Main Article Content
Abstract
This study analyzes consumer preferences and Willingness to Pay (WTP) for organic broiler chicken in the Jabodetabek area. The discrete choice experiment (DCE) method analyzes consumer preferences and WTP based on relevant attributes that are in the market or similar to those in the market. The attributes analyzed were organic label, product form, freshness, taste, and price. These five attributes were selected based on a literature review. The study was conducted on 105 respondents who had experience buying and consuming it. Data were collected online from September to October 2024. The results showed that consumers prefer organic broiler chicken with organic labels, cuts/parts, fresh, and tasty. Conversely, high prices can decrease consumers' utility. Consumers are willing to pay IDR Rp96,883/kg more for organic broilers with organic labels, IDR 22,516/kg for cuts/parts, IDR 34,101/kg for fresh, and IDR 70,634/kg for tasty. This study emphasizes the importance of organic certification in increasing consumer confidence and the provision of organic broilers in practical and fresh forms. Producers and marketers are advised to prioritize product quality and convenience and develop marketing strategies highlighting the superior taste and health benefits of this product.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2025 Melysa Nabilasari, Harmini, Yanti Nuraeni Muflikh

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References
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- Cobanoglu, F., Kucukyilmaz, K., Cinar, M., Bozkurt, M., Catli, A. U., & Bintas, E. (2014). Comparing The Profitability Of Organic And Conventional Broiler Production. Brazilian Journal Of Poultry Science, 16(4), 403–410. doi: 10.1590/1516-635x1604403-410
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- Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2009). Klasifikasi Umur Menurut Kategori. Jakarta: Ditjen Yankes
- Dewi, W. W. A., & Syauki, W. R. (2023). Green Awareness Of Female Consumers Towards Sustainable Products In Indonesia. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 13(1), 129–139. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.13.1.129-139
- Fedorova, Z. L., Vakhrameev, A. B., & Makarova, A. V. (2023). The Prospect of Using Chicken Breeds of The Combined Type of Productivity In Organic Poultry Farming. Agrarian Science, 8155(12), 51–56. doi: 10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-51-56
- Ghali-Zinoubi, Z. (2021). On Linking Socioeconomic Status To Consumer Willingness To Buy And Pay For Organic Food. Journal Of Food Science And Technology, 58(3), 1042–1050. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04618-9
- Hasanin, F., Maghraby, O., & Mostafa, A. (2015). Fractionation Of Amino Acids And Fatty Acids Of Fresh Local And Frozen Imported Chicken Meat. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 29(2), 17–22. doi: 10.21608/bvmj.2015.31540
- Indrawan, D., Christy, A., & Hogeveen, H. (2021). Improving Poultry Meat And Sales Channels To Address Food Safety Concerns: Consumers’ Preferences On Poultry Meat Attributes. British Food Journal, 123(13), 529–546. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-04-2021-0362
- Jayasathya, R., & Rekha, G. (2018). A Study On Consumer’s Preference And Purchase Intention Towards Organic Poultry. International Journal Of Applied Research, 4(3), 308–311. Retrieved from https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue3/PartE/4-3-27-488.pdf
- Jozias, V., Timisela, N. R., & Lawalata, M. (2020). Analisis Segmentasi Pasar Sayuran Organik Di Pulau Saparua Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(1), 72–82. doi: 10.20961/sepa.v17i1.42910
- Klemeshova, I. Y., Reimer, V. A., Tarabanova, E. V., & Alekseeva, Z. N. (2021). Theoretical Basis of Obtaining Poultry Products of Organic Status. Bulletin Of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), 2(1), 125–131. doi: 10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-125-131
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- Liu, C., Liu, X., Yao, L., & Liu, J. (2023). Consumer Preferences And Willingness To Pay For Eco-Labelled Eggs: A Discrete Choice Experiment From Chongqing In China. British Food Journal, 125(5), 1683–1697. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-12-2021-1305
