Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to prove whether Ókun's Law is proven to occur in Indonesia. Okun's Law states that there is a relationship between economic growth and unemployment where the percentage increase in economic growth will be offset by a greater change in the unemployment rate, where the relationship between the two variables is negative. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from BPS. The data taken are economic growth, unemployment rate, and inflation rate in Indonesia for the period 1990-2021. The data was processed using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis to obtain the regression coefficients. Research finds a negative relationship between inflation and economic growth on the unemployment rate. Thus, Okun Law applies in Indonesia where unemployment tends to increase in line with economic growth.
Keywords : Economic Growth1, Unemploymnt Rate2, Inflation 3
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References
- Bankole, A. S., Fatai, B. O., & Programme, T. (2013). Empirical Test of Okun ’ s Law in Nigeria. International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, 3(3).
- Bartosik, K. (2020). Temporary contracts and Okun?s law in Poland. Equilibrium, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.032
- Benos, N., & Stavrakoudis, A. (2022). Okun’s law: Copula-based evidence from G7 countries. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.10.004
- Cutanda, A. (2020). Stability and asymmetry in Okun’s law: Evidence from Spanish regional data. Panoeconomicus, 00. https://doi.org/10.2298/pan191203012c
- Dajcman, S. (2018). A regional panel approach to testing the validity of okun´s law: The case of Slovenia. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/52.3.18.03
- Duran, H. (2021). Validity of Okun’s Law in a spatially dependent and cyclical asymmetric context. Panoeconomicus, 00. https://doi.org/10.2298/pan190529003d
- Elsayed, D. M. H. (2020). A PROPOSED MODEL FOR OKUN LAW IN THE SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN THE CASE OF EGYPT (1982-2018). International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 05(03). https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2020.v05i03.006
- Fahri, Jalil, A., & Kasnelly, S. (2020). Meningkatnya Angka Pengangguran Di Tengah Pandemi (Covid-19). Al-Mizan: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 2(2).
- Farid, A. (2007). ANALISIS TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1980-2007 Farid Alghofari Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Analisis Tingkat Pengangguran Di Indonesia Tahun 1980-2007.
- Hashmi, S. M., Khushik, A. G., Gilal, M. A., & Yongliang, Z. (2021). The Impact of GDP and Its Expenditure Components on Unemployment Within BRICS Countries: Evidence of Okun’s Law From Aggregate and Disaggregated Approaches. SAGE Open, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211023423
- Indayani, S., & Hartono, B. (2020). Analisis Pengangguran dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi sebagai Akibat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ekonomi & Manajemen Universitas Bina Sarana Infoematika, 18(2).
- Iswanto, D. A. (2013). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Pengangguran: Validitas Hukum Okun di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah.
- Khan, M. S., & Senhadji, A. S. (2001). Threshold effects in the relationship between inflation and growth. IMF Staff Papers. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451853339.001
- Knotek, E. S. (2007). How useful is Okun’s law? In Economic Review (Issue 4).
- Louail, B., & Ben Haj Hamida, H. (2021). Asymmetry Relationship between Economic Growth and Unemployment Rates in the Arab countries: Application of the OKUN Law during 1960-2017. Management, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0070
- Louail, B., & Benarous, D. (2021). Relationship between economic growth and unemployment rates in the algerian economy: Application of Okun’s law during 1991-2019. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.15388/OMEE.2021.12.48
- Mankiw, N. G. (2010). Macroeconomics (7th Ed). In Worth Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
- Moosa, I. A. (2008). Economic Growth and Unemployment In Arab Countries: Is Okun’s Law Valid ? Journal of Development and Economic Policies, 10(2).
- Muchlas, Z., Stie, D., Agus, A. M., Alamsyah, R., & Malang, A. (2015). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KURS RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA PASCA KRISIS (2000-2010). Jurnal JIBEKA.
- Purba, W., Nainggolan, P., & Panjaitan, P. D. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Pengangguran di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ekuilnomi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.36985/ekuilnomi.v4i1.336
- Raifu, I. A. (2023). Testing Okun’s law at sectoral level: evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Development Issues, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-04-2022-0070
- Resurreccion, P. F. (2014). Linking Unemployment to Inflation and Economic Growth: Toward A Better Understanding of Unemployment in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.8.2014.24.156.168
- Shuaibu, M., Ibrahim Abdullahi, S., Muazu Yusuf, M., & Yusufu, M. (2021). Economic Growth and Labour Market Dynamics in Nigeria: Further Evidence from ARDL Bound Testing. Sumerianz Journal of Economics and Finance, 41. https://doi.org/10.47752/sjef.41.35.40
- Syarun, M. M. (2016). Inflasi , Pengangguran Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Negara-Negara Islam. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 7(2).
