Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of research was to determine utilization level of organic mineral both macro (Ca, Mg) and micro (Zn, Cu, Cr, Se) mineral by in vitro method. The research had two steps, the first, determine utilization level of micro organic mineral.The research used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were arranged i.e: basic rations (30% forage+70% concentrate); basic rations +0.5 times recomendation of organic micro mineral, basic rations + 1 times recomendation of organic micro mineral, basic rations + 1.5 times recomendation of organic micro mineral, and basic rations+2 times recomendation of organic micro mineral. Secondly, the research had done to determine utilization level of macro organic mineral. The research used completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 6 replications The treatments were arranged i.e: basic rations (30% forage + 70% concentrate); basic rations +0.5 times recomendation of organic macro mineral, basic rations+1 times recomendation of organic macro mineral, basic rations +1.5 times recomendation of organic macro mineral, and basic rations+2 times recomendation of organic macro mineral. The parameters consisted i.e: containing of volatil fatty acid, ammonia, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility. The result showed (1) based on dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility, the best level of utilization of organic macro mineral was 1 times recomendation of NRC (1985) based on organic matter digestibility, the best level of utilization of organic micro mineral was 1.5 times recomendation of NRC.
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References
- Arthur, J.R. 1997. Non-glutathione peroxidase function of selenium. Pp.143-154. In Biotechnology and Feed Industry. Proc. Alltech’s 13th Annual Symposium.
- T.P. Lyons and K.A. Jacques eds. Nottingham University Press., Nottingham.
- Erwanto. 1995. Optimalisasi Sistem Fermentasi
- Rumen melalui Suplementasi Sulfur, Defaunasi, Reduktasi Emisi Metan dan Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Mikroba pada Ternak Ruminansia. Disertasi, Program Pasca sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor
- Hartati, E. 1998. Suplementasi Minyak Lemuru dan Seng ke Dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Silase Pod Coklat dan Urea untuk Memacu Pertumbuhan Sapi Holstein Jantan. Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
- Hungate, R.E. 1966. The Rumen and Its Microbes.
- Academic Press., New York
- Maynard, L. A.,J.K. Loosly, H.f. Hintz, and R.G. Warner. 1982. Animal nutrition. 7th edition. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York
- Muhtarudin. 2003. Pembuatan dan penggunaan Zn-Proteinat dalam ransum untuk meningkatkan nilai hayati dedak gandum dan optimalisasi bioproses dalam pencernaan ternak kambing. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 3(5): 385—393.
- Muhtarudin, L., dan Y. Widodo. 2003. Penggunaan seng Organik dan Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid dalam upaya meningkatkan ketersediaan Seng, pertumbuh an, serta kualitas daging kambing. Laporan Penelitian Hibah Bersaing Perguruan Tinggi.
- National Research Council. 1985. Nutrient Requirement of Sheep. 6th Ed. National Academy Science, Washington, D. C
- National Research Council. 1988. Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. 6Th Ed. National Academy Science, Washington, D.C.
- Prihandono, R. 2001. Pengaruh suplementasi probiotik bioplus, lisinat Zn dan minyak lemuru (Sardinella longiceps) terhadap tingkat penggunaan pakan dan produksi fermentasi rumen domba. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. (Tidak dipublikasikan).
- Putra, S. 1999. Peningkatan performans sapi Bali
- melalui perbaikan mutu pakan dan suplementasi seng asetat. Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
- Satter, L. D. and L.L. Slyter. 1974. Effect of ammonia on rumen microbial protein production in vitro . British Journal of
- Nutrition. 32: 199-208
- Schwarz, K. and W. Mertz. 1959. Chromium (III) and glucose tolerance factor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 85: 292.