- Lizin, S., Rousseau, S., Kessels, R., Meulders, M., Pepermans, G., Speelman, S., Vandebroek, M., Van Den Broeck, G., Van Loo, E. J., & Verbeke, W. (2022). The State Of The Art Of Discrete Choice Experiments In Food Research. Food Quality And Preference, 102(1), 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104678
- Louviere, J. J., Flynn, T. N., & Carson, R. T. (2010). Discrete Choice Experiments Are Not Conjoint Analysis. Journal Of Choice Modelling, 3(3), 57–72. doi: 10.1016/S1755-5345(13)70014-9
- Ludwig-Borycz, E., Guyer, H. M., Aljahdali, A. A., & Baylin, A. (2021). Organic Food Consumption Is Associated With Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Older Adults. Public Health Nutrition, 24(14), 4603–4613. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020005236
- McFadden, D. (1974). Conditional Logit Analysis Of Qualitative Choice Behavior. New York: Academic Press
- Michel, L. M., Anders, S., & Wismer, W. V. (2011). Consumer Preferences And Willingness To Pay For Value-Added Chicken Product Attributes. Journal Of Food Science, 76(8), 5469–5477. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02354.x
- Mitic, V. C., & Colovic, M. M. (2022). The Basic Features Of Typical Consumers Of Organic Food. Journal Of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade), 67(4), 433–452. doi: 10.2298/JAS2204433M
- Molee, W., Khosinklang, W., Tongduang, P., Thumanu, K., Yongsawatdigul, J., & Molee, A. (2022). Biomolecules, Fatty Acids, Meat Quality, And Growth Performance Of Slow-Growing Chickens In An Organic Raising System. Animals, 12(5), 1–20. doi: 10.3390/ani12050570
- Ningrum, A. P. T., Saty, F. M., & Zaini, M. (2022). Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pembelian Ayam Organik Di Provinsi Lampung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 3(1), 237–248. doi: 10.47687/snppvp.v3i1.309
- Ofuoku, A. U., & Akusu, M. O. (2016). Preference And Willingness Of Consumers To Pay For Value-Added Poultry Products In Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria. Journal Of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition), 23(4), 82–92. doi: 10.1016/s1006-8104(17)30011-9
- Orme, B. K. (2010). Getting Started Getting With Conjoint Analysi Strategies For Product Design And Pricing Research (2 ed.). Madison: Research Publishers LLC
- Priyambodo, C. S., Sastryawanto, H., & Hermawati, D. T. (2019). Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Buah Jeruk Di Pasar Keputran Utara, Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio Agribis, 19(1), 85–103. Retrieved from https://journal.uwks.ac.id/index.php/sosioagribis/article/view/690
- Probowati, D. D., Supardi, S., & Marwanti, S. (2016). Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Dan Strategi Pemasaran Buah Jeruk Keprok Di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 12(2), 120–132. doi: 10.20961/sepa.v12i2.14402
- Pujiastuti, R. R. B. C., Hadi, S., & Yusri, J. (2023). Analisis Kesediaan Membayar Ayam Organik Mentah Produksi UD. Rahayu AK Kota Pekanbaru Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroinfo Galuh, 10(1), 680–696. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/agroinfogaluh/article/view/9304
- Ragasa, C., Andam, K. ., Amewu, S., & Asante, S. B. (2019). Consumer Demand And Willingness To Pay For Safe Food In Accra, Ghana Implications For Public And Private Sectors’ Roles In Food Safety Management. Social Science Research Network, 1(1), 1–38. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36693.88805
- Ragavan, N., & Mageh, R. (2013). A Study on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Towards Organic Products. Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research, 2(1), 111–114. doi: 10.15373/22501991/jan2013/41
- Ristanti, E. W., Kismiati, S., & Harjanti, D. W. (2017). Pengaruh Lama Pemaparan Pada Suhu Ruang Terhadap Total Bakteri, PH dan Kandungan Protein Daging Ayam Di Pasar Tradisional Kabupaten Semarang. AGROMEDIA: Berkala Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian, 35(1), 50–57. doi: 10.47728/ag.v35i1.192
- Shaba, S. M., Choi, S. H., & Chung, W. H. (2018). Consumers’ Perceptions and Valuation Of An Organic Chicken In Malawi. Korean Journal Of Organic Agricultue, 26(1), 19–31. doi: 10.11625/KJOA.2018.26.1.19
