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August 10, 2024
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March 8, 2025
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Abstract
The utilization of Moringa in food processing, herbal medicine, and animal feed makes this plant attractive to researchers for testing its effectiveness and entrepreneurs for making it a business commodity. PT ABC is one of the companies processing Moringa into various derivative products. PT ABC is the largest company in Central Java, establishing Blora as the centre of the Moringa commodity. The untapped potential of Moringa, with its high economic value, has driven the government to aspire to make Moringa an icon of Blora Regency, allowing the community to capitalize on it as a business commodity. This study analyzes the added value and profitability of Moringa Capsule and Moringa Infusion products. Applying the Hayami method, the analysis identifies Moringa Capsules as having a higher added value ratio than Moringa Infusions. Profitability assessments, encompassing production costs, break-even points, and operational efficiency, confirm that both products generate substantial profits. The company operates above the break-even point, with profitability of IDR 64,529 for capsules and IDR 22,387 for infusions. These findings reveal the economic potential of Moringa-based products with profitability margins of 30.97 per cent for Moringa Capsule and 15.35 per cent for Moringa Infusions. These margins highlight the viability of expanding production and tapping into new markets. Blora can strengthen its competitiveness in national and international markets by promoting innovation in product development. Practical implications include diversifying product offerings to meet evolving consumer demands and leveraging profitability data to attract investment, ultimately enhancing rural incomes and economic resilience.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sonia Ghinaa Salim; Bayu Krisnamurthi, Nia Rosiana
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How to Cite
Added Value and Profitability of PT ABC’s Processed Moringa Products. (2025). Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 24(01), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagrisep.24.01.201-216
References
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Akter, T., Parvin, M. T., Mila, F. A., & Nahar, A. (2019). Factors Determining The Profitability Of Rice Farming In Bangladesh: Profitability Analysis Of Rice Farming In Bangladesh. Journal Of The Bangladesh Agricultural University, 17(1), 86-91. doi:10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40668
Ali, M. Y., et al. (2022). Moringa Oleifera: A Review On Nutritional Attributes, Therapeutic Applications And Value-Added Product Generation. Saarc Journal Of Agriculture, 20(2), 1–15. doi: 10.3329/sja.v20i2.63447
Alvarez, A., et al. (2018). The Profitability Of Value-Added Products In Dairy Farm Diversification Initiatives. Spanish Journal Of Agricultural Research, 16(2), 1-9. doi: 10.5424/sjar/2018162-11813
Aminah S.T., Ramdhan M., & Yanis. (2015). Kandungan Nutrisi dan Sifat Fungsional Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera). Buletin Pertanian Perkotaan, 5(2), 35-36. Retrieved from https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/11445
Amrullah, A., et al. (2020). An Added Value Analysis Of Pulu Mandoti Rice Agricultural Commodities At Farmers Level. IOP Conference Series Earth And Environmental Science, 486(1), 1-4. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012040
Ara, J., Moheuddin, M. M., Hossain, S., & Titu, M. A. S. (2020). A Mathematical Study Of Break-Even Analysis Based On Dairy Farms In Bangladesh. International Journal Of Economic Behavior And Organization, 8(2), 38-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20200802.13
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Tengah. (2023). Kemiskinan 2022-2023. Retrieved from https://jateng.bps.go.id/indicator/23/34/1/kemiskinan.html
Baihaqi, A., et al. (2020). Analysis Of Value Added Agro Industry Arabica Export Coffee Processing In Aceh Tengah Case Study At Oro Coffee Gayo. IOP Conference Series Earth And Environmental Science, 425(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/425/1/012076
