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Abstract
The contradictory economic conjuncture of economic growth and income inequality began with the continuous economic recession and was strengthened by the pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to reveal and analyze the causes of the problem of economic contraction and income inequality in Bengkulu and Kepulauan Riau Provinces. The type of data collected only comes from secondary data, namely from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), which is analyzed using statistical analysis and descriptive analysis methods. The research results showed that the trend of economic growth and economic inequality in the two provinces (Bengkulu and Kepulauan Riau) are both decreasing. The bad influence (backwash effect) in the form of a global economic recession and the Covid-19 pandemic case (2019–2020) is considered to be the cause of economic contraction in the form of a decline in economic growth which is extreeme/minus (-0.02 in Bengkulu Province and -3.80 in Kepulauan Riau Province). The trend of income inequality (measured by the Gini index) which is decreasing from year to year is considered a form of contradiction (anomaly) because it is considered to be at odds with the decline in economic growth at the same time.
Keywords: Economic contraction, Economic growth, Income inequality, Economic recession
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Copyright (c) 2022 Mochamad Ridwan
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How to Cite
Kontradiksi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Ketimpangan Pendapatan: Kasus Anomalistik Dua Provinsi Berbasis Pesisir. (2022). Convergence: The Journal of Economic Development, 4(2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.33369/convergencejep.v4i2.30168
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Brueckner, M., & Lederman, D. (2018). Inequality and Economic Growth: The Role of Initial Income. In Inequality and Economic Growth: The Role of Initial Income. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8467
Choudhury, M. A. (2021). Islamic economics and COVID-19: The economic, social and scientific consequences of a global pandemic. In Islamic Economics and COVID-19: The Economic, Social and Scientific Consequences of a Global Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003160229
Edelmann, D., Móri, T. F., & Székely, G. J. (2021). On relationships between the Pearson and the distance correlation coefficients. Statistics and Probability Letters, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2020.108960
Farhan. (2018). Pengaruh Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Nilai Tukar Petani Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Pulau Sumatra Tahun 2022-2016. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1(1).
Fitrawaty, F. (2020). The Analysis of Inequality on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Randwick International of Social Science Journal, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i3.103
Gumpert, M. (2019). Regional economic disparities under the Solow model. Quality and Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00836-2
Hariani, E. (2019). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketimpangan Pendapatan di 38 Kabupaten/ Kota Jawa Timur Tahun 2012-2015. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS TIJAB, 3(1).
Hartmann, D., Guevara, M. R., Jara-Figueroa, C., Aristarán, M., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2017). Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions, and Income Inequality. World Development, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.020
Kadriwansyah, K., Semmaila, B., & Zakaria, J. (2021). Analisis Ketimpangan Wilayah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2014-2018. PARADOKS : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.33096/paradoks.v4i1.740
Khrismaningrum, N. M. P. (2020). ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN EKONOMI DAN POTENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAERAH WISATA LAUT DAN DAERAH WISATA GUNUNG DI PROVINSI BALI. Journal of Economics Development Issues, 3(01). https://doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v3i01.38
Kurniawan, R., & Huda, S. (2020). ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN PROVINSI BALI. Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v3i2.115
Latifah, & Rahayu, D. (2019). Pengaruh Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Ketimpangan Antar Daerah. Sustainability (Switzerland), 2(4).
Mikhral Rinaldi. (2020). PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI MAKRO PROVINSI ACEH MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. AT-TASYRI’: JURNAL ILMIAH PRODI MUAMALAH. https://doi.org/10.47498/tasyri.v12i2.416
Mustafidah, H., & Giarto, W. G. P. (2021). Aplikasi Berbasis Web untuk Analisis Data Menggunakan Korelasi Bivariat Pearson. Sainteks, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.30595/sainteks.v18i1.10564
Nabila, L. M., & Laut, L. T. (2021). Determinan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta Tahun 2012-2020. Syntax Idea, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-idea.v6i8.1410
Nofitasari, R., Amir, A., & Mustika, C. (2017). Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga, Investasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Jambi. E-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 6(2).