- Shin, D. J., Jo, C., Kim, D., Jung, Y., Lee, J. H., Nam, K. C., Choo, H.-J., & Jang, A. (2023). Taste-Related And Volatile Organic Compounds Of Fresh And Frozen–Thawed Chicken Breast Meat. Journal Of Animal Science And Technology, 66(6), 1221-1236 doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e125
- Singhal, N. (2017). A Study Of Consumer Behavior Towards Organic Food And The Moderating Effects Of Health Consciousness. The IUP Journal of Marketing Management, 16(3), 45–79. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3215699
- Siva, E., & Chandrachud, S. (2022). Organic Farm Products And Socio Demography: A Study Special Reference With Tiruvannamalai District. International Journal Of Health Sciences, 6(51), 4922–4930. doi: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.5944
- Tan, K. G., Merdikawati, N., Amri, M., & Tan, K. Y. (2016). Analisis Daya Saing Provinsi dan Wilayah Menjaga Momentum Pertumbuhan Indonesia Edisi 2014. Singapura: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd
- Thuannadee, A., & Noosuwan, C. (2023). Consumer Meat Preference And Willingness To Pay For Local Organic Meat In Thailand: A Case Study Of Taphao Thong-Kasetsart Chicken. Journal Of Agribusiness In Developing and Emerging Economies, 1(2), 1-16. doi: 10.1108/JADEE-12-2022-0279
- Train, K. E. (2014). Discrete Choice Methods With Simulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- Van Loo, E. J., Caputo, V., Nayga, R. M., Meullenet, J. F., & Ricke, S. C. (2011). Consumers’ Willingness to Pay For Organic Chicken Breast: Evidence From Choice Experiment. Food Quality And Preference, 22(7), 603–613. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.02.003
- Wang, Q. J., Dalsgard, J., & Giacalone, D. (2022). Shopping For A Sustainable Future: Two Case Studies On Consumer Perception Of Organic Cotton And Wine. Food Quality And Preference, 96(2), 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104405
- Yilmaz, B. (2023). Factors Influencing Consumers’ Behaviour towards Purchasing Organic Foods: A Theoretical Model. Sustainability, 15(20), 1–17. doi: 10.3390/su152014895
- Yulianti, Y., & Deliana, Y. (2018). Gaya Hidup Kaitannya dengan Keputusan Konsumen dalam Membeli Minuman Kopi. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(1), 39–50. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.17.1.39-50
- Yusnita, M. (2010). Pola Perilaku Konsumen dan Produsen. Semarang: Balai Pustaka
References
Aliansi Organis Indonesia. (2020). Statistik Pertanian Organik Indonesia 2019. Bogor: Aliansi Organis Indonesia
Amudha, K., & Thaiyalnayaki, M. (2024). Consumer Involvement And Purchase Pattern Of Organic Food Products In Chennai City. Educational Administration Theory And Practices, 30(1), 687–694. doi: 10.53555/kuey.v30i5.5253
Asante, C., & Weible, D. (2019). Is There Hope for Domestically Produced Poultrymeat? A Choice Experiment of Consumers in Ghana. Agribusiness, 36(2), 281–298. doi: 10.1002/agr.21626
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2016). Penggolongan Pendapatan Penduduk. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik
Bi, X., Gao, Z., House, L. A., & Hausmann, D. S. (2015). Tradeoffs Between Sensory Attributes And Organic Labels: The Case Of Orange Juice. International Journal Of Consumer Studies, 39(2), 162–171. doi: 10.1111/ijcs.12164
Cobanoglu, F., Kucukyilmaz, K., Cinar, M., Bozkurt, M., Catli, A. U., & Bintas, E. (2014). Comparing The Profitability Of Organic And Conventional Broiler Production. Brazilian Journal Of Poultry Science, 16(4), 403–410. doi: 10.1590/1516-635x1604403-410
Costa, J., Morgado, C., Fernandes, A., Guerra, M., & Brandao, C. (2019). Profile And Motivations Of Consumers Of Organic Products. Proceedings Of The 2nd International Congress On Engineering And Sustainability In The XXI Century, 174–183. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-30938-1_14
Databoks. (2024). Konsumsi Daging Ayam Per Kapita Indonesia Meningkat Pada 2023. Retrieved from https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2024/04/22/konsumsi-daging-ayam-per-kapita-indonesia-meningkat-pada-2023
Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2009). Klasifikasi Umur Menurut Kategori. Jakarta: Ditjen Yankes
Dewi, W. W. A., & Syauki, W. R. (2023). Green Awareness Of Female Consumers Towards Sustainable Products In Indonesia. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 13(1), 129–139. doi: 10.29244/jpsl.13.1.129-139
