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August 6, 2024
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March 10, 2025
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Abstract
Differences in land access on Pasaran Island reflect complex inequalities between local and migrant groups, and between communities with different economic power. The social-ecological dynamics involved control of land resources and reclamation. The absence of appropriate regulations has led to tensions. Using a qualitative method using in-depth interviews with 14 informants. Informant selection based on purposive sampling technique based on criteria, primary data was collected from 14 informants who were directly involved in the social-ecological dynamics created on Pasaran Island, including the Local Government (Marine and Fisheries Office of Bandar Lampung City and Land Office of Bandar Lampung City), Head of Village, Head of Neighborhood Association, Local Community (Bugis), Migrant Community (Cirebon and Indramayu), and Community Leaders. Data collection was closed after data saturation was reached when no more new information emerged, and the data collected as a whole formed a complete story. This research explores issues of access struggle and social-ecological dynamics within the framework of access theory. Based on understanding these land access and socio-ecological dynamics, the government can take more appropriate steps to manage resources, prevent conflict, and support environmental sustainability and community welfare on Pasaran Island.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jessica Vanelia Amanda, Arya Hadi Dharmawan, Soeryo Adiwibowo
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Typology of Access to Land Resources and Socio-Ecological Dynamics in the Coastal Community of Pasaran Island, Lampung Province, Indonesia. (2025). Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 24(01), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.24.01.103-126
References
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Aprianty, H., et al. (2006). Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Nelayan Kota Bengkulu: Kajian Struktural Tentang Kemiskinan Nelayan Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 4(1), 63–75. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.5.1.63-75
Ayu, I. G., Santi, G., & Turisno, B. E. (2019). Rekonstruksi Kebijakan Reklamasi Pantai Yang Berkeadilan Sosial Di Indonesia. Pandecta: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum (Research Law Journal), 14(2), 128–139. doi: 10.15294/pandecta.v14i2.20622
Ayuradi M. H., Adiwibowo, S., & Sjaf, S. (2017). Field Activited On Land Accumulation Property Right By Ethnic Buginese In Overseas. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 5(1), 61–66. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v5i1.16274
Bates, G., D., & Tucker, J. (2016). Human Ecology Contemporary Research and Practice. USA: Springer
Bennett, N. J. (2019). In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment. Coastal Management, 47(1), 67–87. doi: 10.1080/08920753.2019.1540905
Bidayani, E., & Kurniawan, K. (2020). Conflict Resolution In Coastal Resource Utilization Among Fishermen And Unconventional Tin Miners. Society, 8(1), 13–22. doi: 10.33019/society.v8i1.139
Bumulo, S., Adiwibowo, S., & Sjaf, S. (2017). Dinamika Penguasaan Lahan Dalam Masyarakat Multietnik. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 5(3), 218–225. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v5i3.19395
Cahyadinata, I., et al. (2018). Potensi Pengembangan Perikanan Tangkap Pada Pulau Kecil Terluar (Studi Kasus : Pulau Enggano Provinsi Bengkulu). Jurnal AGRISEP : Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(2), 151–162. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.17.2.151-162
Chen, L., & Cai, H. (2022). Study On Land Use Conflict Identification And Territorial Spatial Zoning Control In Rao River Basin, Jiangxi Province, China. Ecological Indicators, 10(145), 109–118. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109594
Christian, Y., Satria, A., & Sunito, S. (2018). Ekonomi Politik Konflik Agraria Pulau Kecil: Studi Kasus di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 6(1), 71–78. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v6i1.21210