Nurlina, & Chaira, T. M. I. (2017). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Distribusi Pendapatan di Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomika, 1(2).
Osiobe, E. U. (2019). A Literature Review of Human Capital and Economic Growth. Business and Economic Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i4.15624
Pratama, N. R. N. S., & Utama, M. S. (2019). Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah Dan Investasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 8 [7](2337–3067).
Pratiwi, M. C. Y. (2021). Analisis Ketimpangan Antarwilayah dan Pergeseran Struktur Ekonomi di Kalimantan. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v17i1.779
Ridwan, M., Izharudin, & Noviyarsah, W. (2021). Kedalaman dan Keparahan Kemiskinan Masyarakat Nelayan: Studi dengan Pendekatan Ekonomi dan Sosial. Jurnal Enggano, 6(2).
Simangunsong, D., & Kuang-Hui, C. (2018). Inequality and Economic Growth in Indonesia in The 2000’s. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i2.6177
Syaifullah, D. R., & Sari, D. M. (2021). DEKOMPOSISI KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DAN DETERMINAN POSISI EKONOMI. Jurnal Litbang Sukowati : Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v5i1.262
Syamsir, A., & Rahman, A. (2018). Menelusur Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan Kabupaten dan Kota. EcceS (Economics, Social, and Development Studies), 5(1). https://doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v5i1.5235
Tahoni, T. T., & Mambur, Y. P. V. (2020). Peran Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas Kelompok Tani di Desa Oesoko Kecamatan Insana Utara. AGRIMOR, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.32938/ag.v5i4.1181
Wahyu, A. M., Anugrah, P. G., Danyalin, A. M., & Noorrizki, R. D. (2021). Ketimpangan Ekonomi Berdampak pada Tingkat Kriminalitas? Telaah dalam Perspektif Psikologi Problematika Sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jiis.v7i2.35361
Yuniarti, P., Wianti, W., & Nurgaheni, N. E. (2020). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. SERAMBI: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis Islam, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.36407/serambi.v2i3.207.
References
Afrianti, D. A., & Handayani, S. (2021). Keterkaitan Disparitas Wilayah dengan Interaksi Spasial di Kota Bekasi. Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi Dan Logistik, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v2i2.34
Brueckner, M., & Lederman, D. (2018). Inequality and Economic Growth: The Role of Initial Income. In Inequality and Economic Growth: The Role of Initial Income. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8467
Choudhury, M. A. (2021). Islamic economics and COVID-19: The economic, social and scientific consequences of a global pandemic. In Islamic Economics and COVID-19: The Economic, Social and Scientific Consequences of a Global Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003160229
Edelmann, D., Móri, T. F., & Székely, G. J. (2021). On relationships between the Pearson and the distance correlation coefficients. Statistics and Probability Letters, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2020.108960
Farhan. (2018). Pengaruh Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Nilai Tukar Petani Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Pulau Sumatra Tahun 2022-2016. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1(1).
Fitrawaty, F. (2020). The Analysis of Inequality on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Randwick International of Social Science Journal, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i3.103
Gumpert, M. (2019). Regional economic disparities under the Solow model. Quality and Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00836-2
Hariani, E. (2019). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketimpangan Pendapatan di 38 Kabupaten/ Kota Jawa Timur Tahun 2012-2015. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS TIJAB, 3(1).
Hartmann, D., Guevara, M. R., Jara-Figueroa, C., Aristarán, M., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2017). Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions, and Income Inequality. World Development, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.020
Kadriwansyah, K., Semmaila, B., & Zakaria, J. (2021). Analisis Ketimpangan Wilayah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2014-2018. PARADOKS : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.33096/paradoks.v4i1.740
Khrismaningrum, N. M. P. (2020). ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN EKONOMI DAN POTENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAERAH WISATA LAUT DAN DAERAH WISATA GUNUNG DI PROVINSI BALI. Journal of Economics Development Issues, 3(01). https://doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v3i01.38
Kurniawan, R., & Huda, S. (2020). ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN PROVINSI BALI. Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v3i2.115
Latifah, & Rahayu, D. (2019). Pengaruh Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Ketimpangan Antar Daerah. Sustainability (Switzerland), 2(4).