Fedorova, Z. L., Vakhrameev, A. B., & Makarova, A. V. (2023). The Prospect of Using Chicken Breeds of The Combined Type of Productivity In Organic Poultry Farming. Agrarian Science, 8155(12), 51–56. doi: 10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-51-56
Ghali-Zinoubi, Z. (2021). On Linking Socioeconomic Status To Consumer Willingness To Buy And Pay For Organic Food. Journal Of Food Science And Technology, 58(3), 1042–1050. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04618-9
Hasanin, F., Maghraby, O., & Mostafa, A. (2015). Fractionation Of Amino Acids And Fatty Acids Of Fresh Local And Frozen Imported Chicken Meat. Benha Veterinary Medical Journal, 29(2), 17–22. doi: 10.21608/bvmj.2015.31540
Indrawan, D., Christy, A., & Hogeveen, H. (2021). Improving Poultry Meat And Sales Channels To Address Food Safety Concerns: Consumers’ Preferences On Poultry Meat Attributes. British Food Journal, 123(13), 529–546. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-04-2021-0362
Jayasathya, R., & Rekha, G. (2018). A Study On Consumer’s Preference And Purchase Intention Towards Organic Poultry. International Journal Of Applied Research, 4(3), 308–311. Retrieved from https://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2018/vol4issue3/PartE/4-3-27-488.pdf
Jozias, V., Timisela, N. R., & Lawalata, M. (2020). Analisis Segmentasi Pasar Sayuran Organik Di Pulau Saparua Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(1), 72–82. doi: 10.20961/sepa.v17i1.42910
Klemeshova, I. Y., Reimer, V. A., Tarabanova, E. V., & Alekseeva, Z. N. (2021). Theoretical Basis of Obtaining Poultry Products of Organic Status. Bulletin Of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), 2(1), 125–131. doi: 10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-125-131
Kwadzo, G., Dadzie, F., Osei-Asare, Y., & Kuwornu, J. K. M. (2013). Consumer Preference For Broiler Meat In Ghana: A Conjoint Analysis Approach. International Journal Of Marketing Studies, 5(2), 66–73. doi: 10.5539/ijms.v5n2p66
Liu, C., Liu, X., Yao, L., & Liu, J. (2023). Consumer Preferences And Willingness To Pay For Eco-Labelled Eggs: A Discrete Choice Experiment From Chongqing In China. British Food Journal, 125(5), 1683–1697. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-12-2021-1305
Lizin, S., Rousseau, S., Kessels, R., Meulders, M., Pepermans, G., Speelman, S., Vandebroek, M., Van Den Broeck, G., Van Loo, E. J., & Verbeke, W. (2022). The State Of The Art Of Discrete Choice Experiments In Food Research. Food Quality And Preference, 102(1), 1–16. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104678
Louviere, J. J., Flynn, T. N., & Carson, R. T. (2010). Discrete Choice Experiments Are Not Conjoint Analysis. Journal Of Choice Modelling, 3(3), 57–72. doi: 10.1016/S1755-5345(13)70014-9
Ludwig-Borycz, E., Guyer, H. M., Aljahdali, A. A., & Baylin, A. (2021). Organic Food Consumption Is Associated With Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Older Adults. Public Health Nutrition, 24(14), 4603–4613. doi: 10.1017/S1368980020005236
McFadden, D. (1974). Conditional Logit Analysis Of Qualitative Choice Behavior. New York: Academic Press
Michel, L. M., Anders, S., & Wismer, W. V. (2011). Consumer Preferences And Willingness To Pay For Value-Added Chicken Product Attributes. Journal Of Food Science, 76(8), 5469–5477. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02354.x
Mitic, V. C., & Colovic, M. M. (2022). The Basic Features Of Typical Consumers Of Organic Food. Journal Of Agricultural Sciences (Belgrade), 67(4), 433–452. doi: 10.2298/JAS2204433M
Molee, W., Khosinklang, W., Tongduang, P., Thumanu, K., Yongsawatdigul, J., & Molee, A. (2022). Biomolecules, Fatty Acids, Meat Quality, And Growth Performance Of Slow-Growing Chickens In An Organic Raising System. Animals, 12(5), 1–20. doi: 10.3390/ani12050570
Ningrum, A. P. T., Saty, F. M., & Zaini, M. (2022). Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pembelian Ayam Organik Di Provinsi Lampung. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan Dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 3(1), 237–248. doi: 10.47687/snppvp.v3i1.309
Ofuoku, A. U., & Akusu, M. O. (2016). Preference And Willingness Of Consumers To Pay For Value-Added Poultry Products In Niger Delta Region Of Nigeria. Journal Of Northeast Agricultural University (English Edition), 23(4), 82–92. doi: 10.1016/s1006-8104(17)30011-9