Cipriani, L. (2022). Lives In Malacca, Malaysia Land Of Sand: Reclaiming The Sea, Landscapes And Lives In Malacca, Malaysia. City, 10(26), 888–910. doi: 10.1080/13604813.2022.2126168
Cresswell, J. W. (2015). Research Design: Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif Dan Campuran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Dade, M. C., Bennett, E. M., & Robinson, B. E. (2022). Property Rights Play A Pivotal Role In The Distribution Of Ecosystem Services Among Beneficiaries. Ecosystems And People, 18(1), 131–145. doi: 10.1080/26395916.2022.2037715
Dewi, C. (2023). Analisis Perubahan Garis Pantai Di Pulau Pasaran, Kota Bandar Lampung. Indonesian Journal Of Oceanography (IJOCE), 3(1), 1–5. doi: 10.14710/ijoce.v6i2.19652
Dharmawan, A. H. (2007). Dinamika Sosio-Ekologi Pedesaan: Perspektif Dan Pertautan Keilmuan Ekologi Manusia, Sosiologi Lingkungan Dan Ekologi Politik. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 1(2), 1–40. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v1i2.5932
Dharmawan, A. H. (2024). Sistem Penghidupan & Dinamika Hubungan Sosial Ekologi di Kawasan Pedesaan. Bogor: IPB Press
Djamil, M., Gumilang, M. R., & Hartono, D. (2022). Dampak Reklamasi Terhadap Lingkungan Dan Perekonomian Warga Pesisir Di Jakarta Utara. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Kota, 18(3), 283–295. doi: 10.14710/pwk.v18i3.36930
Fatika, S. A. C. (2020). Hak dan Akses Tenurial Masyarakat Hukum Adat Bengkunat dalam Pemanfaatan Hutan di Pesisir Barat, Lampung. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 6(1), 80–95. doi: 10.31292/jb.v6i1.426
Halomoan, M. R., Dharmawan, A. H., & Sunito, S. (2023). Land Access, Exclusion, And Conflict In The Dynamics Of Agrarian Changes In Forest Areas Of Napal Putih Village, Tebo District, Sumatra. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 11(3), 263-279. doi: 10.22500/11202349777
Hanum, E. R. (2017). Dinamika Konflik Tanah Timbul Di Pulau Sarinah Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jurnal Politik Indonesia, 2(1), 135–142. doi: 10.20473/jpi.v8i1.33383
Hasibuan, F., Widiono, S., & Badruddin, R. (2017). The Resilience Of Fishermen’s Family Structure: A Case Study Of Family Fishermen’s Response To Climate Change Impacts In Pasar Bawah Beach South Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 16(2), 211–223. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.16.2.211-223
Hein, J., et al. (2016). Rescaling Of Access And Property Relations In A Frontier Landscape: Insights From Jambi, Indonesia. The Professional Geographer, 68(3), 380-389. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2015.1089105
Idrs, U. (2017). ‘Belimpun Taka Tugas, Insuai Taka Tapu’: Orang Tidung, Marginalisasi Dan Perlawanan di Pulau Sebatik Nunukan. ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 2(2), 134–152. doi: 10.31947/etnosia.v2i2.2574
Kangas, K., et al. (2022). Land Use Synergies And Conflicts Identification In The Framework Of Compatibility Analyses And Spatial Assessment Of Ecological , Socio-Cultural And Economic Values. Journal Of Environmental Management, 316(5), 115–129. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115174
Komaratulloh, P. T. S., et al. (2019). Mekanisme Akses Masyarakat Adat Dalam Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Alam (Studi Kasus di Kasepuhan Karang Desa Jagaraksa Kecamatan Muncang Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten). Jurnal Nusa Sylva, 19(1), 30–34. doi: 10.31938/jns.v19i1.232
Lekitoo, H. Y. (2022). Relasi Kelompok Etnik Antar-Orang Kayo Pulau Dengan Kelompok Etnik Lainnya Di Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua. Masyarakat Indonesia, 48(1), 131-146. doi: 10.14203/jmi.v48i1.1186
Li, F., et al. (2020). Change Of Sea Reclamation And The Sea-Use Management Policy System In China. Marine Policy, 115(02), 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103861
Ligate, E. J., Chen, C., & Wu, C. (2018). Evaluation Of Tropical Coastal Land Cover And Land Use Changes And Their Impacts On Ecosystem Service Values. Ecosystem Health And Sustainability, 4(8), 188–204. doi: 10.1080/20964129.2018.1512839
Manalu, A. S., Sumantri, B., & Priyono, B. S. (2018). Pendapatan Berdasarkan Status Penguasaan Lahan Usahatani Tembakau Dan Pemasarannya. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(1), 63–78. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.17.1.63-78
