Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia

Sex-Based Growth Performance of Three Varieties of Kedu Chicken Aged 0–10 Weeks

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of Red-Combed Kedu (RCK), Black-Combed Kedu (BCK), and White Kedu (WK) chickens based on sex during the early growth phase (0 to 10 weeks of age). A total of 136 Kedu chickens were raised under uniform management conditions, consisting of 99 RCK (65 roosters and 34 hens), 29 BCK (5 roosters and 24 hens), and 8 WK (6 roosters and two hens). Body weight was recorded weekly and analysed using a two-way General Linear Model (GLM) in SAS to assess the effects of chicken variety, sex, and their interaction. The Shapiro–Wilk test confirmed that the data were normally distributed (p > 0.05). The results showed that sex had a significant effect on body weight from weeks 3 to 10 (p < 0.05), with roosters consistently exhibiting higher weights than hens. Significant differences among chicken varieties were observed only in the hen group at weeks 9 and 10, where BCK hens had higher body weights (p < 0.05) than WK hens, while RCK hens showed intermediate values. In contrast, no significant differences were found among rooster groups at any age. These findings suggest that genetic factors play an essential role in influencing growth performance in Kedu chickens, particularly in hens. This information provides a valuable foundation for breeding selection and the conservation of local chicken genetic resources.

Interactive Effects of Palm Kernel Cake Ratio and Enzyme Supplementation on Broiler Chicken Performance

Aji Praba Baskara, Siti Zubaidah, Bambang Ariyadi, Chusnul Hanim, Zuprizal — Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigated the interactive effects of palm kernel cake (PKC) inclusion levels (10 and 20%) and enzyme supplementation (NSPase, protease, and mannanase) on the growth performance and nutrient efficiency of broiler chickens. A total of 720 male broilers were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments and 6 replicates per treatment with each treatment consisting of 30 chickens for 28 days in a completely randomized design. The parameters measured included feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), energy and protein intake, and their respective efficiencies (Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)). Results showed that broilers fed diets with 10% PKC—both with and without enzyme supplementation—achieved significantly better final body weight, average daily gain (ADG), FCR, EER, and PER than those fed 20% PKC (P<0.05). Notably, enzyme supplementation improved nutrient utilization only at the 10% PKC level, while the 20% PKC inclusion led to reduced digestibility and performance, regardless of enzyme use (P<0.05). Feed, energy, and protein intake were not significantly different across treatments, indicating that variations in growth were primarily due to nutrient utilization efficiency (P>0.05). These findings suggest that a 10% PKC inclusion with or without enzymes optimizes broiler performance, while higher PKC levels may negate enzyme benefits due to increased fibre content.

Sido Makmur Srandakan Bantul Livestock Farmer's Group Readiness to Utilize Fermented Feed to Increase Income

Asih Kurniawati, Muhlisin, Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti — Wed, 24 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to analyze the group's understanding and readiness in utilizing fermented feed preservation and income analysis, specifically focusing on the selection of a location within the Sido Makmur group in Srandakan District, Bantul Regency. The sample was selected as a convenience sample of as many as 17 out of 80 members who were willing to be interviewed. The research was conducted in a quantitative descriptive manner. Primary data was collected through direct interviews using a questionnaire tool. The primary data collected include respondent characteristics, land ownership, and readiness to utilize feed preservation. The results show that most farmers of productive age with formal education equivalent to high school have received training in feed preservation; their main occupation is farming. The forage potential comes from agricultural waste, plantations, grass, and legumes. Farmers are willing to provide fermented feed to livestock (82.50%) and interested in selling fermented feed (76.47%) in the form of drums with a capacity of 50 kg made by farmer’s group (47.06%), created by individual (70.59%) and plastic packaging (41.18%) Income from fermented feed in drum was IDR 37,970 and plastic was IDR 35,970. Selling price and product quality are essential factors in selling fermented feed. Fortunately, to support product quality, packaging and labelling support is needed.

Correlation between hatchability traits, moisture loss, and embryonic mortality in commercial Lohmann Brown Lite breeder birds in South Africa

Takalani J. Mpofu, Khathutshelo Simon Masia, Ayodedji Peter Idowu — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to determine the relationship between hatchability traits, moisture loss and mortality in commercial Lohmann Brown Lite breeders in South Africa. A total of 5400 hatchable eggs were incubated. Descriptive analysis and the Pearson correlation coefficient were computed using MiniTab17. Fertility, embryo livability and mortality, total moisture loss, and hatchability were 95.06%, 86.56%, 6.37%, 13.27%, and 93.63%, respectively. There is a positive correlation between egg fertility and embryo livability (p<0.001; r=0.86) and between egg fertility and hatch of all set (r=0.82). There is a positive correlation between embryo livability and hatch of all sets (p < 0.001; r = 0.81). A negative correlation exists between moisture loss during days 0-10 and 11-18 of incubation (p < 0.001; r = -0.64). A positive correlation between total moisture loss and that during days 0-10 (p<0.01; r=0.44) and 11-18 (p<0.05; r=0.41) exists. A negative correlation was observed between hatch of fertile eggs and moisture loss (p < 0.05; r = 0.32). First-grade yield shows a positive correlation with total pullet yield (p < 0.001; r = 0.95). First-grade pullet yield has a negative correlation with male yield (p < 0.001; r = -0.95). Second-grade pullet yield has a positive correlation with overall pullet yield (p<0.05; r=0.36). Second-grade pullet yield has a negative correlation with male yield (p<0.05; r=-0.36. These results indicate that hatchability, embryonic mortality, and moisture loss are strongly influenced by fertility and incubation conditions. Optimizing these factors through proper management can improve chick quality, enhance hatchery efficiency, and increase productivity and profitability, contributing to sustainable poultry production and national food security.

