Alternative Organic Liquid Fertilizer from Meatball Water Decoction with Banana Humps Activator

This study aimed to determine the effect of the use of EM4 and Local Microorganism (LM) activators from banana hump (Kepok banana, Raja banana, and Ambon banana) on the manufacture of organic liquid fertilizer derived from waste meatball water stew. The research method used in this study was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and three replications, namely: P1 EM4, P2 (Local Microorganism from Kepok banana hump ), P2 (Local Microorganism from Ambon banana hump), P3 (Local Microorganism from Raja banana hump). In this study testing the levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Carbon, and pH levels in organic liquid fertilizer from boiled meatball water. The data obtained from this study were analyzed using Complete Randomized Design and Duncan's advanced test. The results of the addition of EM4 activator and banana hump MOL on the manufacture of organic liquid fertilizer from meatball decoction water showed no significant effect (P> 0.05) on N, K, and pH levels on fertilizers. The results showed a significant effect (P <0.05) on the P content of fertilizer. The highest C content was found in P2, while the highest C / N ratio was


INTRODUCTION
Waste from the processing of meatballs every day is getting faster because meatballs are one of the favorite foods among the people and are accessible in the manufacturing process. This is supported by the increasing development of the meatball business in Rogojampi sub-district. Waste from boiled meatballs that are not utilized will be discharged directly into the sewer. Waste from the remaining meatball stew still contains high enough organic ingredients such as protein, fat, sodium carbohydrates, and potassium.
Organic liquid fertilizer is fertilizer derived from animal or vegetable waste that has undergone a fermentation process of utilization of meatball stew water waste as one of the main ingredients in making organic liquid fertilizer. Use of meatball stew water waste can be applied directly to the plant or decomposed first. The meatballs of boiled water will undergo a process of decomposition of organic matter so that it becomes a compound that is simple and easily absorbed by plants. The method of decomposition of organic compounds is assisted by adding activator substances.
The activators used in this study were EM4 and local microorganisms banana humps. Banana humps have the potential to be used as a source of Local Microorganisms because the nutrients in the banana hump can function as a food source for microbes to develop appropriately. In addition to local microorganisms, banana humps serve as antibiotic substances, capable of producing phosphate solvent bacteria that play a role in nitrification and denitrification, and can remodel organic compounds (Suhastyo, 2013). According to Kesuwaningwati (2017), the use of banana humps as decomposers of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost is higher in phosphorus and potassium content than compost with EM4 decomposers. Liquid organic fertilizer comes from waste of tilapia fish offal with the addition of Local Microorganisms banana humps maximum value to volume variations of Local Microorganisms for nitrogen (N) of 0.311% at addition of 100 ml Local Microorganisms banana humps, phosphor 0.167% at addition of 150 ml Local Microorganisms Banana humps and potassium 0.037% in addition of 150 ml of local banana microorganism (Lepongbulan, 2017). Dewi (2016), in her study of 28 days aerobic composting process using Mac Donald's method of compost with leachate activator and Local Microorganism banana hump to accelerate composting time.
Resulting in leachate addition of 20 ml/kg and Local Microorganisms as much as 5 ml/kg accelerates composting of organic waste to 3 weeks, C / N 14.21.
Based on this background, we conducted a study with the aim to determine the effect of microorganisms in EM4 and local microorganisms on the quality of organic liquid fertilizer and the impact of the length of time it takes for bacteria to degrade the content in meatball cooking water so that it can affect the availability of nutrients in organic liquid fertilizer. Stumps. Prepare Local Microorganisms in the form of each 1 kg bunch of bananas finely ground and then put in a bucket. Mix 100 ml of molasses and 1 liter of rice washing water then stir until smooth and put the lid on the bottle. Wait for the 7-day fermentation process.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The Process of making organic liquid fertilizers : In this study plastic jerry cans were used as a container to make organic liquid fertilizer from meatball sauce waste, the material used in this study came from boiled meatball water which is a waste from making meatballs. For each plastic, jerry can fill with 5 liters of meatball sauce. Then the activator liquid EM4 (Effective Microorganism 4) and Local Microorganisms were prepared banana hump (kepok, raja, and ambon) which served to help speed up the decomposition process.