Mertuo, S. (2008). Mencari Alas Akar Konflik Pertanahan: Suatu Tinjauan Dinamika Masyarakat Pedesaan Di Jawa. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 7(2), 41–53. Doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.7.2.41-53
Moleong, L. J,. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya
Nissa, Z. N. A., Dharmawan, A. H., & Saharuddin, S. (2019). Vulnerability Analysis Of Small Fishermen’s Household Livelihoods In Tegal City. Komunitas, 11(2), 167–176. doi: 10.15294/komunitas.v11i2.18583
Noor, N. M., et al. (2021). Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Bahari Berbasis Masyarakat Di Pulau Pasaran, Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Balitbangda Lampungprov, 9(1), 103–114. doi: 10.35450/jip.v9i01.219
Otten, F., et al. (2020). Deconstructing Sustainable Rubber Production: Contesting Narratives In Rural Sumatra. Journal Of Land Use Science, 15(2–3), 306–326. doi: 10.1080/1747423X.2019.1709225
Peluso, N. L., & Lund, C. (2011). New Frontiers Of Land Control: Introduction. Journal Of Peasant Studies, 38(4), 667–681. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2011.607692
Peluso, N. L., & Ribot, J. (2020). Postscript: A Theory Of Access Revisited. Society And Natural Resources, 33(2), 300–306. doi: 10.1080/08941920.2019.1709929
Ribot, J. C., & Peluso, N. L. (2003). A Theory Of Access. Rural Sociology, 68(2), 153–181. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-0831.2003.tb00133.x
Satria, A. 2015. Pengantar Sosiologi Masyarakat Pesisir. Yayasan Obor: Jakarta
Sinaga, H., Widiono, S., & Irnad. (2015). Pola Hubungan Patron- Klien Pada Komunitas Nelayan Di Kelurahan Malabro Kecamatan Teluk Segara Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 3(2), 167–176. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.14.2.167-176
Suharti, S., et al. (2016). Kelembagaan Dan Perubahan Hak Akses Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Di Sinjai Timur, Sulawesi Selatan. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 4(2), 165–175. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v4i2.13392
Sulaiman, S., & Makka, Z. (2018). Status Hukum Tanah Warga Yang Bermukim Di Wilayah Pesisir Perbatasan Kabupaten Nunukan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Jurnal Jatiswara, 33(3), 243-257. doi: 10.29303/jatiswara.v33i3.175
Sutton, M., & Anderson. (2014). Introduction To Cultural Ecology. Maryland: AltaMira Press
Yanbo, Q., et al. (2023). Land Use Policy Territorial Spatial Planning For Regional High-Quality Development An Analytical Framework For The Identification, Mediation And Transmission Of Potential Land Utilization Conflicts In The Yellow River Delta. Land Use Policy, 125(9), 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106462
Yuliana, L., Widiono, S., & Cahyadinata, I. (2016). Strategi Nafkah Rumah Tangga Nelayan Tradisional Dan Modern Pada Komunitas Nelayan Sekunyit, Kaur, Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 15(2), 163–176. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.15.2.163-176
References
Adiwibowo, S., Shohibuddin, M., & Kartodiharjo, H. (2013). Kontestasi Devolusi: Ekologi Politik Pengelolaan Hutan Berbasis Masyarakat. In Kembali Ke Jalan Lurus: Kritik Penggunaan Ilmu Dan Praktek Kehutanan Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Forci Development
Adiwibowo, S. (2007). Ekologi Manusia. Bogor: IPB Press
Agraria, J., et al. (2021). Dampak Penambangan Timah Laut Terhadap Sumber Penghidupan Rumahtangga Nelayan Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti, Bhumi. Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 7(1), 112–125. doi: 10.31292/bhumi.v7i1.480
Anugraha, A. S., et al. (2022). Potret Krisis Sosio-Ekologi Kawasan Pesisir Dampak Reklamasi. Journal Of Urban And Regional Planning, 3(1), 9–21. doi: 10.26418/uniplan.v3i1.52818
Aprianty, H., et al. (2006). Struktur Sosial Masyarakat Nelayan Kota Bengkulu: Kajian Struktural Tentang Kemiskinan Nelayan Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 4(1), 63–75. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.5.1.63-75
