Main Article Content
Abstract
This study examines consumer behavior toward adopting eco-friendly packaging in Indonesia’s e-commerce sector, contributing to the broader discourse on sustainable consumption in Indonesia. It analyzes the factors influencing consumers’ willingness to pay for eco-friendly packaging using the Sustainability Theory of Planned Behavior (STPB). The study is driven by growing environmental concerns associated with e-commerce packaging waste, particularly in emerging markets such as Indonesia, where sustainability practices are still developing. Data were collected from 236 active online shoppers through purposive sampling, and structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyze the relationships among key variables. The results demonstrate the significant influence of environmental concerns on consumer attitudes and the crucial role of behavioral intention in predicting willingness to pay for eco-friendly packaging. The findings further indicate that moral and environmental values play a more prominent role than economic considerations in shaping consumer behavior. These insights underscore the importance of public awareness campaigns, improved accessibility to eco-friendly packaging, and supportive government policies. By integrating sustainability dimensions into consumer behavior models, this study advances the theoretical understanding of sustainable consumption in e-commerce and offers practical recommendations for promoting environmental responsibility in emerging markets.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Retno Hapsari, Muhammad Irfan Mu’afi, Mukti Ahmad Nurchaya

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References
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- Pan, L., Xia, Y., Xing, L., Song, Z., & Xu, Y. (2022). Exploring Use Acceptance of Electric Bicycle-Sharing Systems: An Empirical Study Based on PLS-SEM Analysis. Sensors, 22(18), 1–19. doi: 10.3390/s22187057
- Ranjan, B. P., & Das, J. (2020). How Packaging Influences Consumers’ Purchase Decision: An Introspection. J. Dev, 1(1), 23–45. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345388989
- Reddy, K. P., Chandu, V., Srilakshmi, S., Thagaram, E., Sahyaja, C., & Osei, B. (2023). Consumers Perception on Green Marketing Towards Eco-Friendly Fast Moving Consumer Goods. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 15(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1177/18479790231170962
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- Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Becker, J.-M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to Specify, Estimate, and Validate Higher-Order Constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197–211. doi: 10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003
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- Thøgersen, J., Zhou, Y., & Huang, G. (2016). How Stable is the Value Basis for Organic Food Consumption in China? Journal of Cleaner Production, 134(1), 214–224. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.036
- Van-Loon, P., Deketele, L., Dewaele, J., McKinnon, A., & Rutherford, C. (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Carbon Emissions from Online Retailing of Fast Moving Consumer Goods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106(1), 478–486. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.060
- Visser, J., Nemoto, T., & Browne, M. (2014). Home Delivery and the Impacts on Urban Freight Transport: A Review. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125(2), 15–27. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1452
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References
Anwar, M. A., Suprihatin., Sasongko, N. A., Najib, M., & Pranoto, B. (2024). Challenges and Prospects of Multilayer Plastic Waste Management in Several Countries: A Systematic Literature Review. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 10(3), 1–15. doi: 10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100911
Arora, T., Chirla, S. R., Singla, N., & Gupta, L. (2023). Product Packaging by E-commerce Platforms: Impact of COVID-19 and Proposal for Circular Model to Reduce the Demand of Virgin Packaging. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 3(3), 1255–1273. doi: 10.1007/s43615-022-00231-4
Cheah, J. H., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Ramayah, T., & Ting, H. (2018). Convergent Validity Assessment of Formatively Measured Constructs in PLS-SEM: on Using Single-Item Versus Multi-Item Measures. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 16(2), 158–173. doi: 10.1111/dsji.12130
Coelho, P. M., Corona, B., ten Klooster, R., & Worrell, E. (2020). Sustainability of Reusable Packaging–Current Situation and Trends. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 10(6), 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.rcrx.2020.100037
Escursell, S., Llorach-Massana, P., & Roncero, M. B. (2021). Sustainability in E-Commerce Packaging: A Review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 280(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124314
Fianda, A. Y. A., Fandinny, I., Kacaribu, L. N. B., Desyani, N. A., Asyifa, N., & Wijayanti, P. (2021). Eco-Friendly Packaging: Preferensi dan Kesediaan Membayar Konsumen di Marketplaces. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 20(1), 147–157. doi: 10.14710/jil.20.1.147-157
Grönman, K., Soukka, R., Järvi-Kääriäinen, T., Katajajuuri, J. M., Kuisma, M., Koivupuro, H. K., Ollila, M., Pitkänen, M., Miettinen, O., Silvenius, F., Thun, R., Wessman, H., & Linnanen, L. (2013). Framework for Sustainable Food Packaging Design. Packaging Technology and Science, 26(4), 187–200. doi: 10.1002/pts.1971
Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2021). Assessing Measurement Model Quality in PLS-SEM Using Confirmatory Composite Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109(3), 101–110. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Hao, Y., Liu, H., Chen, H., Sha, Y., Ji, H., & Fan, J. (2019). What Affect Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Green Packaging? Evidence from China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141(2), 21–29. doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.001
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A New Criterion for Assessing Discriminant Validity in Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. doi: 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Ibrahim, I. D., Hamam, Y., Sadiku, E. R., Ndambuki, J. M., Kupolati, W. K., Jamiru, T., Eze, A. A., & Snyman, J. (2022). Need for Sustainable Packaging: An Overview. Polymers, 14(20), 1–13. doi: 10.3390/polym14204430
Koch, J., Frommeyer, B., & Schewe, G. (2022). Managing the Transition to Eco-Friendly Packaging – An Investigation of Consumers’ Motives in Online Retail. Journal of Cleaner Production, 351(2), 1–17. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.131504
Lan, B. T. H., Phuong, T. T. L., Dat, T. T., & Truong, D. D. (2023). Factors Affecting the Purchase Intention of Products with Environmentally Friendly Packaging of Urban Residents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(9), 1-19. doi: 10.3390/su15097726
Mahmoud, M. A., Tsetse, E. K. K., Tulasi, E. E., & Muddey, D. K. (2022). Green Packaging, Environmental Awareness, Willingness to Pay and Consumers’ Purchase Decisions. Sustainability, 14(23), 1–16. doi: 10.3390/su142316091.