- Sutardi T. 1977. Ikhtisar Ruminologi. Bahan Kursus Peternakan Sapi Perah. Kayu Ambon. Dirjen Peternakan-FAO
- Sutardi T. 2001. Revitalisasi peternakan sapi perah melalui penggunan ransum berbasis limbah perkebunan dan suplemen mineral organik. Laporan Akhir RUT VIII. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor
- Sutardi, T., N. A. Sigit, dan T. Toharmat. 1983. Standarisasi mutu protein Bahan makanan ruminansia berdasarkan parameter metabolismenya oleh mikroba rumen. Laporan Penelitian. Direktorat Pembinaan dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat, Dirjen DIKTI, Depdikbud.
- Tilley, A. D. dan R. A. Terry. 1963. A two stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal British Grassland Society. 18(2): 104 -111
References
Arthur, J.R. 1997. Non-glutathione peroxidase function of selenium. Pp.143-154. In Biotechnology and Feed Industry. Proc. Alltech’s 13th Annual Symposium.
T.P. Lyons and K.A. Jacques eds. Nottingham University Press., Nottingham.
Erwanto. 1995. Optimalisasi Sistem Fermentasi
Rumen melalui Suplementasi Sulfur, Defaunasi, Reduktasi Emisi Metan dan Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Mikroba pada Ternak Ruminansia. Disertasi, Program Pasca sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor
Hartati, E. 1998. Suplementasi Minyak Lemuru dan Seng ke Dalam Ransum yang Mengandung Silase Pod Coklat dan Urea untuk Memacu Pertumbuhan Sapi Holstein Jantan. Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Hungate, R.E. 1966. The Rumen and Its Microbes.
Academic Press., New York
Maynard, L. A.,J.K. Loosly, H.f. Hintz, and R.G. Warner. 1982. Animal nutrition. 7th edition. Mc Graw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York
Muhtarudin. 2003. Pembuatan dan penggunaan Zn-Proteinat dalam ransum untuk meningkatkan nilai hayati dedak gandum dan optimalisasi bioproses dalam pencernaan ternak kambing. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 3(5): 385—393.
Muhtarudin, L., dan Y. Widodo. 2003. Penggunaan seng Organik dan Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid dalam upaya meningkatkan ketersediaan Seng, pertumbuh an, serta kualitas daging kambing. Laporan Penelitian Hibah Bersaing Perguruan Tinggi.
National Research Council. 1985. Nutrient Requirement of Sheep. 6th Ed. National Academy Science, Washington, D. C
National Research Council. 1988. Nutrient Requirement of Dairy Cattle. 6Th Ed. National Academy Science, Washington, D.C.
Prihandono, R. 2001. Pengaruh suplementasi probiotik bioplus, lisinat Zn dan minyak lemuru (Sardinella longiceps) terhadap tingkat penggunaan pakan dan produksi fermentasi rumen domba. Skripsi. Fakultas Peternakan. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. (Tidak dipublikasikan).
Putra, S. 1999. Peningkatan performans sapi Bali
melalui perbaikan mutu pakan dan suplementasi seng asetat. Disertasi, Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Satter, L. D. and L.L. Slyter. 1974. Effect of ammonia on rumen microbial protein production in vitro . British Journal of
Nutrition. 32: 199-208
Schwarz, K. and W. Mertz. 1959. Chromium (III) and glucose tolerance factor. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 85: 292.
Sutardi T. 1977. Ikhtisar Ruminologi. Bahan Kursus Peternakan Sapi Perah. Kayu Ambon. Dirjen Peternakan-FAO
Sutardi T. 2001. Revitalisasi peternakan sapi perah melalui penggunan ransum berbasis limbah perkebunan dan suplemen mineral organik. Laporan Akhir RUT VIII. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor
Sutardi, T., N. A. Sigit, dan T. Toharmat. 1983. Standarisasi mutu protein Bahan makanan ruminansia berdasarkan parameter metabolismenya oleh mikroba rumen. Laporan Penelitian. Direktorat Pembinaan dan Pengabdian pada Masyarakat, Dirjen DIKTI, Depdikbud.
Tilley, A. D. dan R. A. Terry. 1963. A two stage technique for in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal British Grassland Society. 18(2): 104 -111