Buletin Peternakan Tropis

The Effect of Diet Consisting of Grass and Tofu By Product Supplemented Soybean Hulls on Its Digestibilities and Milk Production of Anglo Nubian Does

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This experiment was conducted to evaluate diet consiting of grass and tofu dregs supplemented soybean hulls on its digestibilities and milk production of Anglo Nubian does. Three heads of Anglo Nubian does, aging 17-18 month old, first parity, early lactation used as experimental animals. Latin square design was applied on this experiment with 3 treatments and 3 periods. The treatments were P0 ( 5 kg grass+ 6 kg tofu dregs+ 20 g mineral diluted on 20 g rice bran) as a control, P1 (P0+ 300 g wet soybean hulls), and P2 (P0 + 600 g wet soybean hulls). Data collected were analysed of variance, continued by least signifcant difference test. Variables measured were nutrition contens of feeds, feeds consumption: either grass, concentrates, or total consumption. The variables observed were the nutritional content of feed ingredients, nutrient consumption from forage and concentrates (tofu dregs and soybean hulls), and total nutrient consumption, as well as feed digestibility, and daily milk production. The experimental results showed that the average nutritional consumption of forage feed was not significantly different (P>0.05), the average nutritional consumption of concentrate feed was significantly different (P<0.05), increased by adding soybean hulls, but the total nutritional consumption of feed did not different (P>0.05). The average digestibility of feed nutrients was not significantly different (P>0.05), however the digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen free extracts showed a decrease (P<0.05) with the addition of soybean hulls to the diet. The average daily milk production, P0 was 1699.29 ml/h/d, not significantly different (P>0.05) from P1, which was 1764.76 ml/h/d, but P2 milk production which was 1853.33 ml/h/d was significantly higher (P< 0.01) than P0 and P1. This research can be concluded that the addition of 600 g of wet soybean hulls to the diets on early lactation Anglo Nubian does may increase the average daily milk production

Effect of shrimp paste rice bran on fat deposition in broiler chickens

Rohfiko Pajri Pratama, Urip Santoso, Desia Kaharuddin — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the effect of providing shrimp paste rice bran on fat deposition in broilers. One hundred and sixty broilers (Lohmann strain) aged 15 days were distributed into 5 treatments with 4 replications namely control diet (P1), 5% shrimp paste rice bran (P2), 10% shrimp paste rice bran (P3), 15% shrimp paste rice bran (P4) and, 20% shrimp paste rice bran (P5). The results showed that the use of shrimp paste rice bran in the ration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on abdominal fat, ventricular fat (P<0.05), but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on proventriculus fat, heart fat, neck fat and sartorial fat. It can be concluded that giving 15-20% shrimp paste rice bran reduces abdominal and ventricular fat deposition in broiler chickens.

Fermented Extract of Senduduk Leaf as Herbal Additive to Reduce Escherichia coli Population in Broiler Cecum

Nurul Farhana, Eva Yulia, Nelzi Fati, Ramaiyulis Ramaiyulis — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Escerichia coli is a type of bacteria that normally grows in the caecum of broilers and has the potential to become a pathogen that causes disease in broilers. This study aims to determine the effect of adding fermented sendunia leaf extract (EFDS) to drinking water on the population of Escherichia coli bacteria in the caecum of broilers. EFDS is obtained from the fermentation of fresh sendua leaves in a mixture of 1 kg of sendunia leaves + 1 l of EM4 + 16 l of sterile distilled water in a jerry can which is incubated for 2 weeks at room temperature. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments adding EFDS to drinking water at levels: A = 0% (control), B = 2%, C = 4%, and D = 6% with 5 replications. Lohman type broilers were kept for 5 weeks in cages measuring 60 x 100 cm containing 5 broilers for one treatment unit. The ration used contains 22% crude protein and 3000 Kcal/kg energy. The results of parameter measurements at the end of maintenance showed that the treatment with the addition of EFDS at levels of 4 and 6% showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone for Escherichia coli bacteria was classified as moderate level, namely 5.1-5.3 mm. A population decrease (P<0.05) was found at the EFDS level of 4% in drinking water with a population of 0.86 x106 CFU/ml with a decrease of 63.25% compared to the control. The addition of EFDS had no significant effect (P>0.05) on cecum pH and cecum length, but there was a tendency for pH to decrease (6.4-5.7) according to the level of EFDS addition. The addition of 4% EFDS in broiler drinking water is recommended in this study to control the Escherichia coli population in the broiler caecum.

