SPORTS INDICES PREDICTING SUSTAINABILITY OF SPORTS DEVELOPMENT IN KWARA STATE

Sports Funding, Sports infrastructure, Sports Policy, Sustainable Sports Development Abstract ______________________________________________________ The purpose of this research is to find out that the do sport policy, sports infrastructure and sports funding have any significant relative contribution in predicting sustainable sports development in Kwara State. The research method used is descriptive survey research type. The population in this study consisted of 127 sports coordinators and trainers in Kwara State. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 112 respondents. The data collection instrument used a self-developed questionnaire and validated by three experts. The reliability retest method was adopted whereby 20 copies of the questionnaire were administered to sports managers in the state of Oyo, two times between two weeks interval and the results of the two were correlated using PPMC and 0.77r was obtained. Data analysis used PPMC and multiple linear regression at an alpha level of 0.05. The results of the study illustrate that the sports index (sports policy, sports infrastructure and sports funding) makes a significant contribution to sustainable sports development in Kwara State, Nigeria. The conclusion is that funds, infrastructure, human resources are important elements for the sustainability of sports development.


INTRODUCTION
Sport has become an important aspect of Nigerian culture so that the interest and popularity of sports has influenced the political, social, economic and educational structure of the nation (Mohammed, 2017). Shilbury, et. al. (Ha, Lee, & Ok, 2015) stated that sports development refers to sports participation itself and puts forward the opportunities and benefits of participating. Yazid (Hamafyelto, 2018) states that the development of sports is seen as a gradual increase, and the progress of sports from lower strata to higher levels by paying attention to and paying attention to indices that increase the realization and actualization of sports in every society. Inadequate funding and substandard sports facilities are risk factors related to the organization of the Nigerian sports league (Nwankwo & Ekechukwu, 2017).
Côté & Fraser-Thomas (Bengoechea, Sabiston, & Wilson, 2016) state that sports participation provides the right context for youth development. The success and development of sports are not only seen from a sports macro perspective but also from a micro sports perspective (Blanco, 2016). One of the core tasks of the state legislature related to sport is the regulation and promotion of Sports for All at the local level by subsidizing city and district clubs (Borgers, Vanreusel, Vos, Forsberg, & Scheerder, 2016). Sport has several areas that require higher organizational cognitive processes, this choice is a funding call because cash is needed to achieve predetermined goals (Sani, Danlami, & Bichi, 2018).
One of the main policy objectives of many Ministry of Sports and Government Health in Europe is to increase sports participation in order to improve the health and well-being of citizens (Silva, Monteiro, & Sobreiro, 2020). Downward, et al. (Dallmeyer, Wicker, & Breuer, 2018) state that in Germany, a study documented a significant positive effect for sportsrelated government spending. Sports development as a public policy priority is increasingly marked by growing institutional and government involvement as well as the development of the state apparatus for sport and management (de Bosscher, Shilbury, Theeboom, van Hoecke, & de Knop, 2011) stated that the success of elite sports is seen by the government as a valuable resource because of its flexibility and ability to help achieve various non-sports goals. Elite sports development is characterized by institutional enhancement, government involvement, and homogenization (De Bosscher, Shibli, Westerbeek, & van Bottenburg, 2016).
It is difficult to take into account the role of states and territories in the development of elite sport (De Bosscher, 2016). Countries appear to be investing in sports that have built up successful or culturally important traditions, such as ice skating in the Netherlands, or judo in Japan (De Bosscher, Shibli, & Weber, 2018). With its widespread popularity, sporting events can generate instant traction within a few years, while the government can control the outcome (Dong & Duysters, 2015). Sports organizations must therefore raise funds or acquire assets that are useful for the development of their activities (Esteve, Di Lorenzo, Inglés, & Puig, 2011). There is now widespread recognition of the importance of sport and tourism in the global economy in terms of economic and social contributions and their potential for growth (Fyall & Jago, 2009).
The sporting events industry is growing rapidly around the world with more and more events of all levels being held in increasingly diverse locations (Giampiccoli, Lee, & Nauright, 2015). Schulenkorf & Adair (Hoekman, Schulenkorf, & Welty Peachey, 2019) state that sport is increasingly being used by aid agencies, development agencies and non-governmental organizations as a strategic vehicle for various social, cultural, physical, educational and economic development goals. Sport remains a tool that truly unites individuals from every nation; it unites individuals regardless of their socioeconomic status, educational background, creed and gender. The values inherent in improving the physical, mental, social and psychological well-being of the community in addition to the economic value are obtained from their participation (Hamafyelto, 2018).
With the overarching goal of sports that provide peace, a quality lifestyle, and the impact of sport on the country's economy, sports development faces challenges in the areas of sports policy, sports funding and sports infrastructure essential for sustainable sports.
The aim of this study was to predict the index of sport sustainable in Kwara State. So that in the future there will be alignments with government policies towards sports. Inadequate provisions of require amenities for sports participation is hindering the sustainability of sports in Kwara State. It is on this note this research work was carried out to predict whether ssports funding, sports infrastructure, sports policy will help in sustaining sports development in Kwara State, Nigeria. So that in the future there will be alignments with government policies towards sports.

