. D. (2022). Kebijakan Sistem Ketahanan Pangan Daerah. Kebijakan: Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi, 13(1), 28–42. doi: 10.23969/kebijakan.v13i1.4862
  45. Suwena, K. R. (2017). Menjual Tuak (Alkohol Bali) Sebuah Pilihan (Tinjauan dari Perspektif Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Desa Datah). International Journal of Social Science and Business, 1(1), 24-30. doi: 10.23887/ijssb.v1i1.10163
  46. Voicu, M., & Babonea, A. (2007). Using the Snowball Method in Marketing Research on Hidden Populations. Challenges of the Knowledge Society, 44(2), 1341–1351. Retrieved from https://doaj.org/article/92cee3cbe5b74333ab0f96f635e97125
  47. Wandansari. G. K. R. (n.d.). Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Tradisi Budaya Daerah sebagai Kearifan Lokal untuk Memantapkan Jatidiri Bangsa. Retrieved from https://ikadbudi.uny.ac.id/sites/ikadbudi.uny.ac.id/files/lampiran/MAKALAH_0.pdf
  48. Westermeyer, J. (1999). The Role of Cultural and Social Factors in the Cause of Addictive Disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 22(2), 253–273. doi: 10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70075-7
  49. Widhiasthini, N. W., Subawa, N. S., Sudharma, K. J. A., & Permatasari, N. P. I. (2020). Revitalisation and Innovation of “Arak Bali” Products. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 13(11), 1126–1141. Retrieved from https://cdn.undiknas.ac.id/repository/REPO-15992031469655140.pdf
  50. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. SAGE Publications, Inc.
  51. Yoshida, T., Gotoh, T., Tomizawa, N., & Ikeda, K. (2013). Snowball Sampling Consumer Behaviour Research to Characterise the Influence of Market Mavens on Social Networks. International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications, 12(3–4), 268–282. doi: 10.1504/IJISTA.2013.056534