Dewi, K. H., et al. (2015). Analisis Nilai Tambah Kopi Teripang Jahe Pra Campur Saset. Jurnal Agrisep: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 12(2), 209–216. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.12.2.209-216
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Hervito, F. A., Kurniati, N., & Mutmainnah, E. (2021). Analisis Finansial Dengan Pendekatan Cost Volume Profit Pada Usaha Kopi Bubuk Bukit Barisan Di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Jurnal Agrisep: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 20(2), 355–366. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.20.2.355-366
Hikmah, N. a. N., Fatonny, N. N., & Asrandi, N. (2022). Analisis Nilai Tambah Olahan Rumput Laut Pada CV. XYZ Di Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal E-bussiness Institut Teknologi Dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Polewali Mandar, 2(1), 1–4. doi: 10.59903/ebussiness.v2i1.20
Husna, N., Jamilah, Authar, M., & Riani. (2023). Analysis Of The Profitability Of Merang Mushroom Farming In Baktiya Barat District, North Aceh District. Journal Of Accounting Research, Utility Finance And Digital Assets, 1(4), 190–197. doi: 10.54443/jaruda.v1i4.185
Huzaimi, F., (2019). Analisis Nilai Tambah Dan Profitabilitas Produk Rumput Laut (Kasus: PT Rumah Rumput Laut, Kabupaten Bogor) (Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesa). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/100575
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Lisarini, N. E., et al. (2022). Efisiensi Ekonomis Usahatani Kelor Organik Di Moringa Organik Indonesia Blora Jawa. Agrivet Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Dan Peternakan (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veteriner), 10(2), 260-268. doi: 10.31949/agrivet.v10i2.3787
Losvitasari, N. M., Budiasa, I. W., & Ambarawati, I. G. (2021). Analisis Finansial Agroindustri Kelor Di PT. Bali Agro Investama. Jurnal Manajemen Agribisnis (Journal of Agribusiness Management), 9(2), 391. doi: 10.24843/jma.2021.v09.i02.p04
Melinda, V., (2017). Analisis Nilai Tambah dan Profitabilitas Usaha Olahan Ubi Cilembu Pada Usaha Ma Utik di Desa Cilembu Kabupaten Sumedang (Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/87631
Mulyadi. (2001). Akuntansi Manajemen Edisi 3. Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Mulyadi. (2005). Akuntansi Biaya Edisi 5. Yogyakarta: UPP APP YKPN
Nasaruddin, M., Utama, S. P., & Andani, A. (2015). Nilai Tambah Pengolahan Daging Sapi Menjadi Bakso Pada Usaha Al-Hasanah Di Kelurahan Rimbo Kedui Kecamatan Seluma Selatan. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 14(1), 85–96. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.14.1.85-96
Nazarova, K., et al. (2022). Regression Analysis Of Operating Profit Of The Company. Financial And Credit Activity Problems Of Theory And Practice, 4(45), 124–132. doi: 10.55643/fcaptp.4.45.2022.3667
Novitasari, E., Wagiono, & Wulandari, Y. S. (2023). Business Development Strategy Of Serai Wangi (Citronella Oil) Refinery Case Study: Pandawa Pilangsari Cooperative, Majalengka Regency. Elsa: Jurnal Agrimanex, 3(2), 140–148. doi: 10.35706/agrimanex.v3i2.8682
Mahendra, B., Suprapto, S., & Barima, H. (2021). Pengaruh Program Kartu Tani Terhadap Penurunan Biaya Pupuk Pada Petani Padi. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 20(2), 411–420. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.20.2.411-420
Purba, H. S., (2023). Analisis Nilai Tambah Pengolahan Daun Kelor (Moringa oliefera) Menjadi Teh Herbal di PT Keloria Moringa Jaya Medan (Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia). Retrieved from http://repository.umsu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/22813/SKRIPSI_HULKI%20SYAHJUDIN%20PURBA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Reddy, B. H., Pradeep, P., & Padmavathi, T. (2020). Development And Evaluation Of Value-Added Products From Moringa Leaves. Journal Of Pharmacognosy And Phytochemistry, 9(5), 660–663. doi: 10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i5j.12304