Literature Review: Demographic Parameters as One of The Determinants of The Preservation of The Kalimantan Orangutan (Pongo Pygmaeus)

Sahat Raja Marigo Girsang, Sutan Sahala Muda Marpaung, Dini Hardiani Has — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Orangutans are one of the priorities of 25 species whose distribution in Indonesia is only found on the Islands of Kalimantan and Sumatra. Measuring orangutan sustainability in nature generally only uses nest surveys and population density. Most studies of demographic parameters for primates are limited to long-tailed monkey requirements for harvest quotas. This research aims to identify variables measuring the demographic parameters of the Kalimantan orangutan population. The methods used in this literature review are descriptive and quantitative, taken from scientific sources (journals, theses, online media) is relevant. Findings through literature reviews show that an unbalanced general structure, reproductive disorders, fertility, inbreeding, and an unbalanced sex ratio can cause population decline. Minimum Viable Population (MVP): Bornean orangutans are estimated to be able to survive 99% in 100 years a year, namely 250-500 individuals. Research concludes that the factor that is a strength in preserving Kalimantan orangutans is their long lifespan of ± 50 years. The threat to preserving Bornean orangutans is that only one child is produced during the reproductive period. External factors that influence age distribution are environmental factors and disease.

Total VFA value, NH3 and Invitro Digestibility of Cabbage and Mustard Vegetable Waste Distilled with Various Carbohydrate Sources

Triani Adelina, Eniza Saleh, Anwar Efendi Harahap, Muhammad Ridwan Hidayat — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Market vegetable waste produced in Pekanbaru City can be produced up to 235.45 tons/day, this has the potential to utilize market waste in the form of cabbage and mustard greens which are used as feed. This research aims to produce NH3 production values, VFA and dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) of vegetable waste silage with the addition of various carbohydrate sources. The research method was carried out experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) pattern of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments are P1 = vegetable waste silage + 30% rice bran; P2= vegetable waste silage + 30% corn flour; P3%= vegetable waste silage + 30% addition of piles; and P4 = vegetable waste silage + addition of 10% rice bran + 10% corn flour + 10% waste. The parameters observed were dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, NH3 production and total VFA. The research results showed that the addition of various carbohydrate sources had no significant effect on silage NH3 (P>0.05), but had a very significant difference (P<0.01) on the DMD, OMD and total VFA values. The addition of various carbohydrate sources is able to increase the In Vitro digestibility value and is able to maintain NH3 production. The addition of a carbohydrate source from corn flour resulted in superior DMD, DMO and total VFA values compared to other treatments

Bodyweight Estimation of Anglo Nubian Dairy Goats at Lobi Farm, Pondok Kubang, Central Bengkulu

Woki Bilyaro, Endang Sulistyowati, Muhammad dani, Arif Rahman Azis — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Dairy goats are small ruminants that have the potential to become fresh milk producers to fulfill the milk needs in Indonesia. Anglo Nubian goats are one type of dairy goat found in Lobi Farm, UMKM Bukit Bengkulu. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of correlation between body measurements, namely body length (PB), chest circumference (LD), and shoulder height (TP) to body weight (BW) of Anglo Nubian goats. A total of 22 Anglo Nubian goats were used in this study. The research data collected were primary data from direct measurements and secondary data. The data analysis used was correlation and multiple linear regression using the R program. The results showed that TP, PB and LD were each positively and significantly correlated with the body weight of Anglo Nubian goats with correlation coefficients of 0.516, O.715, and 0.884, respectively, while together TP, PB and LD were correlated by 0.916. Chest circumference correlated best with body weight when using a single variable. Whereas, the combination of BL and CG was the best and simplest regression model in correlation to body weight of Anglo Nubian goats with the regression equation.

Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties of Beef Patties Added with Senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) Leaf Powder at Different Levels

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the effect of adding different concentrations of senduduk (Melastoma malabathricum L.) leaf powder (SLP) on the microbiological and physicochemical properties of beef patties. Senduduk leaf is known for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, which may help improve the shelf life and quality of meat products. Beef patties were prepared with varying levels of SLP (0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) and evaluated at 0 and 5 hours of storage for total plate count (TPC), moisture content, water holding capacity (WHC), and pH. The results showed that the addition of SLP did not significantly affect the TPC or WHC at both time points. However, the moisture content of the patties with 0.75% SLP was significantly higher at 0 hours, while no significant differences were observed after 5 hours of storage. Similarly, the pH values remained stable across all treatments. These findings suggest that while SLP can initially influence moisture retention, its antimicrobial and physicochemical effects are limited, particularly after cooking, which likely degrades the bioactive compounds. Future research should explore the use of SLP in low-temperature cooking or cold storage to maximize its potential as a natural preservative.

