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Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of arm muscle training variations on basic free throw skills among basketball extracurricular students at SMK Negeri 3 Karawang. The research employed an experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design, involving 15 student participants. Data were collected through free throw skill tests conducted before and after the treatment. The treatment consisted of an arm muscle training program including push-ups, diamond push-ups, chin-ups, shoulder taps, and decline push-ups, carried out over 12 sessions (2 sessions for pretest and posttest, and 10 treatment sessions). The results showed a significant improvement in free throw performance, with the average score increasing from 20.40 (pretest) to 35.33 (posttest). Data analysis using a Paired T-test revealed a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), indicating a statistically significant effect of the training program on free throw skills. Structured arm muscle exercises were proven to enhance strength, stability, and muscle coordination, which positively influenced free throw performance. It is recommended that basketball coaches incorporate this training into regular practice routines and encourage students to perform the exercises independently to further develop their basketball skills.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Tangguh Ramdhan Dwi Saputro, Setio Nugroho, Rolly Afrinaldi, Dhika Bayu Mahardhika

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References
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“Saichudin,” & ’Sayyid Agil, R. M. (2019). Buku Ajar Bola Basket. Wineka Media.
Sugiyono. (2020). 729101674-Metode-Penelitian-Kuantitatif-Kualitatif-Dan-r-d-Sugiyono-2020 (Sutopo, Ed.; Edisi Cetakan Ke 2). ALFABETA BANDUNG.
Wibisono, A. A., Wahyudi, U., Fitriady, G., & Januarto, B. (2022). Tingkat Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Passing, Shooting, Dribbling Bola Basket Siswa Ekstrakurikuler. Sport Science and Health, 5(9), 904–913. https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v5i92023p904-913
References
Al-Hadist, G., Hermawan, D., Fajar Prasetiyo, A., & Studi Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan dan Rekreasi Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu, P. (2024). Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Lengan dan Otot Tungkai terhadap Kemampuan Free Throw pada Peserta Ekstrakurikuler Bola Basket. Jurnal Budi Pekerti Agama Kristen Dan Katolik, 2(2).https://doi.org/10.61132/jbpakk.v2i2.685
Alnova, J. (2022). BOLA BASKET PUTRA CLUB BASKET TUNAS REJANG LEBONG. Sport Gymnatics: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani, 3(1), 120–129. https://doi.org/10.33369/gymnastics
Barnanda Rizky, O., & Andriyani, M. (2023). Pengaruh Latihan Kekuatan Otot Lengan Terhadap Kemampuan Tembakan Hukuman (Free Throw) Dalam Permainan Bola Basket Putra Club Adhyaksa Kepahiang The Effect of Arm Muscle Strength Training on Free Throws in the Men’s Basketball Game Club Adhyaksa Kepahiang. 4(2), 228–238. https://doi.org/10.33369/gymnastics
El Shinta, D., & Purnama Pribadi, H. (2023). Pengaruh Kombinasi Latihan Burpee-Shooting Terhadap Hasil Tembakan Free Throw pada Peserta Putra Ekstrakurikuler Basket di SMP Negeri 7 Kota Malang. 1(4), 122–132.https://doi.org/10.59024/atmosfer.v1i4.350
Fuadi, A., & Mulyono, A. (2020). Survei Program Latihan Ekstrakurikuler dan Sarana Prasarana Terhadap Pencapaian Prestasi Bolabasket. Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport, 1(2), 330–334. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/inapes
Gaol, A. L., Dewi, A. R., Hamidah, N., & RVJ, R. K. (2024). Analisis Kondisi Fisik Atlet serta Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Bola Basket. Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga, 1(2), 8. https://doi.org/10.47134/jpo.v1i2.279
Irawan, F. A., Raharja, W. K., Billah, T. R., & Ma’dum, M. A. (2021). Analisis biomekanika free throw basket sesuai kaidah Dave Hopla. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(2), 210–219. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i2.40360
Kurnia, R. H., Iqbal, R., Mahardhika, D. B., Singaperbangsa, U., & Abstract, K. (n.d.). Pengaruh Metode Latihan Drill Terhadap Keterampilan Dasar Free Throw Pada Ekstrakurikuler Bola Basket di SMA Negeri 1 Karawang. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 2022(19), 532–539. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7222948
Kusuma, B. Y., Widiawati, P., Rahayuni, K., & Ramadhan, M. P. (2024). PENGARUH LATIHAN OTOT TRICEPS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN CHEST PASS PADA ATLET BOLA BASKET DI KLUB HUTAMA MANGGALA KU-14. Riyadhoh : Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga, 7(2), 188. https://doi.org/10.31602/rjpo.v7i2.16581
Majid, A., & Sasmitha, W. (2023). Tinjauan Kemampuan Teknik Dasar Atlet Bola Basket Klub Parmato Kota Solok. Jurnal Pendidikan & Olahraga, Volume 6 No 7.
Nuryadi, A. (2019). Pengaruh Latihan Kekuatan Otot Lengan Terhadap Kemampuan Shooting Bola Basket. In SNHRP-II. http://snhrp.unipasby.ac.id/
Oki Candra, O., Rahmadani, A., & Keguruan dan, F. (2023). SOSIALISASI TEKNIK DASAR BOLA BASKET PADA SISWA EKTRAKURIKULER BOLA BASKET SD AL AZHAR 37 PEKANBARU. JPM Jurnal Pengabdian Mandiri, 2(6). http://bajangjournal.com/index.php/JPM
Rizki Alamsyah, I., Mahfud, I., Marsheilla Aguss, R., & Olahraga, P. (2022). PENGARUH LATIHAN SHOOTING DENGAN METODE BEEF TERHADAP AKURASI FREE THROW SISWI EKSTRAKURIKULER BASKET SMK NEGERI 4 BANDAR LAMPUNG. & Education Journal,3(2). https://ejurnal.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/sport/issue/archive
“Saichudin,” & ’Sayyid Agil, R. M. (2019). Buku Ajar Bola Basket. Wineka Media.
Sugiyono. (2020). 729101674-Metode-Penelitian-Kuantitatif-Kualitatif-Dan-r-d-Sugiyono-2020 (Sutopo, Ed.; Edisi Cetakan Ke 2). ALFABETA BANDUNG.
Wibisono, A. A., Wahyudi, U., Fitriady, G., & Januarto, B. (2022). Tingkat Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Passing, Shooting, Dribbling Bola Basket Siswa Ekstrakurikuler. Sport Science and Health, 5(9), 904–913. https://doi.org/10.17977/um062v5i92023p904-913