Variation of the addition of 20 ml EM4 volume and from Local Microorganism banana bunches as much as 20 ml in each sample. Then stir it flat in a plastic jar and close it tightly and then ferment it for 20 days. The sample obtained will be analyzed the content of N, P, K, C, and pH. Each uses the micro Kjeldahl method (for N), spectrophotometer (P), Instrument Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (for K), and walked and black methods for analysis (C).
The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there are significant differences between treatments, then it is followed by Duncan's multiple range test (Mattjik dan Sumertajaya, 2006).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the nitrogen content test on organic liquid fertilizer from the stew of meatball with banana hump activator did not show any significant differences (P> 0.05). Based on table 1 shows that P2 treatment has the highest average Nitrogen content, which is 0.1043. The lowest average value of N content is found in treatment P0, with an average value of 0.0763. The test results show that the use of banana hump activators has a higher N content when compared with the use of EM4 activators. According to Karyono (2017), the use of banana hump activators can increase the N content of fertilizers because banana humps have many buds containing gibberellins and cytokinins, which are growth regulators.
Local microorganisms from banana weevils have protein nutrient content; the use of local organisms from banana weevils will increase the N content of the organic fertilizer. N levels in fertilizers were produced through the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms; the N content in fertilizers will affect decomposing organisms because they are essential compounds in the formation of cell protoplasms. According to Lakitan (2002), Nitrogen is one of the constituent elements of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment needed as absorbent sunlight used in photosynthesis.
If N increases, chlorophyll also increases, so photosynthates produced and accumulated to plant growth also grow. The high and low nitrogen content is influenced by the protein content in the material. According to Suhastyo (2013) in banana humps there are microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, the genus Bacillus genus has different abilities including being able to overhaul organic compounds, able to produce antibiotics, play a role in nitrification and denitrification so that it can help process nitrogen formation. The N content in organic fertilizers is not fixed and depends on the material, how to compost, and how to make it. According to Cesaria et al. (2010), one of the factors that influence the N content in the composting process is the water content in the material. Nitrogen can react with water to form NO 3and H + compounds. NO 3compounds have properties easily dissolved by water so that with a high moisture content can dissolve NO 3compounds. NO 3can be lost through evaporation because it changes into N 2 and N 2 O compounds. 0,0900 ± 0,0095 0,1043 ± 0,0302 0,094 ± 0,113 Phosphor 0,0203 ± 0,0015 c 0,0243 ± 0,0015 b 0,0230 ± 0,0010 b 0,0273 ± 0,0015 a Potassium 0,0526 ± 0,0046 0,0583 ± 0,0040 0,0633 ± 0,0046 0,0613 ± 0,0057 pH 7,5733 ± 0,2742 7,7533 ± 0,2602 7,7166 ± 0,1050 7,7358 ± 0,0173 Note : P0 (EM4), P1 (Local Microorganism from Kepok banana hump), P2 (Local Microorganism from Ambon banana hump), P3 (Local Microorganism from Raja banana hump). The numbers followed by the same letters on the same line mean that they are not significant at the level of 1% The results of the phosphorus level test on organic liquid fertilizer from the stew of meatball with banana hump activator showed a significant difference (P<0.05). In table 1, it could be seen that treatment P3 has the highest average value of phosphorus content when compared with other treatments, which is equal to 0.0273. The lowest average amount of phosphorus content is found in treatment P0, which is equivalent to 0.0203. According to Karyono (2017) in banana humps, there are also microorganisms that play a role in the process of decomposing organic matter, especially in the process of phosphate dissolution. Organisms that play a role in forming phosphorus in fertilizers are Aspergillus niger.
According to the results of the research by Maningsih and Anas (1996), Aspergillus niger can increase the solubility of P from A l PO 4 by 13.5% and can increase P solubility in Ultisol soil 30.4% compared to control. Some species of the genus Aspergillus have a higher ability to dissolve phosphate bound compared to bacteria. Phosphorus in fertilizer could be found in the form of P 2 O 5 , which was located at the end of the decomposition process. According to Hidayati et al., (2011), phosphorus compost has two forms, namely inorganic and organic shapes like nucleic acids, chitin, and lecithin. Phosphorus is used by microorganisms to process cell formation using enzyme phosphatase (Stofella and Khan, 2011).