Mikhral Rinaldi. (2020). PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI MAKRO PROVINSI ACEH MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. AT-TASYRI’: JURNAL ILMIAH PRODI MUAMALAH. https://doi.org/10.47498/tasyri.v12i2.416
Mustafidah, H., & Giarto, W. G. P. (2021). Aplikasi Berbasis Web untuk Analisis Data Menggunakan Korelasi Bivariat Pearson. Sainteks, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.30595/sainteks.v18i1.10564
Nabila, L. M., & Laut, L. T. (2021). Determinan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta Tahun 2012-2020. Syntax Idea, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-idea.v6i8.1410
Nofitasari, R., Amir, A., & Mustika, C. (2017). Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga, Investasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Jambi. E-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 6(2).
Nurlina, & Chaira, T. M. I. (2017). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Distribusi Pendapatan di Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomika, 1(2).
Osiobe, E. U. (2019). A Literature Review of Human Capital and Economic Growth. Business and Economic Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i4.15624
Pratama, N. R. N. S., & Utama, M. S. (2019). Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah Dan Investasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 8 [7](2337–3067).
Pratiwi, M. C. Y. (2021). Analisis Ketimpangan Antarwilayah dan Pergeseran Struktur Ekonomi di Kalimantan. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v17i1.779
Ridwan, M., Izharudin, & Noviyarsah, W. (2021). Kedalaman dan Keparahan Kemiskinan Masyarakat Nelayan: Studi dengan Pendekatan Ekonomi dan Sosial. Jurnal Enggano, 6(2).
Simangunsong, D., & Kuang-Hui, C. (2018). Inequality and Economic Growth in Indonesia in The 2000’s. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i2.6177
Syaifullah, D. R., & Sari, D. M. (2021). DEKOMPOSISI KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DAN DETERMINAN POSISI EKONOMI. Jurnal Litbang Sukowati : Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v5i1.262
Syamsir, A., & Rahman, A. (2018). Menelusur Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan Kabupaten dan Kota. EcceS (Economics, Social, and Development Studies), 5(1). https://doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v5i1.5235
Tahoni, T. T., & Mambur, Y. P. V. (2020). Peran Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas Kelompok Tani di Desa Oesoko Kecamatan Insana Utara. AGRIMOR, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.32938/ag.v5i4.1181
Wahyu, A. M., Anugrah, P. G., Danyalin, A. M., & Noorrizki, R. D. (2021). Ketimpangan Ekonomi Berdampak pada Tingkat Kriminalitas? Telaah dalam Perspektif Psikologi Problematika Sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jiis.v7i2.35361
Yuniarti, P., Wianti, W., & Nurgaheni, N. E. (2020). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. SERAMBI: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis Islam, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.36407/serambi.v2i3.207.
Brueckner, M., & Lederman, D. (2018). Inequality and Economic Growth: The Role of Initial Income. In Inequality and Economic Growth: The Role of Initial Income. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8467
Choudhury, M. A. (2021). Islamic economics and COVID-19: The economic, social and scientific consequences of a global pandemic. In Islamic Economics and COVID-19: The Economic, Social and Scientific Consequences of a Global Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003160229
Edelmann, D., Móri, T. F., & Székely, G. J. (2021). On relationships between the Pearson and the distance correlation coefficients. Statistics and Probability Letters, 169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spl.2020.108960
Farhan. (2018). Pengaruh Laju Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Nilai Tukar Petani Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Pulau Sumatra Tahun 2022-2016. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 1(1).
Fitrawaty, F. (2020). The Analysis of Inequality on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Randwick International of Social Science Journal, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.47175/rissj.v1i3.103
Gumpert, M. (2019). Regional economic disparities under the Solow model. Quality and Quantity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-019-00836-2
Hariani, E. (2019). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketimpangan Pendapatan di 38 Kabupaten/ Kota Jawa Timur Tahun 2012-2015. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS TIJAB, 3(1).
