Main Article Content
Abstract
Kajian faktor penentu kesehatan populasi Rhizophora apiculata telah dilakukan pada ekosistem mangrove sekitar kawasan industri perminyakan dan non kawasan industri di Provinsi Riau yang berdasarkan karakteristik lingkungannya dengan menggunakan Analisis PCA. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2014 di pesisir pantai Kota Dumai dan Kabupaten Bengkalis dengan tujuan sebagai dasar evaluasi terhadap pengelolaan mangrove di Provinsi Riau kedepannya. Pengukuran kualitas perairan dilakukan dengan cara insitu dan sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan eckman grab pada daerah intertidal dengan kedalaman air 5 – 10 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kondisi kesehatan populasi R. apiculata dipengaruhi oleh tiga faktor. Faktor pertama adalah parameter logam berat Pb, pH, suhu dan DO. Faktor kedua adalah parameter TPH dan trigliserida. Sementara faktor ketiga adalah salinitas dan potensial redoks. Kemudian masing-masing faktor memiliki nilai varian yang berbeda-beda yakni 33.36% (faktor pertama), 30.34% (faktor kedua) dan 15.57% (faktor ketiga). Dari ketiga faktor tersebut, yang paling mempengaruhi kondisi kesehatan populasi R. apiculata pada kawasan industri perminyakan dan non kawasan industri di Provinsi Riau adalah parameter logam berat Pb, pH, suhu dan DO.
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References
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- Umar HB. 2009. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan aplikasinya dengan SPSS. Kes Mas. 3(2): 97 – 101.
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References
Analuddin K, Jamili, Raya R, Septiana A, Rahim S. The spatial trends in the structural characteristics of mangrove forest at the Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. IRJPS. 4(8): 214 – 221. Doi:10.14303/irjps.2013.047.
Bengen DG. 2000. Teknik Pengambilan Contoh dan Analisis Data Biofisik Sumberdaya Pesisir. PKSPL-IPB. Bogor (ID): IPB Pr.
Brander LM, Wagtendonk AJ, Hussain SS, McVittie A, Verburg PH, de Groot RS, van der Ploeg S. 2012. Ecosystem service values for mangroves in Southeast Asia: A meta-analysis and value transfer application. Ecos Serv. 1: 62 – 69. Doi:10.1016/j.ecoser.2012.06.003.
Chen F, Yang Y, Zhang D, Zhang L. 2006. Heavy metals associated with reduced sulfur in sediments from different deposition environments in the Pearl River estuary, China. Environ Geochem Heal. 28: 265 – 272. Doi:10.1007/s10653-006-9042-4.
Costanza R, de Groot R, Sutton P, van der Ploeg S, Anderson SJ, Kubiszewski I, Farber S, Turner RK. 2014. Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Glob Environ Chan. 26:152 – 158. Doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.002.
Donato DC, Kauffman JB, Murdiyarso D, Kurnianto S, Stidham M, Kanninen M. 2011. Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. Nat Geosc. 4: 293 – 297. Doi:10.1038/NGEO1123.
Fraleigh JB, Beauregard RA. 1987. Linear Algebra. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. Inc, Rhode Island. 477 p.
Gillis LG, Bouma TJ, Jones CG, van Katwijk MM, Nagelkerken I, Jeuken CJL, Herman PMJ, Ziegler AD. 2014. Potential for landscape-scale positive interactions among tropical marine ecosystems. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 503: 289 – 303. Doi:10.3354/meps10716.
Giri C, Long J, Abbas S, Murali RM, Qamer FM, Pengra B, Thau D. 2015. Distribution and dynamics of mangrove forests of South Asia. Environ Manag. 148: 101 – 111. Doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.020.
Hamzah F, Pancawati Y. 2013. Fitoremidiasi logam berat dengan menggunakan mangrove. Ilm Kel. 18(4): 203 – 212.
Martono GH, Adji TB, Setiawan NA. 2012. Penggunaan metodologi analisa komponen utama (PCA) untuk mereduksi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyakit jantung koroner. Dalam: Seminar Nasional Science, Engineering and Technology. 23 – 24 Februari 2012. Malang, Indonesia.
Ho HH, Swennen R, Cappuyns V, Vassilieva E, Gerven TV, Tran TV. 2012. Potential release of selected trace elements (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) from sediments in Cam River-mouth (Vietnam) under influence of pH and oxidation. Scien Tot Environ. 435(436): 487 – 498. Doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.048.
Johnson R, Wichern D. 2007. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 6th ed. New Jersey (NJ): Pearson Prentice Hall.
Kirwan ML, Megonigal JP. 2013. Tidal wetland stability in the face of human impacts and sea-level rise. Nature. 504:53 – 60. Doi:10.1038/nature12856.