Effect of Using Sophia Traditional Beverages with Different Alcohol Concentrations on pH, Moisture Content and Organoleptic Quality of Na'an Maran (Dried Meat)

Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Sophia concentration with different alcohol concentrations in the processing of Na'an Maran (dried meat), which was conducted at the Animal Product Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Marine and Fisheries. Using 20 kg of fresh beef, Sophia with 10%, 12% and 14% alcohol concentration and 2% salt per 1 kg of meat. This study employed four treatments and five replicates. Where P0: Beef + 2% salt (Control), P1: Beef + 2% salt + 10% alcohol concentration, P2: beef + 2% salt + 12% alcohol concentration, P3: beef + 2% salt + 14% alcohol concentration. Furthermore, organoleptic properties, pH and moisture content were tested. The data obtained were analysed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan's test to determine if there were significant differences between treatments. Organoleptic data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test if significant differences were found. The results showed that the use of Sophia with different alcohol concentrations had a significant effect (P < 0.01) on organoleptic properties and pH, while having no significant effect (P > 0.05) on water content. It can be concluded that Sophia can improve the organoleptic quality of Na'an Maran with the best treatment at 10% alcohol concentration.

Utilization of Calcium Sources in the Saponification Process of Lemuru Fish Oil for Protected Fat Supplements

Marjuki, Hartutik, Asri Nurul Huda, Kamelia Oktafiyanti, Arum Phusparini — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the effectiveness of several calcium compounds in the saponification of lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) oil to produce protected fat supplements for ruminants. Four calcium sources—Ca (OH)₂, CaCO₃, CaCO₃·MgCO₃ (dolomite), and CaSO₄ (gypsum)—were tested using a completely randomized design with five replications. The parameters observed included product texture, proximate composition (moisture, ash, fat), fatty acid profile, and solubility under rumen-like (neutral) and gastric (acidic) conditions. Results indicated that Ca (OH)₂, CaCO₃·MgCO₃, and CaSO₄ were effective in forming calcium or mixed fatty acid salts, while CaCO₃ failed to bind free fatty acids. Among the effective compounds, Ca (OH)₂ produced the fastest hardening product, whereas dolomite and gypsum provided more balanced mineral contributions (Ca, Mg, and S). All protected fat products were less soluble in the rumen environment but readily decomposed under acidic gastric conditions, ensuring nutrient bypass. These findings suggest that low-cost and locally available calcium sources can be utilized to develop protected fat supplements that are both nutritionally safe and practical for ruminant feeding. Further research is needed to optimize the water-to-oil ratio and enzyme application for improved efficiency.

Nutritional Profile and In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Mixed Silage of Kume Grass and Moringa Leaves

Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

A study was conducted to determine the nutritional profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of mixed silage of Kume grass and Moringa leaves in the feed chemistry laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Nusa Cendana. The materials used were Kume grass and Moringa leaves, with the addition of rice bran as a fermentation stimulant. The research used an experimental method with a completely randomised design consisting of four treatments and five replications. The treatments were the proportions of Kume grass and Moringa leaves, respectively: KK0 = 100% Kume grass + 0% Moringa leaves; KK25 = 75% Kume grass + 25% Moringa leaves; KK50 = 50% Kume grass + 50% Moringa leaves and KK75 = 25% Kume grass + 75% Moringa leaves. The parameters measured included organoleptic quality, silage nutrient content, in vitro digestibility, and rumen fermentation. The results showed that increasing the level of Moringa leaves resulted in good ensilage, indicated by the absence of mould and a sour aroma. Rising levels of moringa leaves had a statistically significant effect (P<0.01) on the nutrient content of silage, rumen fermentation, and in vitro digestibility of the silage. It can be concluded that ensiling technology using Moringa leaves offers a promising solution to address feed shortages.

Short Communication: Behavioural Adaptations in Mating Patterns of Timor Deer (Cervus timorensis) in Captive Conditions in Kediri Facilities, East Java

Ardyah Ramadhina Irsanti Putri, Gatot Ciptadi; Mohammad Bachtiar Fahmi — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The Timor deer (Cervus timorensis), an endemic species of Indonesia, faces a severe population decline caused by habitat degradation, illegal hunting, and limited conservation initiatives. Captive breeding represents a strategic measure to enhance reproductive performance and ensure species persistence. This study examined the mating behaviour of Timor deer at the Brigif-16/Wira Yudha facility, Kediri, emphasising the effects of environmental conditions, social dynamics, and enclosure management. A total of 15 adult males and 40 adult females were monitored over two months using scan sampling across four daily periods (06:00–12:00, 12:00–15:00, 15:00–18:00, and 18:00–24:00). Results indicated that mating-related behaviors accounted for 18.7% of total activities, with the highest occurrence in the morning (06:00–12:00; 42.5% of mating events). Male-to-male competition represented 11.3% of all observations, also peaking in the morning, while female affiliative behaviours reached 15.8% during the same period. Activity levels declined sharply during midday heat (12:00–15:00; 8.6% of mating events) and in the evening (18:00–24:00; 6.2%), indicating strong environmental influence. Compared with wild populations, captive deer exhibited more clustered behavioural patterns, likely due to controlled feeding schedules, enclosure design, and the absence of predators. These findings suggest that reproductive monitoring and interventions should prioritise morning sessions when mating and social interactions are most frequent. Management practices that consider natural rhythms, minimise midday heat stress, and optimise social grouping can significantly improve welfare and reproductive output. Beyond practical applications, this study contributes to the understanding of polygynous cervid reproductive ecology under captive conditions. The insights gained provide a framework for refining conservation breeding strategies not only for Timor deer but also for other threatened ungulates facing similar challenges.