Orme, B. K. (2010). Getting Started Getting With Conjoint Analysi Strategies For Product Design And Pricing Research (2 ed.). Madison: Research Publishers LLC
Priyambodo, C. S., Sastryawanto, H., & Hermawati, D. T. (2019). Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Buah Jeruk Di Pasar Keputran Utara, Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Sosio Agribis, 19(1), 85–103. Retrieved from https://journal.uwks.ac.id/index.php/sosioagribis/article/view/690
Probowati, D. D., Supardi, S., & Marwanti, S. (2016). Analisis Preferensi Konsumen Dan Strategi Pemasaran Buah Jeruk Keprok Di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 12(2), 120–132. doi: 10.20961/sepa.v12i2.14402
Pujiastuti, R. R. B. C., Hadi, S., & Yusri, J. (2023). Analisis Kesediaan Membayar Ayam Organik Mentah Produksi UD. Rahayu AK Kota Pekanbaru Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Agroinfo Galuh, 10(1), 680–696. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/agroinfogaluh/article/view/9304
Ragasa, C., Andam, K. ., Amewu, S., & Asante, S. B. (2019). Consumer Demand And Willingness To Pay For Safe Food In Accra, Ghana Implications For Public And Private Sectors’ Roles In Food Safety Management. Social Science Research Network, 1(1), 1–38. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36693.88805
Ragavan, N., & Mageh, R. (2013). A Study on Consumers’ Purchase Intentions Towards Organic Products. Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research, 2(1), 111–114. doi: 10.15373/22501991/jan2013/41
Ristanti, E. W., Kismiati, S., & Harjanti, D. W. (2017). Pengaruh Lama Pemaparan Pada Suhu Ruang Terhadap Total Bakteri, PH dan Kandungan Protein Daging Ayam Di Pasar Tradisional Kabupaten Semarang. AGROMEDIA: Berkala Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian, 35(1), 50–57. doi: 10.47728/ag.v35i1.192
Shaba, S. M., Choi, S. H., & Chung, W. H. (2018). Consumers’ Perceptions and Valuation Of An Organic Chicken In Malawi. Korean Journal Of Organic Agricultue, 26(1), 19–31. doi: 10.11625/KJOA.2018.26.1.19
Shin, D. J., Jo, C., Kim, D., Jung, Y., Lee, J. H., Nam, K. C., Choo, H.-J., & Jang, A. (2023). Taste-Related And Volatile Organic Compounds Of Fresh And Frozen–Thawed Chicken Breast Meat. Journal Of Animal Science And Technology, 66(6), 1221-1236 doi: 10.5187/jast.2023.e125
Singhal, N. (2017). A Study Of Consumer Behavior Towards Organic Food And The Moderating Effects Of Health Consciousness. The IUP Journal of Marketing Management, 16(3), 45–79. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=3215699
Siva, E., & Chandrachud, S. (2022). Organic Farm Products And Socio Demography: A Study Special Reference With Tiruvannamalai District. International Journal Of Health Sciences, 6(51), 4922–4930. doi: 10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.5944
Tan, K. G., Merdikawati, N., Amri, M., & Tan, K. Y. (2016). Analisis Daya Saing Provinsi dan Wilayah Menjaga Momentum Pertumbuhan Indonesia Edisi 2014. Singapura: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd
Thuannadee, A., & Noosuwan, C. (2023). Consumer Meat Preference And Willingness To Pay For Local Organic Meat In Thailand: A Case Study Of Taphao Thong-Kasetsart Chicken. Journal Of Agribusiness In Developing and Emerging Economies, 1(2), 1-16. doi: 10.1108/JADEE-12-2022-0279
Train, K. E. (2014). Discrete Choice Methods With Simulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Van Loo, E. J., Caputo, V., Nayga, R. M., Meullenet, J. F., & Ricke, S. C. (2011). Consumers’ Willingness to Pay For Organic Chicken Breast: Evidence From Choice Experiment. Food Quality And Preference, 22(7), 603–613. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2011.02.003
Wang, Q. J., Dalsgard, J., & Giacalone, D. (2022). Shopping For A Sustainable Future: Two Case Studies On Consumer Perception Of Organic Cotton And Wine. Food Quality And Preference, 96(2), 1–5. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104405
Yilmaz, B. (2023). Factors Influencing Consumers’ Behaviour towards Purchasing Organic Foods: A Theoretical Model. Sustainability, 15(20), 1–17. doi: 10.3390/su152014895
Yulianti, Y., & Deliana, Y. (2018). Gaya Hidup Kaitannya dengan Keputusan Konsumen dalam Membeli Minuman Kopi. Jurnal AGRISEP: Kajian Masalah Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 17(1), 39–50. doi: 10.31186/jagrisep.17.1.39-50
Yusnita, M. (2010). Pola Perilaku Konsumen dan Produsen. Semarang: Balai Pustaka