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Abstract
Sustainable palm oil certification is expected to lead to sustainable development
and livelihood. This study was conductedthrough 240 and 176 certified and non-
certified oil palm smallholders in Indonesia and Malaysia, respectively. The data were
collected using theclustered convenience sampling method and analyzed with compare means test. The results show that certified smallholders have a superiorperception and implementation of a sustainable economic and socialenvironment, enjoy higher productivity and selling prices, are able to maintain the quality of natural resources,are more resistant toproduction and price fluctuations, and are more prepared for replanting.
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Copyright (c) 2019 Diana Chalil, Shaufique F Sidique, Riantri Barus
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References
- Bacon, C. M., Mendez, V. E., Gomez, M. E. F., Stuart, D. & Florez, S. R. D., (2008). Are sustainable coffee certifications enough to secure farmer likelihoods? : The millennium development goals and Nicaragua’s fair trade cooperatives. Globalizations, 5 (2): 259-274. doi:10.1080/14747730802057688
- Brandi, C., Cabani, T., Hosang, C., Schirmbeck, S., Westermann, L., & Wiese, H. (2013). Sustainability certification in the Indonesian palm oil sector: Benefits and challenges for smallholders. Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik.
- Cesario, S. (2012). Organic cacao farming in Transamazônica: An assessment of sustainable livelihood development. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. Paper 1489. Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1489.
- Chalil, D. (2013). Cases on the diffusion and adoption of sustainable development practices. Assessment of smallholders’ barriers to adopt sustainable practices (pp. 439-467). USA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2842-7.ch016.
- Colchester, M., & Chao, S. (2011). Oil palm expansion in South East Asia: An overview. Oil Palm Expansion in South East Asia, 1.
- Directorate General of Estate Crops (2014). Tree crop estate statistics of Indonesia: Palm oil 2013-2015.
- Donough, C. R., Witt, C., & Fairhurst, T. H. (2009). Yield intensification in oil palm plantations through best management practice. Better Crops, 93(1): 12-14.
- Harris, J. M. (2003). Sustainability and sustainable development. Internet encyclopedia of ecological economics international society for ecological economics. Retrieved from http://isecoeco.org/pdf/susdev.pdf.
- Hidayat, N. K., Glasbergen, P., & Offermans, A. (2015). Sustainability certification and palm oil smallholders’ livelihood: A comparison between scheme smallholders and independent smallholders in Indonesia. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 18(3): 25-48.
- Jacobsen, D. M. (1998). Adoption patterns and characteristics of faculty who integrate computer technology for teaching and learning in higher education. Doctoral Dissertation. Retrieved from http://people.ucalgary.ca/~dmjacobs/phd /diss/chapter_2.html#related-contexts.
- Mohr, A. & Bausch, L. (2013). Social sustainability in certification schemes for biofuel production: an explorative analysis against the background of land use constraints in Brazil. Energy, Sustainability and Society. Advance online publication. doi:10.1186/2192-0567-3-6
- Nesadurai, H. E. (2013). Food security, the palm oil–land conflict nexus, and sustainability: a governance role for a private multi-stakeholder regime like the RSPO?. The Pacific Review, 26(5): 505-529.Overview of the Malaysian Oil Palm Industry 2015. Retrieved from http://bepi.mpob.gov.my/images/overview/Overview_of_industry_2015.pdf
- Rival, A., & Levang, P. (2014). Palm Oil Controversies: Oil Palm and Development Challenges. Indonesia: CIFOR.
- Schoonhoven-Speijer, M. (2012). Maintaining a sustainable livelihood: An analysis of the effect of UTZ certification on market access, risk reduction and livelihood strategies of Kenyan coffee farmers (Master’s Thesis). Radbound University Nijmegen, Netherland.
- Serrat, O. (2008). The sustainable livelihoods approach. Knowledge solutions 15. Asian Development Bank. Retrieved from www.adb.org/sites/default/files /.../sustainable-livelihoods-approach.pdf
- Van Beuningen, C., & Knorringa, P. (2009). Inclusive improvement: Standards and smallholders: Taking stock and moving on. Netehrlands: RS Drukkerij.
- Weng, C. K. (2005). Best developed practices and sustainable development of the oil palm industry. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 17: 124-135.
