Main Article Content
Abstract
Centrosema pubescens (centro) and Pueraria phaseoloides (puero) are important forage legumes as protein and mineral sources for ruminant livestock in the tropics. However, most of the land that used for forage production is characterized by a low phosphorus content. As the high cost of superphosphate is a major limiting factor, a combination of rock phosphate (RP) fertilization and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi inoculation maybe a promising technique. A field experiment was conducted in Bogor during 7 months, on a latosolic soil (low pH and low available Bray II extractable P) to evaluate the effects of RP fertilization and VAM inoculation and their interaction on dry matter (DM) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility. A completely randomized block design with 3 replicates was used. The main experiment consisted therein the combination of three factors as follows 1) legume species (centro, puero), 2) VAM inoculation (with, and without VAM inoculation), and 3) rock phosphate fertilization (0, 44, 87, 131, and 175 kg P ha-1). The period of defoliation was used as sub factor (defoliation I, II, and III). Results showed that DM production and DM digestibility of puero was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to centro after defoliation. Dry matter digestibility of VAM inoculated puero was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to uninoculated one. Rock phosphate fertilization significantly increased (P<0.05) DM production of VAM inoculated legume. Dry matter production was not significantly different (P>0.05) with or without VAM inoculation. When inoculated, rock phosphate fertilization increased DM production of legume. Success of VAM inoculation in the field affected by effectiveness of indigenous- VAM fungi or depending upon VAM inoculum potential.
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
- Bagyaraj, D.J. 1988. Technology for inoculum production of VAM fungi. In Mahadevan, A., Raman, N., and Natarajan, K., eds., 1988. Proc. of the First Asian Conference on Mycorrhizae. Madras, 29-31 January, p.326-328.
- Coates, D.B., Kerridge, P.C., Miller, C.P., and Winter, W.H. 1990. Phosphorus and beef production in northern Australia. 7. The effect of phosphorus on the composition, yield and quality of legume-based pasture and their relation to animal production. Tropical Grasslands. 24:209-220.
- Dell, B., Malajczuk, N., and Grove, T.S. 1995. Nutrient Disorders in Plantation Eucalyptus. ACIAR Monograph
- Gui,L.X., and Yin, H.W. 1991. Occurrence and efficiency of VA mycorrhizae in Fluvo-Aquic soils in North China. BIOTROP Special Publication. 42:111-121
- Islam, A.K.M.S., Kerven, G., and Oweczkin, J. 1992. Methods of Plant Analysis. ACIAR 904. IBSRAM QC.
- Jones, R.J. 1990. Phosphorus and beef production in northern Australia. 1. Phosphorus and pasture productivity. Tropical Grasslands. 24:131-139
- Kerridge, P.C., and Ratcliff, D. 1982. Compa- rative growth of four tropical pasture legumes and guinea grass with different phosphorus sources. Tropical Grasslands. 16:33-40.
- Lukiwati, D.R. and Simanungkalit, R.D.M. 2001.
- Improvement of maize productivity with combination of phosphorus fertilizer from difference sources and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation. p.329-333. In Rajan, S.S.S, and Chien, S.H.,(eds). 2001. Proc.of International Meeting “Direct Application of Phosphate Rock and Related Appropriate Technology-Latest Developments and Practical Experiences”. Kuala Lumpur, 16-
- July.
- Lukiwati, D.R., and Simanungkalit, R.D.M. 2004.
- Production and nutritive value of Pueraria phaseoloides with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation and phosphorus fertilization, abstr.p.90, Abstract of the 4th International Symposium of the Working Group MO “Environmental Significance of Mineral-Organic Component-Microorganism Interactions in Terrestrial Systems”. Wuhan- China, 20-23 September.
- Lukiwati, D.R. and Supriyanto. 1995.
- Performance of three VAM species from India for inoculum production in centro and puero. p.257-265. In Prana, S.S., ed. 1995. International Workshop on Biotechnology and Development of Species for Industrial Timber Estates. Proc. LIPI Bogor. 27-29 June.
- Mitiku-Habte and Fox, R.L. 1993. Effectiveness
- of VAM fungi in non sterile soils before and after optimization of P in soil solution. Plant and Soil. 151(2):219-226.
- Potty, V.P. 1988. Response of cassava (Manihot esculenta ) to VAM inoculation in acid lateritic soil. p.246-249. In Mahadevan, A., Raman, N, and Natarajan, K. 1988. Proc. of the First ACOM. Madras, 29-31 January.
- Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Second Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc, New York.
- Terry, R.A.and Tilley, J.M.A. 1963. A two state
- technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal British Grassland. F.O.C. 18:104-111
- Yinglong, C., Mingqin, G., Fengzhen, W., Yu, C., Meiqing, Z., Dell, B., and Malajczuk, N. 1998. Diversity putative ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Eucalyptus plantations in Southern China. p 21-28. In Mingqin,G., Daping, X., Chonglu, Z., Yinglong, C., Dell, B., and Brundrett, M.,eds.,1998. Proc. of Guangzhou ACIAR International Workshop. Guangzhou, 31
- August-6 September,
References
Bagyaraj, D.J. 1988. Technology for inoculum production of VAM fungi. In Mahadevan, A., Raman, N., and Natarajan, K., eds., 1988. Proc. of the First Asian Conference on Mycorrhizae. Madras, 29-31 January, p.326-328.
Coates, D.B., Kerridge, P.C., Miller, C.P., and Winter, W.H. 1990. Phosphorus and beef production in northern Australia. 7. The effect of phosphorus on the composition, yield and quality of legume-based pasture and their relation to animal production. Tropical Grasslands. 24:209-220.
Dell, B., Malajczuk, N., and Grove, T.S. 1995. Nutrient Disorders in Plantation Eucalyptus. ACIAR Monograph
Gui,L.X., and Yin, H.W. 1991. Occurrence and efficiency of VA mycorrhizae in Fluvo-Aquic soils in North China. BIOTROP Special Publication. 42:111-121
Islam, A.K.M.S., Kerven, G., and Oweczkin, J. 1992. Methods of Plant Analysis. ACIAR 904. IBSRAM QC.
Jones, R.J. 1990. Phosphorus and beef production in northern Australia. 1. Phosphorus and pasture productivity. Tropical Grasslands. 24:131-139
Kerridge, P.C., and Ratcliff, D. 1982. Compa- rative growth of four tropical pasture legumes and guinea grass with different phosphorus sources. Tropical Grasslands. 16:33-40.
Lukiwati, D.R. and Simanungkalit, R.D.M. 2001.
Improvement of maize productivity with combination of phosphorus fertilizer from difference sources and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation. p.329-333. In Rajan, S.S.S, and Chien, S.H.,(eds). 2001. Proc.of International Meeting “Direct Application of Phosphate Rock and Related Appropriate Technology-Latest Developments and Practical Experiences”. Kuala Lumpur, 16-
July.
Lukiwati, D.R., and Simanungkalit, R.D.M. 2004.
Production and nutritive value of Pueraria phaseoloides with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation and phosphorus fertilization, abstr.p.90, Abstract of the 4th International Symposium of the Working Group MO “Environmental Significance of Mineral-Organic Component-Microorganism Interactions in Terrestrial Systems”. Wuhan- China, 20-23 September.
Lukiwati, D.R. and Supriyanto. 1995.
Performance of three VAM species from India for inoculum production in centro and puero. p.257-265. In Prana, S.S., ed. 1995. International Workshop on Biotechnology and Development of Species for Industrial Timber Estates. Proc. LIPI Bogor. 27-29 June.
Mitiku-Habte and Fox, R.L. 1993. Effectiveness
of VAM fungi in non sterile soils before and after optimization of P in soil solution. Plant and Soil. 151(2):219-226.
Potty, V.P. 1988. Response of cassava (Manihot esculenta ) to VAM inoculation in acid lateritic soil. p.246-249. In Mahadevan, A., Raman, N, and Natarajan, K. 1988. Proc. of the First ACOM. Madras, 29-31 January.
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Second Edition. McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc, New York.
Terry, R.A.and Tilley, J.M.A. 1963. A two state
technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal British Grassland. F.O.C. 18:104-111
Yinglong, C., Mingqin, G., Fengzhen, W., Yu, C., Meiqing, Z., Dell, B., and Malajczuk, N. 1998. Diversity putative ectomycorrhizal fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Eucalyptus plantations in Southern China. p 21-28. In Mingqin,G., Daping, X., Chonglu, Z., Yinglong, C., Dell, B., and Brundrett, M.,eds.,1998. Proc. of Guangzhou ACIAR International Workshop. Guangzhou, 31
August-6 September,