Main Article Content
Abstract
Improving the technical efficiency of cassava is essential, as it enhances resource use, boosts, and drives broader economic growth. This study aimed to estimate the technical efficiency of cassava production as a contribution to food security, job creation, and sustainable agriculture-based development. Trenggalek Regency was chosen as the research location, considering that the regency is in the centre of cassava production in East Java Province, as a key factor in achieving sustainable agricultural development. The data were obtained through interviews with 70 cassava farmers, selected using stratified random sampling across two sub-districts. The data used in this study were primary and secondary data, while the data analysis used the stochastic frontier production function. The results of the study on the efficiency of production factors include land area (89.31), cassava seeds (5.36), labour (34.20), NPK fertiliser (6.70), KCL fertiliser (0.69), SP36 fertiliser (0.51), urea fertiliser (-0.49), and pesticide (-0.09). In general, cassava farming in Trenggalek Regency is not technically efficient in utilising production factors. In fact, technical efficiency is an important factor that needs to be considered, and there is great potential to increase cassava production through efficiency improvements. Therefore, interventions are needed to improve the technical efficiency of cassava farming through intensive counselling and training programs, appropriate input use, technological development, and improved access to capital, aiming to positively impact farmers` income, food security, and sustainable agricultural development.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ida Syamsu Roidah, Noor Rizkiyah, Fatchur Rozci, Herry Nur Faisal

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References
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- Akomolafe, J. K., Sennuga, S. O., Bamidele, J., Alabuja, F. O., & Bankole, O. L. (2023). Assessment Of Cassava Production Towards Household Food Security In Bwari Area Council. Indiana Journal Of Agriculture And Life Sciences, 3(2), 1–7. Retrieved from https://indianapublications.com/journal/IJALS
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- Alam, M. J., Islam, M. S., Mondol, A. T. M. A. I., Naser, H. M., Salahin, N., Alam, M. K., Islam, M. M., Akter, S., & Alam, Z. (2024). Cropping System-Based Fertilizer Strategies For Crop Productivity And Soil Health Under Minimum Tillage In Grey Terrace Soil. Heliyon, 10(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24106
- Aryal, J. P., Sapkota, T. B., Krupnik, T. J., Rahut, D. B., Jat, M. L., & Stirling, C. M. (2021). Factors Affecting Farmers’ Use Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers In South Asia. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 28(37), 51480–51496. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13975-7
- Ashebir, S. F. (2022). Current Status, Opportunities, And Constraints Of Cassava Production In Ethiopia: A Review. Journal Of Agricultural Science And Food Research, 11(11), 1–6. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
- Awotide, B. A., Abdoulaye, T., Alene, A., & Manyong, V. (2019). Socio-Economic Factors And Smallholder Cassava Farmers’ Access To Credit In South-Western Nigeria. Tropicultura, 37(1), 1-15. doi: 10.25518/2295-8010.262
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- Feyisa, A. S. (2022). Review Of The Role Of Orphan Crops In Food Security. Agecon Search, 3(2), 15-27. doi: 10.36956/rwae.v3i2.501
- Gemeyida, K. H., Haji, J., & Tegegne, B. (2019). Sources Of Technical Inefficiency Of Smallholder Farmers In Sorghum Production In Konso District, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal Of Agricultural Education And Extension, 5(1), 180–192. Retrieved from www.premierpublishers.org
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- Igbaifua, W. E., Adeniyi, O. R., & Omolehin, R. A. (2021). Comparativeanalysis Of Technical, Allocative And Economic Efficiencies Of Vitamin A Cassava Farmers With Other Improved Cassava Farmers In Oyo State, Nigeria. In Quest Journals Journal Of Research In Agriculture And Animal Science, 8(11), 1-27. Retrieved from www.questjournals.org
- Isonguyo, R. G., Yisa, E. S., & Kehinde, M. O. (2021). Production Efficiency Of Improved And Non-Improved Cassava Varieties In South-South, Nigeria. Ife Journal Of Agriculture, 33(1), 56–69. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
- Mondo, J. M., Irenge, A. B., Ayagirwe, R. B. B., Dontsop-Nguezet, P. M., Karume, K., Njukwe, E., Mapatano, S. M., Zamukulu, P. M., Basimine, G. C., Musungayi, E. M., Mbusa, H. K., Kazamwali, L. M., Civava, R., & Mushagalusa, G. N. (2019). Determinants Of Adoption And Farmers’ Preferences For Cassava Varieties In Kabare Territory, Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo. American Journal Of Rural Development, 7(2), 44–52. doi: 10.12691/ajrd-7-2-1
- Msuha, B. (2019). Demand Analysis For Cassava In Rural And Urban Areas: Is It An Inferior Or Normal Food? Journal Of Economics And Sustainable Development, 10(4), 152–164. doi: 10.7176/jesd/10-4-17
- Mtunguja, M. K., Beckles, D. M., Laswai, H. S., Ndunguru, J. C., & Sinha, N. J. (2019). Opportunities To Commercialize Cassava Production For Poverty Alleviation And Improved Food Security In Tanzania. African Journal Of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition And Development, 19(1), 13928–13946. doi: 10.18697/AJFAND.84.