Kuenzer C, Bluemel A, Gebhardt S, Quoc TV, Dech S. 2011. Remote sensing of mangrove ecosystems: A review. Rem Sens. 3:878 – 928. Doi:10.3390/rs3050878.
Lewis M, Pryor R, Wilking L. 2011. Fate and effects of anthropogenic chemicals in mangrove ecosystems: A review. Environ Poll. 159: 2328 – 2346. Doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.027.
Mucha AP, Vasconcelos MTSD, Bordalo AA. 2003. Macro benthic community in the Douro Estuary: relations with trace metals and natural sediment characteristics. Environ Poll. 121: 169 – 180. Doi:10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00229-4.
Munawar, Zaidan. 2013. Bioremediasi limbah minyak bumi dengan teknik biopile di lapangan Klamono Papua. Sains dan Mat. 1(2): 41 – 46.
Nobi EP, Dilipan E, Thangaradjou T, Silvakumar K, Kannan L. 2010. Geochemical and geo-statistical assessment of heavy metal concentration in the sediments of different coastal ecosystems of Andaman Islands, India. Est Coast Shelf Sci. 87: 253 – 264. Doi: 10.1016/j.ecss.2009.12.019.
Noor YR, Khazali M, Suryadiputra INN. 2006. Panduan Pengenalan Mangrove di Indonesia. Bogor (ID):PHKA/WI-IP.
Pradhan UK, Shirodkar PV, Sahu BK. 2009. Physico-chemical characteristics of the coastal water off Devi estuary, Orissa and evaluation of its seasonal changes using chemometric techniques. Cur Sci. 96(9): 1203 – 1209.
Ramanathan AL, Subramanian V, Ramesh R, Chidambaram S, James A. 1999. Environmental geochemistry of the Pichavaram mangrove ecosystem (tropical), southeast coast of India. Environ Geol. 37(3): 223 – 233. Doi:10.1007/s002540050380.
Riyani Y. 2012. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi prestasi belajar mahasiswa (studi pada mahasiswa Jurusan Akuntansi Politeknik Negeri Pontianak). Eksos. 8(1): 19 – 25.
Sandilyan S, Kathiresan K. 2014. Decline of mangroves e A threat of heavy metal poisoning in Asia. Ocean Coast Manag. 102: 161 – 168. Doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.09.025.
Sudarmadji, Hargono S, Suhardi B. 1997. Prosedur Analisa untuk Bahan Makanan dan Pertanian. Yogyakarta (ID): Liberty.
Tahir I, Yoeswono. 2009. Optimasi proses transesterifikasi minyak sawit dengan methanol dan katalis KOH untuk pembuatan biodiesel. Dalam: Seminar Nasional Kimia Jurusan Pendidikan FMIPA Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. 17 Oktober 2009. Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Tripathi R, Shukla AK, Shahid M, Nayak D, Puree C, Mohanty S, Raja R, Lal B, Gautam P, Bhattacharyya P, Panda BB, Kumar A, Jambhulkar NN, Nayak AK. 2016. Soil quality in mangrove ecosystem deteriorates due to rice cultivation. Ecol Engin. 90: 163 – 169. Doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.062.
Udechukwu BE, Ismail A, Zulkifli SZ, Omar H. 2014. Distribution, mobility, and pollution assessment of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Fe in intertidal surface sediments of Sg. Puloh mangrove estuary, Malaysia. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 22(6): 4242 – 4255. Doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3663-4.
Ulqodry TZ, Bengen DG, Kaswadji RF. 2010. Karakteristik perairan mangrove Tanjung Api-api Sumatera Selatan berdasarkan sebaran parameter lingkungan perairan dengan menggunakan analisis komponen utama (PCA). Maspari. 1: 16 – 21.
Umar HB. 2009. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan aplikasinya dengan SPSS. Kes Mas. 3(2): 97 – 101.
Wang Y, Qiu Q, Xin G, Yang Z, Zheng J, Ye Z, Li S. 2013. Heavy metal contamination in a vulnerable mangrove swamp in South China. Environ Monit Assess. 185: 5775 – 5787. Doi:10.1007/s10661-012-2983-4.
Wu Q, Tame NFY, Leung JYS, Zhou X, Fu J, Yaoa B, Huang X, Xia L. 2014. Ecological risk and pollution history of heavy metals in Nansha mangrove, South China. Ecotox Environ Saf. 104: 43 – 51. Doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.02.017.
Yap CK, Ismail A, Tan SG, Omar H. 2002. Concentrations of Cu and Pb in the offshore and intertidal sediments of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Env Int. 28: 467 – 479. Doi:10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00073-9.