- Zakiah & Ananto, E. E. (2013). Kemandirian Pangan Indonesia dalam Perspektif Kebijakan MP3EI. Konflik Kepentingan Usahatani Pangan dan Perkebunan (pp. 543-558). Balitbangtan. Retrieved from www.litbang.pertanian.go.id/buku/kemandirian-pangan-indonesia/BAB-VIII-3.pdf.
References
Bacon, C. M., Mendez, V. E., Gomez, M. E. F., Stuart, D. & Florez, S. R. D., (2008). Are sustainable coffee certifications enough to secure farmer likelihoods? : The millennium development goals and Nicaragua’s fair trade cooperatives. Globalizations, 5 (2): 259-274. doi:10.1080/14747730802057688
Brandi, C., Cabani, T., Hosang, C., Schirmbeck, S., Westermann, L., & Wiese, H. (2013). Sustainability certification in the Indonesian palm oil sector: Benefits and challenges for smallholders. Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik.
Cesario, S. (2012). Organic cacao farming in Transamazônica: An assessment of sustainable livelihood development. Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. Paper 1489. Retrieved from http://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/1489.
Chalil, D. (2013). Cases on the diffusion and adoption of sustainable development practices. Assessment of smallholders’ barriers to adopt sustainable practices (pp. 439-467). USA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-2842-7.ch016.
Colchester, M., & Chao, S. (2011). Oil palm expansion in South East Asia: An overview. Oil Palm Expansion in South East Asia, 1.
Directorate General of Estate Crops (2014). Tree crop estate statistics of Indonesia: Palm oil 2013-2015.
Donough, C. R., Witt, C., & Fairhurst, T. H. (2009). Yield intensification in oil palm plantations through best management practice. Better Crops, 93(1): 12-14.
Harris, J. M. (2003). Sustainability and sustainable development. Internet encyclopedia of ecological economics international society for ecological economics. Retrieved from http://isecoeco.org/pdf/susdev.pdf.
Hidayat, N. K., Glasbergen, P., & Offermans, A. (2015). Sustainability certification and palm oil smallholders’ livelihood: A comparison between scheme smallholders and independent smallholders in Indonesia. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 18(3): 25-48.
Jacobsen, D. M. (1998). Adoption patterns and characteristics of faculty who integrate computer technology for teaching and learning in higher education. Doctoral Dissertation. Retrieved from http://people.ucalgary.ca/~dmjacobs/phd /diss/chapter_2.html#related-contexts.
Mohr, A. & Bausch, L. (2013). Social sustainability in certification schemes for biofuel production: an explorative analysis against the background of land use constraints in Brazil. Energy, Sustainability and Society. Advance online publication. doi:10.1186/2192-0567-3-6
Nesadurai, H. E. (2013). Food security, the palm oil–land conflict nexus, and sustainability: a governance role for a private multi-stakeholder regime like the RSPO?. The Pacific Review, 26(5): 505-529.Overview of the Malaysian Oil Palm Industry 2015. Retrieved from http://bepi.mpob.gov.my/images/overview/Overview_of_industry_2015.pdf
Rival, A., & Levang, P. (2014). Palm Oil Controversies: Oil Palm and Development Challenges. Indonesia: CIFOR.
Schoonhoven-Speijer, M. (2012). Maintaining a sustainable livelihood: An analysis of the effect of UTZ certification on market access, risk reduction and livelihood strategies of Kenyan coffee farmers (Master’s Thesis). Radbound University Nijmegen, Netherland.
Serrat, O. (2008). The sustainable livelihoods approach. Knowledge solutions 15. Asian Development Bank. Retrieved from www.adb.org/sites/default/files /.../sustainable-livelihoods-approach.pdf
Van Beuningen, C., & Knorringa, P. (2009). Inclusive improvement: Standards and smallholders: Taking stock and moving on. Netehrlands: RS Drukkerij.
Weng, C. K. (2005). Best developed practices and sustainable development of the oil palm industry. Journal of Oil Palm Research, 17: 124-135.
Zakiah & Ananto, E. E. (2013). Kemandirian Pangan Indonesia dalam Perspektif Kebijakan MP3EI. Konflik Kepentingan Usahatani Pangan dan Perkebunan (pp. 543-558). Balitbangtan. Retrieved from www.litbang.pertanian.go.id/buku/kemandirian-pangan-indonesia/BAB-VIII-3.pdf.