- Nasir, M. A., Qori’Ah, C. G., & Wardhono, A. (2021). Measuring The Competitiveness Of Cassava In East Java, Indonesia: Evidence In Jember Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 759(1), 27-39. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/759/1/012049
- Ngongo, Y., Basuki, T., Derosari, B., Mau, Y. S., Noerwijati, K., Dasilva, H., Sitorus, A., Kotta, N. R. E., Utomo, W. H., & Wisnubroto, E. I. (2022). The Roles Of Cassava In Marginal Semi-Arid Farming In East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9), 1–22. doi: 10.3390/su14095439
- Norton, G. W., & Alwang, J. (2020). Changes In Agricultural Extension And Implications For Farmer Adoption Of New Practices. Applied Economic Perspectives And Policy, 42(1), 8–20. doi: 10.1002/aepp.13008
- Olaosebikan, O., Bello, A., Utoblo, O., Okoye, B., Olutegbe, N., Garner, E., Teeken, B., Bryan, E., Forsythe, L., Cole, S., Kulakow, P., Egesi, C.,
- Tufan, H., & Madu, T. (2023). Stressors And Resilience Within The Cassava Value Chain In Nigeria: Preferred Cassava Variety Traits And Response Strategies Of Men And Women To Inform Breeding. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(10), 1–18. doi: 10.3390/su15107837
- Onyediako, P. O., & Adiele. (2022. Enhanced Cassava Production For Food Security And Economic Development In Nigeria: A Review. Nigerian Agricultural Journal, 53(3), 204–211. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php
- Ouma, J. O., Abong’, G. O., & Ngala, S. (2021). Contribution Of Cassava And Cassava-Based Products To Food And Nutrition Security In Migori County, Kenya. African Journal Of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition And Development, 21(1), 17379–17414. doi: 10.18697/ajfand.96.19975
- Paul, M., Sarina, M., Paul, D. B., Anton, B., Andrew, K., Fred, T., Donald, K., Christopher, O., & John, C. (2022). Impacts Of Cassava Whitefly Pests On The Productivity Of East And Central African Smallholder Farmers. Journal Of Development And Agricultural Economics, 14(3), 60–78. doi: 10.5897/jdae2022.1330
- Rozi, F., Krisdiana, R., & Sutrisno, I. (2021). Pattern Of Cassava Demand As The Promising Commodity In The Future. Easychair Preprint, 199(1), 31–36. doi: 10.2991/aebmr.k.211214.005
- Saediman, H., Aisa, S., Zani, M., Limi, M. A., & Yusria, W. O. (2019). Food Security Status Of Households In A Cassava-Growing Village In Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal Of Agricultural Extension, 23(1), 199–209. doi: 10.4314/jae.v23i1.17
- Sinaga, Y. J., Kusnadi, N., & Rachmina, D. (2021). The Effect Of Technical Efficiency On The Competitiveness Of Cassava Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 18(3), 265–274. doi: 10.17358/jma.18.3.265
- Sukerta, I. M., Suryana, I. M., & Yuesti, A. (2020). Value Potential Of Dry Land For Future Agricultural Development In Bali. Eurasian Journal Of Biosciences, 14(1), 683–697. Retrieved from https://eprints.unmas.ac.id
- Tafesse, A., Mena, B., Belay, A., Aynekulu, E., Recha, J. W., Osano, P. M., Darr, D., Demissie, T. D., Endalamaw, T. B., & Solomon, D. (2021). Cassava Production Efficiency In Southern Ethiopia: The Parametric Model Analysis. Frontiers Sustainable Food Systems, 5(1), 1-21. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.758951
- Teguh, T. E., Zakaria, W. A., Indah, L. S. M., & Seta, A. P. (2022a). Strategies And Policies To Increase Competitiveness Of Cassava In Lampung Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 19(3), 492–500. doi: 10.17358/jma.19.3.492
- Teguh, T. E., Zakaria, W. A., Indah, L. S. M., & Seta, A. P. (2022b). Strategies And Policies To Increase Competitiveness Of Cassava In Lampung Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 19(3): 492-500. doi: 10.17358/jma.19.3.492
- Timothy J., Coelli, D. S. Prasada, R., Christopher, J., O’Donnell, G. E. B. (2005). An Introduction To Efficiency And Productivity Analysis. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b136381
- Uzochukwu, U. V, Nenna, G. M., & Obianefo, A. C. (2021). Adoption Of Improved Cassava Production Technologies Among Small-Scale Farmers In Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal Of Plant Sciences, 9(4), 119-131. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.11
- Widodo, Y., Wahyuningsih, S., & Newby, J. (2015). Fuelling Cassava Development To Meet The Greater Demand For Food And Bio-Fuel In Indonesia. Energy Procedia, 65(1), 386–394. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.01.068