Ayu, I. G., Santi, G., & Turisno, B. E. (2019). Rekonstruksi Kebijakan Reklamasi Pantai Yang Berkeadilan Sosial Di Indonesia. Pandecta: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Hukum (Research Law Journal), 14(2), 128–139. doi: 10.15294/pandecta.v14i2.20622
Ayuradi M. H., Adiwibowo, S., & Sjaf, S. (2017). Field Activited On Land Accumulation Property Right By Ethnic Buginese In Overseas. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 5(1), 61–66. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v5i1.16274
Bates, G., D., & Tucker, J. (2016). Human Ecology Contemporary Research and Practice. USA: Springer
Bennett, N. J. (2019). In Political Seas: Engaging with Political Ecology in the Ocean and Coastal Environment. Coastal Management, 47(1), 67–87. doi: 10.1080/08920753.2019.1540905
Bidayani, E., & Kurniawan, K. (2020). Conflict Resolution In Coastal Resource Utilization Among Fishermen And Unconventional Tin Miners. Society, 8(1), 13–22. doi: 10.33019/society.v8i1.139
Bumulo, S., Adiwibowo, S., & Sjaf, S. (2017). Dinamika Penguasaan Lahan Dalam Masyarakat Multietnik. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 5(3), 218–225. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v5i3.19395
Cahyadinata, I., et al. (2018). Potensi Pengembangan Perikanan Tangkap Pada Pulau Kecil Terluar (Studi Kasus : Pulau Enggano Provinsi Bengkulu). Jurnal AGRISEP : Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(2), 151–162. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.17.2.151-162
Chen, L., & Cai, H. (2022). Study On Land Use Conflict Identification And Territorial Spatial Zoning Control In Rao River Basin, Jiangxi Province, China. Ecological Indicators, 10(145), 109–118. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109594
Christian, Y., Satria, A., & Sunito, S. (2018). Ekonomi Politik Konflik Agraria Pulau Kecil: Studi Kasus di Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 6(1), 71–78. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v6i1.21210
Cipriani, L. (2022). Lives In Malacca, Malaysia Land Of Sand: Reclaiming The Sea, Landscapes And Lives In Malacca, Malaysia. City, 10(26), 888–910. doi: 10.1080/13604813.2022.2126168
Cresswell, J. W. (2015). Research Design: Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif Dan Campuran. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar
Dade, M. C., Bennett, E. M., & Robinson, B. E. (2022). Property Rights Play A Pivotal Role In The Distribution Of Ecosystem Services Among Beneficiaries. Ecosystems And People, 18(1), 131–145. doi: 10.1080/26395916.2022.2037715
Dewi, C. (2023). Analisis Perubahan Garis Pantai Di Pulau Pasaran, Kota Bandar Lampung. Indonesian Journal Of Oceanography (IJOCE), 3(1), 1–5. doi: 10.14710/ijoce.v6i2.19652
Dharmawan, A. H. (2007). Dinamika Sosio-Ekologi Pedesaan: Perspektif Dan Pertautan Keilmuan Ekologi Manusia, Sosiologi Lingkungan Dan Ekologi Politik. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 1(2), 1–40. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v1i2.5932
Dharmawan, A. H. (2024). Sistem Penghidupan & Dinamika Hubungan Sosial Ekologi di Kawasan Pedesaan. Bogor: IPB Press
Djamil, M., Gumilang, M. R., & Hartono, D. (2022). Dampak Reklamasi Terhadap Lingkungan Dan Perekonomian Warga Pesisir Di Jakarta Utara. Jurnal Pembangunan Wilayah Dan Kota, 18(3), 283–295. doi: 10.14710/pwk.v18i3.36930
Fatika, S. A. C. (2020). Hak dan Akses Tenurial Masyarakat Hukum Adat Bengkunat dalam Pemanfaatan Hutan di Pesisir Barat, Lampung. BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria Dan Pertanahan, 6(1), 80–95. doi: 10.31292/jb.v6i1.426
Halomoan, M. R., Dharmawan, A. H., & Sunito, S. (2023). Land Access, Exclusion, And Conflict In The Dynamics Of Agrarian Changes In Forest Areas Of Napal Putih Village, Tebo District, Sumatra. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 11(3), 263-279. doi: 10.22500/11202349777
Hanum, E. R. (2017). Dinamika Konflik Tanah Timbul Di Pulau Sarinah Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jurnal Politik Indonesia, 2(1), 135–142. doi: 10.20473/jpi.v8i1.33383
Hasibuan, F., Widiono, S., & Badruddin, R. (2017). The Resilience Of Fishermen’s Family Structure: A Case Study Of Family Fishermen’s Response To Climate Change Impacts In Pasar Bawah Beach South Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 16(2), 211–223. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.16.2.211-223