Rosyidah, A. Z., & Ismawati, R. (2016). Studi Tentang Tingkat Kesukaan Responden Terhadap Penganekaragaman Lauk Pauk Dari Daun Kelor (Moringa oleivera). E-Journal Boga, 5(1), 17-22. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230742623.pdf
Sarica, D., Demircan, V., Naziroglu, A., Aydin, O., & Koknaroglu, H. (2022). The Cost And Profitability Analysis Of Different Dairy Farm Sizes. Tropical Animal Health And Production, 54(5), 320. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03321-5
Siregar, E. L., (2021). Nilai Tambah dan Profitabilitas Usaha Pengolahan Ubi Kayu (Kasus: Usaha Olahan Ubi Kayu Pak Bendot, Kota Pekanbaru) (Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107466
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Ulma, R. O., Damayanti, Y., Elwamendri, Asropi, & Effran, E. (2023). Assessing The Cost Structure, Income, And Efficiency Of Red Chili Farming In Kayu Aro District, Kerinci Regency, And Implications For Rural Government Policies. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 22(02), 409–426. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.22.02.409-426
Umariyah, S., & Yuda, M. (2023). Analisa Nilai Tambah Tanaman Kelor Menjadi Kukis Sehat Sebagai Produk Unggulan SMK Gusdur Tuban. Jurnal AGRIBIS, 9(1), 15–22. doi: 10.36563/agribis.v9i1.748
Utami, A., Utama, S. P., & Asriani, P. S. (2020). Nilai Tambah Dan Keberlanjutan Usaha Pengolahan Pisang Di Kecamatan Curup Tengah Kabupaten Rejang Lebong (Studi Kasus Pisang Sari Gizi Kamiso Karto). Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 19(1), 191–206. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.19.1.191-206
Wachdijono, W., & Julhan, R. (2019). Analysis Of Added Value In Dry Sea Fish Agroindustry In Gebang Sub District, Cirebon Regency. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1360(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1360/1/012033
Wati, R., et al. (2021). Performance Analysis Of Milk Processing Units To Support Competitive Improvement Of The Milk Processing Industry In Padang Panjang City, West Sumatera Province. IOP Conference Series Earth And Environmental Science, 888(1), 1-7 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012083
Yulianto, K., Anugrah, T. M., & Santosa, S. (2024). Added Value Analysis Of Citronella Oil Processing Using The Hayami Method. Open Science And Technology, 4(1), 1–8. doi: 10.33292/ost.vol4no1.2024.109
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References
Adriyanto, F. R., & Rosiana, N. (2023). Incremental Quail Farming Business And Switching Value In Business Development (Case Study: Integrated Waste Disposal Site In Bogor City). Jurnal Agrisep: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 22(02), 303–320. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.22.02.303-320
Akter, T., Parvin, M. T., Mila, F. A., & Nahar, A. (2019). Factors Determining The Profitability Of Rice Farming In Bangladesh: Profitability Analysis Of Rice Farming In Bangladesh. Journal Of The Bangladesh Agricultural University, 17(1), 86-91. doi:10.3329/jbau.v17i1.40668
Ali, M. Y., et al. (2022). Moringa Oleifera: A Review On Nutritional Attributes, Therapeutic Applications And Value-Added Product Generation. Saarc Journal Of Agriculture, 20(2), 1–15. doi: 10.3329/sja.v20i2.63447
Alvarez, A., et al. (2018). The Profitability Of Value-Added Products In Dairy Farm Diversification Initiatives. Spanish Journal Of Agricultural Research, 16(2), 1-9. doi: 10.5424/sjar/2018162-11813
Aminah S.T., Ramdhan M., & Yanis. (2015). Kandungan Nutrisi dan Sifat Fungsional Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleifera). Buletin Pertanian Perkotaan, 5(2), 35-36. Retrieved from https://repository.pertanian.go.id/handle/123456789/11445
Amrullah, A., et al. (2020). An Added Value Analysis Of Pulu Mandoti Rice Agricultural Commodities At Farmers Level. IOP Conference Series Earth And Environmental Science, 486(1), 1-4. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/486/1/012040
Ara, J., Moheuddin, M. M., Hossain, S., & Titu, M. A. S. (2020). A Mathematical Study Of Break-Even Analysis Based On Dairy Farms In Bangladesh. International Journal Of Economic Behavior And Organization, 8(2), 38-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijebo.20200802.13
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Tengah. (2023). Kemiskinan 2022-2023. Retrieved from https://jateng.bps.go.id/indicator/23/34/1/kemiskinan.html