- Widyawati, W. (2020). Technical Efficiency Analysis Of Sugar Cane Production In East Java. HABITAT, 31(2), 95–101. doi: 10.21776/ub.habitat.2020.031.2.11
- Wulandari, S., Alami, E. N., Khamidah, A., Rizal, A. M., Purbiati, T., & Yustina, I. (2023). Cassava As A Local Material Source For Some Types Of Food Products. E3S Web Of Conferences, 373(1) 1–7. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202337304025
- Yisa, E. S., Nwojo, M. I., Coker, A. A. A., Adewumi, A., & Ibrahim, F. D. (2020). Gender Differentials In Technical Efficiency Among Small-Scale Cassava Farmers In Abia State, Nigeria. Asian Journal Of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 38(5), 98–109. doi: 10.9734/ajaees/2020/v38i530351
References
Adefunsho, O. T., Olayinka, A. T., & Elega, J. O. (2022). Analysis Of The Trend And Determinants Of Cassava Consumption In Nigeria (1970 – 2020). International Journal Of Innovative Research & Development, 11(11), 1–7. doi: 10.24940/ijird/2022/v11/i11/NOV22006
Adejuwon, J. O., & Agundiminegha, Y. G. (2019). Impact Of Climate Variability On Cassava Yield In The Humid Forest Agro-Ecological Zone Of Nigeria. Journal Of Applied Sciences And Environmental Management, 23(5), 903-915. doi: 10.4314/jasem.v23i5.21
Akerele, E. O., Odojukan, D. M., Yangomodou, O. D., Olugbemi, M. T., Solana, O. I., Ilori, A. R., & Fadipe, M. O. (2019). Productivity And Technical Efficiency Of Cassava Production In Ogun State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science (IOSR-JAVS),12(11), 33–40. doi: 10.9790/2380-1211013340
Akomolafe, J. K., Sennuga, S. O., Bamidele, J., Alabuja, F. O., & Bankole, O. L. (2023). Assessment Of Cassava Production Towards Household Food Security In Bwari Area Council. Indiana Journal Of Agriculture And Life Sciences, 3(2), 1–7. Retrieved from https://indianapublications.com/journal/IJALS
Akpaeti, A. J., & Frank, N. N. (2021). Technical Efficiency Of Cassava Cooperative Farmers In South-South, Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis. Nigeria Agricultural Journal, 52(2), 8–14. Retrieved from http://www.ajol.info/index.php/naj
Alam, M. J., Islam, M. S., Mondol, A. T. M. A. I., Naser, H. M., Salahin, N., Alam, M. K., Islam, M. M., Akter, S., & Alam, Z. (2024). Cropping System-Based Fertilizer Strategies For Crop Productivity And Soil Health Under Minimum Tillage In Grey Terrace Soil. Heliyon, 10(1), 1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24106
Aryal, J. P., Sapkota, T. B., Krupnik, T. J., Rahut, D. B., Jat, M. L., & Stirling, C. M. (2021). Factors Affecting Farmers’ Use Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers In South Asia. Environmental Science And Pollution Research, 28(37), 51480–51496. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13975-7
Ashebir, S. F. (2022). Current Status, Opportunities, And Constraints Of Cassava Production In Ethiopia: A Review. Journal Of Agricultural Science And Food Research, 11(11), 1–6. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
Awotide, B. A., Abdoulaye, T., Alene, A., & Manyong, V. (2019). Socio-Economic Factors And Smallholder Cassava Farmers’ Access To Credit In South-Western Nigeria. Tropicultura, 37(1), 1-15. doi: 10.25518/2295-8010.262
Battese, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (1995). A Model For Technical Inefficiency Effects In A Stochastic Frontier Production Function For Panel Data. New York: Springer
Bondina, N., Bondin, I., Pavlova, I., & Mamai, O. (2022). Modeling The Efficiency Of The Use Of Production Potential. BIO Web Of Conferences, 30(1), 8–11. doi: 10.1051/bioconf/20225200030
Direktorat Jenderal Tanaman Pangan. (2023). Laporan Tahun 2023. Retrieved from https://bbppmbtph.tanamanpangan.pertanian.go.id/upload/file/8695de597968f8305162c12e088343db.pdf
Edet, A. E., Melvin, A., Amata, U., Ettah, O., & Michael Ubi, G. (2019). Strategic Policies In Expanding Frontiers Of Food Security Among Cassava-Based Farmers In Cross River State, Nigeria. Annual Research & Review In Biology, 33(5), 1–12. doi: 10.9734/arrb/2019/v33i530133
Feyisa, A. S. (2021). Current Status, Opportunities And Constraints Of Cassava Production In Ethiopia: A Review. Journal Of Agricultural Science And Food Research, 11(5), 1–6. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.