Effect of Feeding Isotoma longiflora Leaf Extract with Ethanol Solvent on Performance and Small Intestine Histomorphology of Broiler

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of giving kitolod leaf extract with ethanol solvent on growth performance and histomorphology of broiler small intestine. The research design used in this study was a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. Each replicate used 10 DOC. The treatment details are as follows; P0 = drinking water without ethanol extract of kitolod leaves; P1 = drinking water + 1% ethanol extract of kitolod leaves; P2 = drinking water + 2% ethanol extract of kitolod leaves; P3 = drinking water + 3% ethanol extract of kitolod leaves. Parameters observed were broiler growth performance (feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio) and small intestine histomorphology (villi height and krypta depth). The results showed that ration consumption was 1410.39-468.97 g/head/28 days, body weight gain was 1855.69-1904.05 g/head/28 days, feed conversion ratio was 1.30-1.32, villi height was 775.75-907.59 µm and kripta depth was 218.94-244.67 µm. Giving kitolod leaf extract with ethanol solvent has not been able to improve the growth performance and histomorphology of broiler small intestine.

Characteristics and Performance of Hens from Red Jungle Fowl Offspring in the Community in Bengkulu City

Sutriyono Sutriyono, Urip Santoso, Bieng Brata, Dadang Suherman — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Red Junglefowl (RJF) is a germplasm in Bengkulu, living in forests and plantations, and its population is estimated to continue to decline. Domestication has been carried out by the community, and there has been crossbreeding with local chickens and producing offspring. The study was conducted for 4 months in Bengkulu City to identify rearing management of hen, characteristics of hen, production characteristics, and to develop development scenarios. Twenty-seven respondents were used in the study. Data were obtained through observation and interviews, and filling out questionnaires. The data collected were maintenance management of hen, population, body weight, age of first laying eggs, egg production, and egg weight. The results of the study, farmers rearing hen by caged, released, and a combination of both methods. The feed given was local feed (corn, rice, brown rice, cooked rice) and commercial feed BR 1. The maximum weight of the hen was 995.00 grams and the minimum was 600.00 grams, the average was 738.96±93.07 grams, egg production was 9.68±2.60/hen/period, egg laying period 3.42 times/year, egg weight 28.56±5.28 grams. The initial population was 90 and the final 570, the average length of raising chickens was 9.45 years, an increase of 50.77/year (56.41%). In conclusion, the development of the population of jungle fowl offspring was slow; and the values of body weight, egg production, egg weight were higher than red jungle fowl and lower than native chickens. Development, genetic improvement, increasing the number of parent hens and egg hatching, and improving maintenance management.

Food and Livestock Sustainability in the Modern Era

Arif Rahman Azis, Hamka, Woki Bilyaro, Muhammad Dani — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The article delves into the intricate relationship between food security and livestock sustainability in today's world. With the global population on the rise and evolving consumption patterns, the livestock sector is tasked with the dual challenge of meeting the growing demand for animal protein while minimizing environmental impacts. By conducting a thorough review of literature and analyzing recent case studies, this research investigates the crucial role of livestock farming in global food security and the sustainability hurdles it confronts. Key findings indicate that technological advancements like precision livestock farming, integrated food system approaches, and circular economy concepts hold promise as solutions to enhance production efficiency and decrease environmental impacts. Additionally, the article underscores the significance of effective policies, good governance, and shifts in consumer consumption patterns in propelling the transition towards more sustainable livestock systems. In conclusion, achieving a balance between food security and livestock sustainability necessitates a comprehensive approach that integrates technological innovation, appropriate policies, and collaborative efforts across sectors. This research offers valuable insights for policymakers, industry professionals, and researchers as they work towards establishing a sustainable, fair, and resilient food system in the modern era.

The Effect of Dietary Protein Levels and Lysine Supplementation on Femur Strength in 12-Week-Old Indonesian Indigenous Chickens