Hein, J., et al. (2016). Rescaling Of Access And Property Relations In A Frontier Landscape: Insights From Jambi, Indonesia. The Professional Geographer, 68(3), 380-389. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2015.1089105
Idrs, U. (2017). ‘Belimpun Taka Tugas, Insuai Taka Tapu’: Orang Tidung, Marginalisasi Dan Perlawanan di Pulau Sebatik Nunukan. ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 2(2), 134–152. doi: 10.31947/etnosia.v2i2.2574
Kangas, K., et al. (2022). Land Use Synergies And Conflicts Identification In The Framework Of Compatibility Analyses And Spatial Assessment Of Ecological , Socio-Cultural And Economic Values. Journal Of Environmental Management, 316(5), 115–129. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115174
Komaratulloh, P. T. S., et al. (2019). Mekanisme Akses Masyarakat Adat Dalam Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Alam (Studi Kasus di Kasepuhan Karang Desa Jagaraksa Kecamatan Muncang Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten). Jurnal Nusa Sylva, 19(1), 30–34. doi: 10.31938/jns.v19i1.232
Lekitoo, H. Y. (2022). Relasi Kelompok Etnik Antar-Orang Kayo Pulau Dengan Kelompok Etnik Lainnya Di Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua. Masyarakat Indonesia, 48(1), 131-146. doi: 10.14203/jmi.v48i1.1186
Li, F., et al. (2020). Change Of Sea Reclamation And The Sea-Use Management Policy System In China. Marine Policy, 115(02), 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103861
Ligate, E. J., Chen, C., & Wu, C. (2018). Evaluation Of Tropical Coastal Land Cover And Land Use Changes And Their Impacts On Ecosystem Service Values. Ecosystem Health And Sustainability, 4(8), 188–204. doi: 10.1080/20964129.2018.1512839
Manalu, A. S., Sumantri, B., & Priyono, B. S. (2018). Pendapatan Berdasarkan Status Penguasaan Lahan Usahatani Tembakau Dan Pemasarannya. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(1), 63–78. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.17.1.63-78
Mertuo, S. (2008). Mencari Alas Akar Konflik Pertanahan: Suatu Tinjauan Dinamika Masyarakat Pedesaan Di Jawa. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 7(2), 41–53. Doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.7.2.41-53
Moleong, L. J,. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya
Nissa, Z. N. A., Dharmawan, A. H., & Saharuddin, S. (2019). Vulnerability Analysis Of Small Fishermen’s Household Livelihoods In Tegal City. Komunitas, 11(2), 167–176. doi: 10.15294/komunitas.v11i2.18583
Noor, N. M., et al. (2021). Pengembangan Potensi Wisata Bahari Berbasis Masyarakat Di Pulau Pasaran, Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Balitbangda Lampungprov, 9(1), 103–114. doi: 10.35450/jip.v9i01.219
Otten, F., et al. (2020). Deconstructing Sustainable Rubber Production: Contesting Narratives In Rural Sumatra. Journal Of Land Use Science, 15(2–3), 306–326. doi: 10.1080/1747423X.2019.1709225
Peluso, N. L., & Lund, C. (2011). New Frontiers Of Land Control: Introduction. Journal Of Peasant Studies, 38(4), 667–681. doi: 10.1080/03066150.2011.607692
Peluso, N. L., & Ribot, J. (2020). Postscript: A Theory Of Access Revisited. Society And Natural Resources, 33(2), 300–306. doi: 10.1080/08941920.2019.1709929
Ribot, J. C., & Peluso, N. L. (2003). A Theory Of Access. Rural Sociology, 68(2), 153–181. doi: 10.1111/j.1549-0831.2003.tb00133.x
Satria, A. 2015. Pengantar Sosiologi Masyarakat Pesisir. Yayasan Obor: Jakarta
Sinaga, H., Widiono, S., & Irnad. (2015). Pola Hubungan Patron- Klien Pada Komunitas Nelayan Di Kelurahan Malabro Kecamatan Teluk Segara Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 3(2), 167–176. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.14.2.167-176
Suharti, S., et al. (2016). Kelembagaan Dan Perubahan Hak Akses Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove Di Sinjai Timur, Sulawesi Selatan. Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan, 4(2), 165–175. doi: 10.22500/sodality.v4i2.13392
Sulaiman, S., & Makka, Z. (2018). Status Hukum Tanah Warga Yang Bermukim Di Wilayah Pesisir Perbatasan Kabupaten Nunukan Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Jurnal Jatiswara, 33(3), 243-257. doi: 10.29303/jatiswara.v33i3.175
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