Feyisa, A. S. (2022). Review Of The Role Of Orphan Crops In Food Security. Agecon Search, 3(2), 15-27. doi: 10.36956/rwae.v3i2.501
Gemeyida, K. H., Haji, J., & Tegegne, B. (2019). Sources Of Technical Inefficiency Of Smallholder Farmers In Sorghum Production In Konso District, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal Of Agricultural Education And Extension, 5(1), 180–192. Retrieved from www.premierpublishers.org
Hussayn, J. A., Gulak, D. M., & Aboaba, K. (2020). Effects Of Agricultural Commercialization On Poverty Status Of Smallholder Cassava Farming Household In Oyo State, Nigeria. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering In Agriculture And Rural Development. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347228454
Igbaifua, W. E., Adeniyi, O. R., & Omolehin, R. A. (2021). Comparativeanalysis Of Technical, Allocative And Economic Efficiencies Of Vitamin A Cassava Farmers With Other Improved Cassava Farmers In Oyo State, Nigeria. In Quest Journals Journal Of Research In Agriculture And Animal Science, 8(11), 1-27. Retrieved from www.questjournals.org
Isonguyo, R. G., Yisa, E. S., & Kehinde, M. O. (2021). Production Efficiency Of Improved And Non-Improved Cassava Varieties In South-South, Nigeria. Ife Journal Of Agriculture, 33(1), 56–69. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
Mondo, J. M., Irenge, A. B., Ayagirwe, R. B. B., Dontsop-Nguezet, P. M., Karume, K., Njukwe, E., Mapatano, S. M., Zamukulu, P. M., Basimine, G. C., Musungayi, E. M., Mbusa, H. K., Kazamwali, L. M., Civava, R., & Mushagalusa, G. N. (2019). Determinants Of Adoption And Farmers’ Preferences For Cassava Varieties In Kabare Territory, Eastern Democratic Republic Of Congo. American Journal Of Rural Development, 7(2), 44–52. doi: 10.12691/ajrd-7-2-1
Msuha, B. (2019). Demand Analysis For Cassava In Rural And Urban Areas: Is It An Inferior Or Normal Food? Journal Of Economics And Sustainable Development, 10(4), 152–164. doi: 10.7176/jesd/10-4-17
Mtunguja, M. K., Beckles, D. M., Laswai, H. S., Ndunguru, J. C., & Sinha, N. J. (2019). Opportunities To Commercialize Cassava Production For Poverty Alleviation And Improved Food Security In Tanzania. African Journal Of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition And Development, 19(1), 13928–13946. doi: 10.18697/AJFAND.84.
