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Abstract

Hutan mangrove Setapok Besar terletak di Kota Singkawang Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Daerah ini secara langsung berbatasan dengan Laut Natuna dan menjadi areal penangkapan ikan. Nelayan membangun sero atau tambak ikan dengan jarak 4 mil dari pantai sebagai tempat untuk menangkap ikan. Tambak dibuat dari kayu dan kayu selalu diserang cacing penggerek kayu laut setelah 6 bulan dan mengalami kerusakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi keanekaragaman spesies cacing penggerek kayu laut dari hutan mangrove Setapok Besar Kota Singkawang. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan survey eksploratif di hutan mangrove dan areal sero atau tambak ikan. Kayu yang diserang cacing penggerek kayu laut dikumpulkan kemudian cacing dikeluarkan dari kayu dan dimasukkan ke dalam botol yang berisi alkohol 70%. Identifikasi jenis dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Kayu Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tanjungpura. Faktor lingkungan yang meliputi kualitas air dan tanah dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keaneragaman spesies cacing penggerek kayu laut yang berasal dari kayu yang digunakan di sero atau tambak ikan lebih tinggi daripada di kayu yang berasal dari hutan mangrove. Spesies cacing penggerek kayu laut yang ditemukan berjumlah 15 spesies yang berasal dari 2 famili, yaitu famili Teredinidae dan Pholadidae. Cacing penggerek kayu laut yang ditemukan di kayu dari sero atau tambak ikan meliputi Neoteredo reynes, Teredo pocalifer, Teredo utriculus, Teredo siamens, Teredo navalis, Teredo batiliformis, Teredo dagmarae, Teredo dallii, Martesia striata, Bankia setacea, Bankia minima dan Petricola pholadiformis. Spesies cacing penggerek kayu laut yang ditemukan di kayu dari hutan mangrove meliputi Bankia caribbea, Bankia fimbriulata, Bankia minima, Martesia striata dan Teredo navalis. Nilai keanekaragaman jenis cacing penggerek kayu laut adalah 2,6699 yang menunjukkan indeks keanekaragaman jenis tinggi. Nilai indeks dominansi sebesar 0,07156 yang menyatakan terdapat jenis cacing penggerek kayu laut yang dominan. Nilai kelimpahan jenis sebesar 0,9859 yang menunjukkan indeks kelimpahan jenis tinggi. Nilai indeks kekayaan jenis sebesar 2,00678 dan termasuk dalam katagori kekayaan jenis sedang. Faktor lingkungan sangat mendukung untuk perkembangan cacing penggerek kayu laut. Nilai rata-rata pH tanah sebesar  8,16; kandungan C-organik 2,76%; kadar pasir 12,30%; kadar liat 37,19%; kadar debu 50,51%. Nilai rata-rata pH air 7,92; salinitas 7,86%; BOD 9,54 mg/l; COD 528,86 mg/l dan DO 4,68 mg/l. Distribusi cacing penggerek kayu laut tersebar dari hutan mangrove sampai ke sero tambak ikan. Hal ini menunjukkan habitat hutan mangrove Setapok Besar cocok untuk pengembangan cacing penggerek kayu laut dan memberikan prospek pemanfaatan yang baik sebagai sumber pangan.

 

Kata Kunci: cacing penggerek kayu laut, keanekaragaman, mangrove, Kota Singkawang, Setapok Besar

 

Abstract

 

Species Diversity and Distribution of Marine Wood Borer in Setapok Besar Mangrove Forest, Singkawang City, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Setapok Besar Mangrove Forest was located in Singkawang City, West Kalimantan Province. This area was directly as a border to Natuna Sea and as a source for fishing area to the community. The fisherman built a fish pond as a place for catches the fish which around 4 miles from the beach. The fish pond made from wood and it’s always attack by marine wood borer after 6 month and damage. Despite the economic importance of marine wood borer, the study of the species diversity in Setapok Besar mangrove forest has never been conducted. This study aimed to inventory the species diversity of marine wood borer in Setapok Besar mangrove forest. The methods consist of collected the marine wood borer from wood in mangrove forest and from wood in fish pond. The environment factor consists of soil and water quality was evaluated. Result of research found the species diversity of marine wood borer in wood from fish pond was higher than wood from mangrove forest. Total number of marine wood borer found was 15 species and consist of 2 family, Teredinidae and Pholadidae.The species from wood of fish pond were Neoteredo reynes, Teredo pocalifer, Teredo utriculus, Teredo siamens, Teredo navalis, Teredo batiliformis, Teredo dagmarae, Teredo brevis, Teredo dallii, Bankia setacea Bankia minima, Martesia striata and Petricola pholadiformis. The species from wood in mangrove forest were Teredo navalis, Bankia caribbea,  Bankia fimbriulata, Bankia minima and Martesia striata. The diversity value of marine wood borer is 2.6699 which indicates a high index of species diversity. The dominance index value is 0.07156 which states that there are dominant species of marine wood borer. The species abundance value is 0.9859 which indicates a high species abundance index. The value of density index is 2.00678 and included in the category of medium density. The average of soil pH was 8.16; C-organic content was 2.76%; sand content was 12.30%; silt content was 50.51% and clay content was 37.19%. The average of water pH was 7.92; salinity was 7.86%; BOD was 9.54 mg/l; COD was 528.86 mg/l and DO was 4.68 mg/l. The distribution of marine wood borer was from fish pond until the mangrove forest area. These indicate the habitat was suitable for development of marine wood borer and gave the highest potential prospect of utilization the marine wood bores as a food source.

 

Keywords: diversity, marine wood borer, mangrove, Setapok Besar, Singkawang City

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Author Biography

Farah Diba, Forestry Faculty Tanjungpura University

Forestry Department
How to Cite
Diba, F., Wanamukti, B., Adha, K., & Ann, C. C. (2021). KEANEKARAGAMAN SPESIES CACING PENGGEREK KAYU LAUT DARI HUTAN MANGROVE SETAPOK BESAR KOTA SINGKAWANG. JURNAL ENGGANO, 6(1), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.31186/jenggano.6.1.62-79
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