Manerba, D., Mansini, R., & Zanotti, R. (2018). Attended Home Delivery: Reducing Last-Mile Environmental Impact by Changing Customer Habits. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(5), 55–60. doi: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.199
Maziriri, E. T. (2020). Green Packaging and Green Advertising as Precursors of Competitive Advantage and Business Performance Among Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in South Africa. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1080/23311975.2020.1719586
Mucowska, M. (2021). Trends of Environmentally Sustainable Solutions of Urban Last-Mile Deliveries on the E-Commerce Market—A Literature Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(11), 1–13. doi: 10.3390/su13115894
Müller, J., Acevedo-Duque, Á., Müller, S., Kalia, P., & Mehmood, K. (2021). Predictive Sustainability Model Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior Incorporating Ecological Conscience and Moral Obligation. Sustainability, 13(8), 4248-4253. doi: 10.3390/su13084248
Ong, A. K. S., German, J. D., Redi, A. A. N. P., Cordova, L. N. Z., Longanilla, F. A. B., Caprecho, N. L., & Javier, R. A. V. (2023). Antecedents of Behavioral Intentions for Purchasing Hybrid Cars Using Sustainability Theory of Planned Behavior Integrated with UTAUT2. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(9), 1–15. doi: 10.3390/su15097657
Pålsson, H., Pettersson, F., & Winslott Hiselius, L. (2017). Energy Consumption in E-Commerce Versus Conventional Trade Channels - Insights Into Packaging, the Last Mile, Unsold Products and Product Returns. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164(1), 765–778. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.06.242
Pan, L., Xia, Y., Xing, L., Song, Z., & Xu, Y. (2022). Exploring Use Acceptance of Electric Bicycle-Sharing Systems: An Empirical Study Based on PLS-SEM Analysis. Sensors, 22(18), 1–19. doi: 10.3390/s22187057
Ranjan, B. P., & Das, J. (2020). How Packaging Influences Consumers’ Purchase Decision: An Introspection. J. Dev, 1(1), 23–45. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345388989
Reddy, K. P., Chandu, V., Srilakshmi, S., Thagaram, E., Sahyaja, C., & Osei, B. (2023). Consumers Perception on Green Marketing Towards Eco-Friendly Fast Moving Consumer Goods. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 15(1), 1–9. doi: 10.1177/18479790231170962
Santos, V., Gomes, S., & Nogueira, M. (2021). Sustainable Packaging: Does Eating Organic Really Make A Difference on Product-Packaging Interaction? Journal of Cleaner Production, 304(1), 1–17. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127066
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Cheah, J.-H., Becker, J.-M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to Specify, Estimate, and Validate Higher-Order Constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197–211. doi: 10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05.003
Thi-Thanh Van, N., Ho Chi Minh, al, Thien Duy, N., & Tien Dung, P. (2018). Factors Affecting Green Food Purchase Intention in Ho Chi Minh City. City Open University Journal of Science, 8(1), 50–64. doi: 10.46223/HCMCOUJS
Thøgersen, J., Zhou, Y., & Huang, G. (2016). How Stable is the Value Basis for Organic Food Consumption in China? Journal of Cleaner Production, 134(1), 214–224. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.036
Van-Loon, P., Deketele, L., Dewaele, J., McKinnon, A., & Rutherford, C. (2015). A Comparative Analysis of Carbon Emissions from Online Retailing of Fast Moving Consumer Goods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106(1), 478–486. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.060
Visser, J., Nemoto, T., & Browne, M. (2014). Home Delivery and the Impacts on Urban Freight Transport: A Review. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 125(2), 15–27. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1452
Wang, Y., & Zhu, Q. (2020). How o You Manage Online Delivery Package Waste? IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(2), 184–192. doi: 10.1109/EMR.2020.2990366
Wang, J., Wang, S., Wang, Y., Li, J., & Zhao, D. (2018). Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand onsumers’ intentions to visit green hotels in the Chinese context. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(8), 2810–2825. doi: 10.1108/IJCHM-04-2017-0223
Zheng, S. Y., Liu, H., Guan, W., Yang, Y., Li, J. Y., Fahad, S., & Li, B. (2022). Identifying Intention-Based Factors Influencing Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Consumption Paradigm. Sustainability, 14(24), 1–14. doi: 10.3390/su142416831