Hartmann, D., Guevara, M. R., Jara-Figueroa, C., Aristarán, M., & Hidalgo, C. A. (2017). Linking Economic Complexity, Institutions, and Income Inequality. World Development, 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.12.020
Kadriwansyah, K., Semmaila, B., & Zakaria, J. (2021). Analisis Ketimpangan Wilayah di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Tahun 2014-2018. PARADOKS : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.33096/paradoks.v4i1.740
Khrismaningrum, N. M. P. (2020). ANALISIS KETIMPANGAN EKONOMI DAN POTENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAERAH WISATA LAUT DAN DAERAH WISATA GUNUNG DI PROVINSI BALI. Journal of Economics Development Issues, 3(01). https://doi.org/10.33005/jedi.v3i01.38
Kurniawan, R., & Huda, S. (2020). ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN PROVINSI BALI. Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi Pembangunan, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.33005/jdep.v3i2.115
Latifah, & Rahayu, D. (2019). Pengaruh Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Ketimpangan Antar Daerah. Sustainability (Switzerland), 2(4).
Mikhral Rinaldi. (2020). PERKEMBANGAN EKONOMI MAKRO PROVINSI ACEH MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. AT-TASYRI’: JURNAL ILMIAH PRODI MUAMALAH. https://doi.org/10.47498/tasyri.v12i2.416
Mustafidah, H., & Giarto, W. G. P. (2021). Aplikasi Berbasis Web untuk Analisis Data Menggunakan Korelasi Bivariat Pearson. Sainteks, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.30595/sainteks.v18i1.10564
Nabila, L. M., & Laut, L. T. (2021). Determinan Ketimpangan Pendapatan Provinsi D.I. Yogyakarta Tahun 2012-2020. Syntax Idea, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-idea.v6i8.1410
Nofitasari, R., Amir, A., & Mustika, C. (2017). Pengaruh Inflasi, Suku Bunga, Investasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Provinsi Jambi. E-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan Daerah, 6(2).
Nurlina, & Chaira, T. M. I. (2017). Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Terhadap Distribusi Pendapatan di Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal Samudra Ekonomika, 1(2).
Osiobe, E. U. (2019). A Literature Review of Human Capital and Economic Growth. Business and Economic Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.5296/ber.v9i4.15624
Pratama, N. R. N. S., & Utama, M. S. (2019). Pengaruh Pengeluaran Pemerintah Dan Investasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Bali. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 8 [7](2337–3067).
Pratiwi, M. C. Y. (2021). Analisis Ketimpangan Antarwilayah dan Pergeseran Struktur Ekonomi di Kalimantan. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v17i1.779
Ridwan, M., Izharudin, & Noviyarsah, W. (2021). Kedalaman dan Keparahan Kemiskinan Masyarakat Nelayan: Studi dengan Pendekatan Ekonomi dan Sosial. Jurnal Enggano, 6(2).
Simangunsong, D., & Kuang-Hui, C. (2018). Inequality and Economic Growth in Indonesia in The 2000’s. Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v7i2.6177
Syaifullah, D. R., & Sari, D. M. (2021). DEKOMPOSISI KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DAN DETERMINAN POSISI EKONOMI. Jurnal Litbang Sukowati : Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.32630/sukowati.v5i1.262
Syamsir, A., & Rahman, A. (2018). Menelusur Ketimpangan Distribusi Pendapatan Kabupaten dan Kota. EcceS (Economics, Social, and Development Studies), 5(1). https://doi.org/10.24252/ecc.v5i1.5235
Tahoni, T. T., & Mambur, Y. P. V. (2020). Peran Penyuluh Pertanian dalam Peningkatan Produktivitas Kelompok Tani di Desa Oesoko Kecamatan Insana Utara. AGRIMOR, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.32938/ag.v5i4.1181
Wahyu, A. M., Anugrah, P. G., Danyalin, A. M., & Noorrizki, R. D. (2021). Ketimpangan Ekonomi Berdampak pada Tingkat Kriminalitas? Telaah dalam Perspektif Psikologi Problematika Sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jiis.v7i2.35361
Yuniarti, P., Wianti, W., & Nurgaheni, N. E. (2020). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia. SERAMBI: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Dan Bisnis Islam, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.36407/serambi.v2i3.207.