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Abstract
This research aimed at finding out the semantic and social context of invective expressions in Bengkulu Malay Language. The data was taken from four families in Bengkulu Malay society by using observation, interview, and field notes techniques. The result shows that there are thirty invective expressions in Bengkulu Malay Language which are grouped into four categories: parts of body, intellectuality, disease, and behavior category. Contextually, invective expressions belong to negative semantic. Textually, those expressions belong to neutral semantic. It is due to the associations which encompass the expressions. Based on social context, there are some factors need to be considered in speech. They are: 1) kinship, superior-inferior, and social aloofness; 2) emotional state of the speaker; and 3) the scene in which the speech take place, including the place, time, and the act.
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References
Aminudin. 1988. Semantik: Pengantar Studi tentang Makna. Bandung: Sinar Baru.
Aminudin. 1990. Pengembangan Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Bidang Bahasa dan Sastra. Malang: YA3
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1992. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Bapeda Propinsi Bengkulu. 1984. Monografi Propinsi Bengkulu. Jakarta: Proyek Pengembangan Media Kebudayaan Dirjen Kebudayaan Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia.
Chaer, Abdul. 1990. Pengantar Studi tentang Makna. Jakarta: Raneka Cipta.
Crystal, David. 1985. Cambridge Ensiklopedi of Language Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Dardjowidjojo, Soerjono (Ed). 1985. Perkembangan Linguistik di Indonesia. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali.
Depdikbud. 1982. Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka
Halliday, M.A.K. dan Rugaiya Hasan. 1992. Bahasa, Konteks dan Teks; Aspek-aspek Bahasa dalam Pandangan Semiotik Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Ibrahim, Abd. Syukur. 1992. Kajian Tindak Tutur. Surabaya: Usaha Nasional.
Koentjaraningrat. 1986. Metode-metode Penelitian Masyarakat. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Leech, Geoffrey. 1993. Prinsip-prinsip Pragmatik. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia.
Lubis, Hasan Hamid. 1993. Analisis Wacana Pragmatik. Bandung: Angkasa Bandung.
Moeleong, lexy. J. 1990. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Mohadjir, Noeng. 1992. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Jogyakarta: Rake Sarasin.
Nababan, P.W.J. 1984. Sosiolinguistik: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.
Nababan, P.W.J. 1987. Ilmu Pragmatik. (Teori dan Penerapannya). Jakarta: P2LPTK.
Purwo, Bambang Kaswanti (peny). 1992. Bahasa Budaya. Jakarta: Kanisius.
Rahayu, Ngudining. 1988. Penerapan Leksikostatistik dan Glotokronolagi terhadap Lima Bahasa Daerah di Propinsi Bengkulu. FKIP UNIB.
Schlegel, Stuart.A. 1977. Grounded Research di Ilmu-ilmu Sosial. Banda Aceh: Pusat Latihan Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial.
Sibarani, Robert.M.S. 1992. Hakikat Bahasa. Bandung: Citra Aditya bakti.
Soemardjan, Selo. Dkk. Tanpa Tahun. Metode Sastra. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali.
Sumarlin, William J. 1988. Ilmu bahasa Lapangan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
Suwito. 1983. Pengantar Sosiolinguistik. Surakarta: Henary Offset Solo.
Suwito. 1983. Sosiolinguistik Teori dan Problema. Surakarta: Henary Offset Solo.