Baihaqi, A., et al. (2020). Analysis Of Value Added Agro Industry Arabica Export Coffee Processing In Aceh Tengah Case Study At Oro Coffee Gayo. IOP Conference Series Earth And Environmental Science, 425(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/425/1/012076
Dewi, K. H., et al. (2015). Analisis Nilai Tambah Kopi Teripang Jahe Pra Campur Saset. Jurnal Agrisep: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 12(2), 209–216. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.12.2.209-216
Dinas Pangan Pertanian Peternakan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Blora. (2023). Luas Lahan Perkebunan Rakyat 2023. Kabupaten Blora: DP4. Retrieved from https://dp4.blorakab.go.id/upload/file_ppid/2130cf6edf36b3247bd792501a9155c2.pdf
Fikri, T. S., (2020). Analisis Nilai Tambah Produk Olahan Rumput Laut (Studi Kasus Pt. Rumah Rumput Laut, Kabupaten Bogor) (Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/104596
Fomi, M. F. D., et al. (2023). Evaluating The Business Performance Of Broiler Chicken Farming: A Case Study Of PT. BCD In Selebar District, Bengkulu City. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 22(02), 377–394. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.22.02.377-394
Hayami, Y., et al. (1987). Agriculture Agricultural Marketing And Processing In Upland Java A Perspective From A Sunda Village. Bogor: CPGRT Centre. Retrieved from https://repository.unescap.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12870/4023/ESCAP-1987-WP-Agricultural-marketing-processing-in-Upland-Java.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Hidayat, S. (2019). Calculation Of Raw Material Costs For The Palm Oil Supply Chain Value Added Using Modified Hayami Method. IOP Conference Series Materials Science And Engineering, 528(1), 1-8. doi: 10.1088/1757-899x/528/1/012083
Hervito, F. A., Kurniati, N., & Mutmainnah, E. (2021). Analisis Finansial Dengan Pendekatan Cost Volume Profit Pada Usaha Kopi Bubuk Bukit Barisan Di Kabupaten Bengkulu Tengah. Jurnal Agrisep: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 20(2), 355–366. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.20.2.355-366
Hikmah, N. a. N., Fatonny, N. N., & Asrandi, N. (2022). Analisis Nilai Tambah Olahan Rumput Laut Pada CV. XYZ Di Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal E-bussiness Institut Teknologi Dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Polewali Mandar, 2(1), 1–4. doi: 10.59903/ebussiness.v2i1.20
Husna, N., Jamilah, Authar, M., & Riani. (2023). Analysis Of The Profitability Of Merang Mushroom Farming In Baktiya Barat District, North Aceh District. Journal Of Accounting Research, Utility Finance And Digital Assets, 1(4), 190–197. doi: 10.54443/jaruda.v1i4.185
Huzaimi, F., (2019). Analisis Nilai Tambah Dan Profitabilitas Produk Rumput Laut (Kasus: PT Rumah Rumput Laut, Kabupaten Bogor) (Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesa). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/100575
Kuncoro, M. (2000). Usaha Kecil di Indonesia, Profil, Masalah dan Strategi Pemberdayaan. Semarang: Sistem Informasi Terpadu UNIKA. Retrieved from https://sintak.unika.ac.id/staff/blog/uploaded/5811998215/files/struktur_ekonomi_-umkm.pdf
Lisarini, N. E., et al. (2022). Efisiensi Ekonomis Usahatani Kelor Organik Di Moringa Organik Indonesia Blora Jawa. Agrivet Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Dan Peternakan (Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Veteriner), 10(2), 260-268. doi: 10.31949/agrivet.v10i2.3787
Losvitasari, N. M., Budiasa, I. W., & Ambarawati, I. G. (2021). Analisis Finansial Agroindustri Kelor Di PT. Bali Agro Investama. Jurnal Manajemen Agribisnis (Journal of Agribusiness Management), 9(2), 391. doi: 10.24843/jma.2021.v09.i02.p04
Melinda, V., (2017). Analisis Nilai Tambah dan Profitabilitas Usaha Olahan Ubi Cilembu Pada Usaha Ma Utik di Desa Cilembu Kabupaten Sumedang (Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/87631
Mulyadi. (2001). Akuntansi Manajemen Edisi 3. Jakarta: Salemba Empat
Mulyadi. (2005). Akuntansi Biaya Edisi 5. Yogyakarta: UPP APP YKPN