Nasir, M. A., Qori’Ah, C. G., & Wardhono, A. (2021). Measuring The Competitiveness Of Cassava In East Java, Indonesia: Evidence In Jember Regency. IOP Conference Series: Earth And Environmental Science, 759(1), 27-39. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/759/1/012049
Ngongo, Y., Basuki, T., Derosari, B., Mau, Y. S., Noerwijati, K., Dasilva, H., Sitorus, A., Kotta, N. R. E., Utomo, W. H., & Wisnubroto, E. I. (2022). The Roles Of Cassava In Marginal Semi-Arid Farming In East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9), 1–22. doi: 10.3390/su14095439
Norton, G. W., & Alwang, J. (2020). Changes In Agricultural Extension And Implications For Farmer Adoption Of New Practices. Applied Economic Perspectives And Policy, 42(1), 8–20. doi: 10.1002/aepp.13008
Olaosebikan, O., Bello, A., Utoblo, O., Okoye, B., Olutegbe, N., Garner, E., Teeken, B., Bryan, E., Forsythe, L., Cole, S., Kulakow, P., Egesi, C.,
Tufan, H., & Madu, T. (2023). Stressors And Resilience Within The Cassava Value Chain In Nigeria: Preferred Cassava Variety Traits And Response Strategies Of Men And Women To Inform Breeding. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(10), 1–18. doi: 10.3390/su15107837
Onyediako, P. O., & Adiele. (2022. Enhanced Cassava Production For Food Security And Economic Development In Nigeria: A Review. Nigerian Agricultural Journal, 53(3), 204–211. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php
Ouma, J. O., Abong’, G. O., & Ngala, S. (2021). Contribution Of Cassava And Cassava-Based Products To Food And Nutrition Security In Migori County, Kenya. African Journal Of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition And Development, 21(1), 17379–17414. doi: 10.18697/ajfand.96.19975
Paul, M., Sarina, M., Paul, D. B., Anton, B., Andrew, K., Fred, T., Donald, K., Christopher, O., & John, C. (2022). Impacts Of Cassava Whitefly Pests On The Productivity Of East And Central African Smallholder Farmers. Journal Of Development And Agricultural Economics, 14(3), 60–78. doi: 10.5897/jdae2022.1330
Rozi, F., Krisdiana, R., & Sutrisno, I. (2021). Pattern Of Cassava Demand As The Promising Commodity In The Future. Easychair Preprint, 199(1), 31–36. doi: 10.2991/aebmr.k.211214.005
Saediman, H., Aisa, S., Zani, M., Limi, M. A., & Yusria, W. O. (2019). Food Security Status Of Households In A Cassava-Growing Village In Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal Of Agricultural Extension, 23(1), 199–209. doi: 10.4314/jae.v23i1.17
Sinaga, Y. J., Kusnadi, N., & Rachmina, D. (2021). The Effect Of Technical Efficiency On The Competitiveness Of Cassava Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 18(3), 265–274. doi: 10.17358/jma.18.3.265
Sukerta, I. M., Suryana, I. M., & Yuesti, A. (2020). Value Potential Of Dry Land For Future Agricultural Development In Bali. Eurasian Journal Of Biosciences, 14(1), 683–697. Retrieved from https://eprints.unmas.ac.id
Tafesse, A., Mena, B., Belay, A., Aynekulu, E., Recha, J. W., Osano, P. M., Darr, D., Demissie, T. D., Endalamaw, T. B., & Solomon, D. (2021). Cassava Production Efficiency In Southern Ethiopia: The Parametric Model Analysis. Frontiers Sustainable Food Systems, 5(1), 1-21. doi: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.758951
Teguh, T. E., Zakaria, W. A., Indah, L. S. M., & Seta, A. P. (2022a). Strategies And Policies To Increase Competitiveness Of Cassava In Lampung Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 19(3), 492–500. doi: 10.17358/jma.19.3.492
Teguh, T. E., Zakaria, W. A., Indah, L. S. M., & Seta, A. P. (2022b). Strategies And Policies To Increase Competitiveness Of Cassava In Lampung Province, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Agribisnis, 19(3): 492-500. doi: 10.17358/jma.19.3.492
Timothy J., Coelli, D. S. Prasada, R., Christopher, J., O’Donnell, G. E. B. (2005). An Introduction To Efficiency And Productivity Analysis. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b136381
Uzochukwu, U. V, Nenna, G. M., & Obianefo, A. C. (2021). Adoption Of Improved Cassava Production Technologies Among Small-Scale Farmers In Anambra State, Nigeria. Journal Of Plant Sciences, 9(4), 119-131. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210904.11
Widodo, Y., Wahyuningsih, S., & Newby, J. (2015). Fuelling Cassava Development To Meet The Greater Demand For Food And Bio-Fuel In Indonesia. Energy Procedia, 65(1), 386–394. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.01.068
Widyawati, W. (2020). Technical Efficiency Analysis Of Sugar Cane Production In East Java. HABITAT, 31(2), 95–101. doi: 10.21776/ub.habitat.2020.031.2.11
Wulandari, S., Alami, E. N., Khamidah, A., Rizal, A. M., Purbiati, T., & Yustina, I. (2023). Cassava As A Local Material Source For Some Types Of Food Products. E3S Web Of Conferences, 373(1) 1–7. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202337304025
Yisa, E. S., Nwojo, M. I., Coker, A. A. A., Adewumi, A., & Ibrahim, F. D. (2020). Gender Differentials In Technical Efficiency Among Small-Scale Cassava Farmers In Abia State, Nigeria. Asian Journal Of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 38(5), 98–109. doi: 10.9734/ajaees/2020/v38i530351