- Syssoyeva-Masson, I., & Andrade, J. S. (2017). Are PIIGS so different? An empirical analysis of demand and supply shocks. Panoeconomicus, 64(2Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1702189S
References
Bankole, A. S., Fatai, B. O., & Programme, T. (2013). Empirical Test of Okun ’ s Law in Nigeria. International Journal of Economic Practices and Theories, 3(3).
Bartosik, K. (2020). Temporary contracts and Okun?s law in Poland. Equilibrium, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.032
Benos, N., & Stavrakoudis, A. (2022). Okun’s law: Copula-based evidence from G7 countries. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2020.10.004
Cutanda, A. (2020). Stability and asymmetry in Okun’s law: Evidence from Spanish regional data. Panoeconomicus, 00. https://doi.org/10.2298/pan191203012c
Dajcman, S. (2018). A regional panel approach to testing the validity of okun´s law: The case of Slovenia. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 52(3). https://doi.org/10.24818/18423264/52.3.18.03
Duran, H. (2021). Validity of Okun’s Law in a spatially dependent and cyclical asymmetric context. Panoeconomicus, 00. https://doi.org/10.2298/pan190529003d
Elsayed, D. M. H. (2020). A PROPOSED MODEL FOR OKUN LAW IN THE SHORT-RUN AND LONG-RUN THE CASE OF EGYPT (1982-2018). International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 05(03). https://doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2020.v05i03.006
Fahri, Jalil, A., & Kasnelly, S. (2020). Meningkatnya Angka Pengangguran Di Tengah Pandemi (Covid-19). Al-Mizan: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 2(2).
Farid, A. (2007). ANALISIS TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 1980-2007 Farid Alghofari Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Analisis Tingkat Pengangguran Di Indonesia Tahun 1980-2007.
Hashmi, S. M., Khushik, A. G., Gilal, M. A., & Yongliang, Z. (2021). The Impact of GDP and Its Expenditure Components on Unemployment Within BRICS Countries: Evidence of Okun’s Law From Aggregate and Disaggregated Approaches. SAGE Open, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211023423
Indayani, S., & Hartono, B. (2020). Analisis Pengangguran dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi sebagai Akibat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ekonomi & Manajemen Universitas Bina Sarana Infoematika, 18(2).
Iswanto, D. A. (2013). Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Pengangguran: Validitas Hukum Okun di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah.
Khan, M. S., & Senhadji, A. S. (2001). Threshold effects in the relationship between inflation and growth. IMF Staff Papers. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781451853339.001
Knotek, E. S. (2007). How useful is Okun’s law? In Economic Review (Issue 4).
Louail, B., & Ben Haj Hamida, H. (2021). Asymmetry Relationship between Economic Growth and Unemployment Rates in the Arab countries: Application of the OKUN Law during 1960-2017. Management, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0070
Louail, B., & Benarous, D. (2021). Relationship between economic growth and unemployment rates in the algerian economy: Application of Okun’s law during 1991-2019. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.15388/OMEE.2021.12.48
Mankiw, N. G. (2010). Macroeconomics (7th Ed). In Worth Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Moosa, I. A. (2008). Economic Growth and Unemployment In Arab Countries: Is Okun’s Law Valid ? Journal of Development and Economic Policies, 10(2).
Muchlas, Z., Stie, D., Agus, A. M., Alamsyah, R., & Malang, A. (2015). FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KURS RUPIAH TERHADAP DOLAR AMERIKA PASCA KRISIS (2000-2010). Jurnal JIBEKA.
Purba, W., Nainggolan, P., & Panjaitan, P. D. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Inflasi dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Pengangguran di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ekuilnomi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.36985/ekuilnomi.v4i1.336
Raifu, I. A. (2023). Testing Okun’s law at sectoral level: evidence from Nigeria. International Journal of Development Issues, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-04-2022-0070
Resurreccion, P. F. (2014). Linking Unemployment to Inflation and Economic Growth: Toward A Better Understanding of Unemployment in the Philippines. Asian Journal of Economic Modelling, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.8.2014.24.156.168
Shuaibu, M., Ibrahim Abdullahi, S., Muazu Yusuf, M., & Yusufu, M. (2021). Economic Growth and Labour Market Dynamics in Nigeria: Further Evidence from ARDL Bound Testing. Sumerianz Journal of Economics and Finance, 41. https://doi.org/10.47752/sjef.41.35.40
Syarun, M. M. (2016). Inflasi , Pengangguran Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Negara-Negara Islam. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 7(2).
Syssoyeva-Masson, I., & Andrade, J. S. (2017). Are PIIGS so different? An empirical analysis of demand and supply shocks. Panoeconomicus, 64(2Special Issue). https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1702189S