Nasaruddin, M., Utama, S. P., & Andani, A. (2015). Nilai Tambah Pengolahan Daging Sapi Menjadi Bakso Pada Usaha Al-Hasanah Di Kelurahan Rimbo Kedui Kecamatan Seluma Selatan. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 14(1), 85–96. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.14.1.85-96
Nazarova, K., et al. (2022). Regression Analysis Of Operating Profit Of The Company. Financial And Credit Activity Problems Of Theory And Practice, 4(45), 124–132. doi: 10.55643/fcaptp.4.45.2022.3667
Novitasari, E., Wagiono, & Wulandari, Y. S. (2023). Business Development Strategy Of Serai Wangi (Citronella Oil) Refinery Case Study: Pandawa Pilangsari Cooperative, Majalengka Regency. Elsa: Jurnal Agrimanex, 3(2), 140–148. doi: 10.35706/agrimanex.v3i2.8682
Mahendra, B., Suprapto, S., & Barima, H. (2021). Pengaruh Program Kartu Tani Terhadap Penurunan Biaya Pupuk Pada Petani Padi. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 20(2), 411–420. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.20.2.411-420
Purba, H. S., (2023). Analisis Nilai Tambah Pengolahan Daun Kelor (Moringa oliefera) Menjadi Teh Herbal di PT Keloria Moringa Jaya Medan (Skripsi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia). Retrieved from http://repository.umsu.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/22813/SKRIPSI_HULKI%20SYAHJUDIN%20PURBA.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Reddy, B. H., Pradeep, P., & Padmavathi, T. (2020). Development And Evaluation Of Value-Added Products From Moringa Leaves. Journal Of Pharmacognosy And Phytochemistry, 9(5), 660–663. doi: 10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i5j.12304
Rosyidah, A. Z., & Ismawati, R. (2016). Studi Tentang Tingkat Kesukaan Responden Terhadap Penganekaragaman Lauk Pauk Dari Daun Kelor (Moringa oleivera). E-Journal Boga, 5(1), 17-22. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/230742623.pdf
Sarica, D., Demircan, V., Naziroglu, A., Aydin, O., & Koknaroglu, H. (2022). The Cost And Profitability Analysis Of Different Dairy Farm Sizes. Tropical Animal Health And Production, 54(5), 320. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03321-5
Siregar, E. L., (2021). Nilai Tambah dan Profitabilitas Usaha Pengolahan Ubi Kayu (Kasus: Usaha Olahan Ubi Kayu Pak Bendot, Kota Pekanbaru) (Skripsi, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/107466
Suprabowo, R. L., (2017). Analisis Sistem Pemasaran Dan Nilai Tambah Lidah Buaya Di Kabupaten Bogor (Tesis, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia). Retrieved from https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/91530
Ulma, R. O., Damayanti, Y., Elwamendri, Asropi, & Effran, E. (2023). Assessing The Cost Structure, Income, And Efficiency Of Red Chili Farming In Kayu Aro District, Kerinci Regency, And Implications For Rural Government Policies. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 22(02), 409–426. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.22.02.409-426
Umariyah, S., & Yuda, M. (2023). Analisa Nilai Tambah Tanaman Kelor Menjadi Kukis Sehat Sebagai Produk Unggulan SMK Gusdur Tuban. Jurnal AGRIBIS, 9(1), 15–22. doi: 10.36563/agribis.v9i1.748
Utami, A., Utama, S. P., & Asriani, P. S. (2020). Nilai Tambah Dan Keberlanjutan Usaha Pengolahan Pisang Di Kecamatan Curup Tengah Kabupaten Rejang Lebong (Studi Kasus Pisang Sari Gizi Kamiso Karto). Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 19(1), 191–206. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.19.1.191-206
Wachdijono, W., & Julhan, R. (2019). Analysis Of Added Value In Dry Sea Fish Agroindustry In Gebang Sub District, Cirebon Regency. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1360(1), 1-6. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1360/1/012033
Wati, R., et al. (2021). Performance Analysis Of Milk Processing Units To Support Competitive Improvement Of The Milk Processing Industry In Padang Panjang City, West Sumatera Province. IOP Conference Series Earth And Environmental Science, 888(1), 1-7 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/888/1/012083
Yulianto, K., Anugrah, T. M., & Santosa, S. (2024). Added Value Analysis Of Citronella Oil Processing Using The Hayami Method. Open Science And Technology, 4(1), 1–8. doi: 10.33292/ost.vol4no1.2024.109
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