The test results of potassium levels on organic liquid fertilizer from the stew of meatball with banana hump activator did not show any significant differences (P> 0.05). In Table 1 it can be seen that treatment P2 has the highest average value of potassium content which is equal to 0.06330, while the average amount of the lowest potassium content is in treatment P0 which is similar to 0.0526. According to Christie (2004), the cause of differences in potassium levels in fertilizers could is caused by P solvent bacteria such as Bacillus mucilaginous.
According to Karyono (2017), the content of K elements in fertilizers was influenced by the weathering of organic matter contained in the compost. Potassium compounds are compounds produced by the metabolism of microorganisms. Microorganisms use free K + ions present in the material (Agustina, 2004). Organisms used potassium as a catalyst in the process of metabolism (Hidayati et al., 2004). Optimal decomposition activities cause K elements to break down into available forms. Potassium is bound and stored in cells of microorganisms and will be re-released when degraded (Putri et al., 2014). Salisbury and Ross (1995) state that K elements play an essential role in opening and closing stomata and acting as activators of various enzymes involved in protein and carbohydrate synthesis. If K increases, carbohydrates also increase so that it can be used to improve plant growth. The K content produced in this study is by the standard standards of the government based on ministerial regulations agriculture No. 2 / pert / HK.060 / 2/2006, which is the content <5%.
The results of the pH test on organic liquid fertilizer from a stew of meatball with banana hump activator did not show a significant difference; it could be seen from the sig value that is equal to 0.312. Based on table 1 shows that treatment P2 has the highest average pH value, which is 7.7533. The lowest average value of pH was found in treatment P0, with an average value of 7.5733. The results showed that the use of banana hump activators had the same pH range as the use of EM4 activators, namely the pH range 4 -8. This was by the research conducted by Ekawandani (2009) that vegetable waste fermentation with EM4 fermentation for 20 days produced pH 7. The pH content in this study is by the range of ethical pH values for fertilizer. A suitable pH range for liquid organic fertilizer is around 6.5 -7.5 (Indriani 2002). The level of acidity is related to environmental conditions or habitat of these living microorganisms. If the acidity or pH level is not by the optimal pH of enzyme activity, it will affect the metabolic activity of microorganisms.
Consequently, microorganisms cannot grow and develop optimally (Adi, 2018). In figure 1, the use of kepok banana hump activator has the highest C organic value when compared to the use of other activators. Based on Figure 1, it can be seen that the use of kepok banana hump activator has the highest C organic value when compared with the use of other activators. Microorganisms can use the function of carbon in kepok bananas as an energy source to compile cellulose material for microbial cells by freeing CO2 and other substances that evaporate besides the composting process as an energy source (Mifthakul, 2013). The C / N ratio is the ratio of the levels of elements C and N elements found in the material. The fermentation process in fertilizers aims to reduce the C / N ratio of fermented ingredients. The fermentation process in fertilizers is expected to reduce the C / N ratio of fertilizers so that the rate of C / N to compost is equal to the value of the C / N ratio on the soil. If the ratio of C / N to fertilizer is the same as the ratio of C / N to ground, the nutrients in fertilizers were more easily absorbed by the soil. According to Karyono (2017), the most critical factor in the fertilizer manufacturing process is the C / N ratio, the C / N ratio in fertilizers affects the activity of microorganisms that require carbon as a source of energy and nitrogen as a source of protein to form cells.
In Figure 2, it can be seen that in treatment P1, the C / N Organic ratio is higher when compared to the use of other activators. The value of the C / N ratio in treatment P1 is 1. The C / N ratio is influenced by the content of N and C in the material. The difference in the C / N ratio in fertilizers is due to the decomposition of element C bonds in materials carried out by microorganisms. Element C is needed by microbes as an energy source and is released in the form of CO2 so that it causes element C in the material to decrease, element N is used by microorganisms to synthesize proteins and formation of cells and when microbes die N drive will be released again until the amount is fixed or increasing (Nugroho, 2018). The C / N ratio in this study is low when compared with the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No: 70 of 2011. The results of the study showed a range of values of 0.199-1 that value is very far when compared with the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No: 70 of 2011, which is 15-25.

CONCLUSION
Utilization of local microorganism activators originating from the banana hump can increase phosphorus content.