Akhmat Rizkuna, Novemia Fatmarischa, I Putu Gede Didik Widiarta, Amani Aldiyanti — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the different levels of dietary protein and lysine supplementation on femur bone strength of Indonesian indigenous chickens at 12 weeks of age. The experimental materials used were DOC, without sex differentiation, reared up to 12 weeks of age. A completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was used, with each treatment having four replicates and 10 chickens per experimental unit. The treatments applied were: P1L1 (17% protein + 0.6% lysine), P1L2 (17% protein + 0.7% lysine), P1L3 (17% protein + 0.8% lysine), P2L1 (14% protein + 0.6% lysine), P2L2 (14% protein + 0.7% lysine), and P2L3 (14% protein + 0.8% lysine). The experimental period started from the first day of observation to 12 weeks. Measured parameter: The main measured parameter was the femur bone strength after 12 weeks using an Electric Tensile Tester (Hun Ta Instruments CO. LTD, HT 8346). Also, histological examination of femur bones was conducted through a Scanning Electron Microscope-SEM at 100x. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and when there was a significant difference, Duncan's Multiple Range Test was conducted at a 5% significance level. No significant interaction was recorded between protein and lysine levels on femur bone strength at 12 weeks because P > 0.05. Conclusively, therefore, both dietary protein levels and lysine supplementation have no significant effect on bone strength in the finisher phase of growth.

Effect of Addition of Pandan Leaf Infusa (Pandanus amaryllifous, R) on Carcass Weight, Carcass Percentage and Abdominal Fat of Broilers

Chairani Mukherji Sikumbang, Nilawati Nilawati, Toni Malvin, Nelzi Fati — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Many natural components are currently being looked for as substitute feed additives in broiler feed and drinking water to increase the effectiveness and quality of broiler production. Pandan leaves are one possible herbal component. The study's goal was to determine the optimal pandan infusion dosage for broiler carcasses, abdominal fat deposition. In this study, one hundred broiler aged one day were divided into 4 treatments and 5 replicates using a completely randomized design (CRD). The trial lasted four weeks in the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic production laboratory's broiler stage cage. Twenty broilers per treatmnets were given pandan leaf infusa to drinking water. The four tretamnets were as follows: no additon of pandan infusion (A0), 1% addition (A1), 2% addition (A2) and; 3% addition (A3). The findings demonstrated that the research variables were not significantly impacted (P̃ > 0.05) by the addition of pandan leaf infusa to drinking water. The percentage of carcass ranged from 66.52% to 71.56%, and the percentage of abdominal fat ranged from 0.92% to 0.77%. These findings lead to the conclusion that adding up to 3% of leaf infusion to drinking water did not improved carcass and abdominal fat deposition.

The Effect of Moringa Leaf Supplementation on Lemongrass Waste-Based Rations on Crude Fiber, Crude Fat, and Nitrogen-free Extract

Tri Astuti, safitri Alfajar, Syahro Ali Akbar, Fajri Basyirun, Dara Surtina — Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This research was conducted to determine the effect of moringa leaf extract supplementation as a source of natural antioxidants in a complete ration based on fermented citronella oil distillation by-products on the content of crude fiber, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract. This research used a Completely Randomized Design, five treatments, and three replications for each treatment. The treatments consisted of antioxidant supplementation with doses: of 0% (P0/control), 0.125% (P1), 0.25% (P2), 0.375% (P3), and 0.50% (P4). The variables measured included crude fiber, crude fat, and NFE content. The results of the study showed that the lowest average crude fiber content was in treatment P3 (25.43%), the lowest crude fat content was in P4 (1.88%), and the highest NFE content was in P4 (47.83%). Supplementation of moringa leaf antioxidants in fermented lemongrass waste-based rations with various doses (0%, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.375%, 0.50%) showed no significant effect (P>0.05) on crude fiber, crude fat, and BETN content. The research concludes that supplementation of moringa leaf extract as a source of natural antioxidants showed no significant effect on crude fiber, crude fat, and NFE content

The Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera L) as Feed Additive in Drinking Water on Growth Performance and Percentage of Broiler Internal Organs

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to evaluate the impact of giving 70% ethanol extract of Moringa leaves as a feed additive in drinking water on growth performance and percentage of internal organs in broilers. The design applied was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates, where each replicate consisted of eight broilers. The treatments given varied in the levels of moringa leaf extract in drinking water, namely: P0 (drinking water without moringa leaf extract), P1 (0.45 g moringa leaf extract in 1 liter of drinking water), P2 (0.9 g moringa leaf extract in 1 liter of drinking water), and P3 (1.35 g moringa leaf extract in 1 liter of drinking water). The observed variables included ration consumption, body weight gain, final weight, ration conversion, as well as the percentage and weight of internal organs such as liver, heart, intestine, and cecum length and percentage. The results showed that the provision of moringa leaf extract at various doses had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on ration consumption, body weight gain, final weight, ration conversion, percentage and weight of liver, heart weight, intestinal weight, intestinal length, or percentage and length of broiler cecum. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the provision of Moringa leaf extract in drinking water at doses of 0.45 g to 1.35 g does not have a significant impact on the performance of growth and internal organs of broilers.