METHODS
The descriptive research design of survey type was used for this study.

Participants
The population of this study consists of all the 127 sports coordinators and sports coaches in Kwara State, 38 sports coordinators and 65 sports coaches in Kwara state, Nigeria.

Sampling Procedures
Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sports coordinator and coaches while simple random sampling technique was used to select 2 sports directors from each Local Government (32) and 5 coaches from each local government (80) in Kwara state totalling 112 respondents. Therefore, the sample size of one hundred and twelve (112) respondents across Sixteen Local Government in Kwara State, Nigeria, was used for the study.

Materials and Apparatus
A self-developed questionnaire was the instrument for data collection and was validated by three experts. The questionnaire was administered with the help of three trained research assistants. The data collected was analyzed using PPMC and Multiple Linear Regression at .05 alpha level.

Procedures
Test-retest method of reliability was adopted whereby 20 copies of the questionnaire was administered on sports managers in Oyo State, twice between the interval of two weeks and results of the two administered were correlated using PPMC and 0.77r was obtained.

RESULT
Hypothesis 1: There is no significant relationship between Sports indices (sports policy, sports infrastructure and sports funding) and Sustainable Sports Development in Kwara State.

Tables & Figures
Tables and figures should be embedded in the text. Tables should be created in open form with a word processor and cited consecutively in the text. To ensure the highest print quality, your figures must be submitted in TIF format with minimum 300 dpi or higher resolutions. Captions/legends will be placed below figures and adjusted to 8-10 font size.  Table 1 shows the calculated rvalue of 0.58 against the critical p-value of 0.001 with 110 degrees of freedom at 0.05 alpha level since the p-value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 hence the null hypothesis that stated that there is no significant relationship between sports policy and Sustainable sports Development in Ilorin West Local Government Areas of Kwara State is, therefore, rejected which implies sports policy contribute to Sustainable sports Development. P<0.05 Table 2 shows the calculated rvalue of 0.83 against the critical p-value of 0.000 with 110 degrees of freedom at 0.05 alpha level since the p-value of 0.000 is less than 0.05 hence the null hypothesis that stated that there is no significant relationship between sports infrastructure and Sustainable sports Development in Ilorin West Local Government Areas of Kwara State is, therefore, rejected which implies sports infrastructure contribute to Sustainable sports Development.

DISCUSSION
The findings reveal that sports funding makes the highest contribution to sustainable sports development in Kwara State, Nigeria which implies that sports funding plays an inevitable role in sustaining sport development. Inadequate funding and substandard sports facilities are determinants of risk related to the organization of Nigerian sports leagues (Nwankwo & Ekechukwu, 2017). In addition, there is a need to have sports counselors in the field to guide sportsmen and all stakeholders to promote a culture of nurturing and financial intelligence.
Engaging in sports is widely considered to be so beneficial that governments around the world are investing large amounts of public money in its promotion (Collins et al., 2012). Findings also suggest that some countries with diverse approaches (i.e. investing evenly in all seven sports), such as Canada, can be very successful (Weber, De Bosscher, & Kempf, 2018). This may be relevant not only to what and where governments actually spend, but also to the context of the value that accompanies those spending, or more generally penetrate their governance (Wicker & Downward, 2016) (Wicker & Downward, 2016). In an effort to further confirm the attention paid to sport in Nigeria, the federal government of the Nigerian Sports Development Policy document (FRN, 1989) states that the Federal government accepts special responsibility for ensuring adequate levels of funding (Sani et al., 2018). A report that there is an important relationship between the provision of funds and the holding of biennial sports competitions in schools in the Federal Republic of Nigeria (Babatunde & Ige, 2016). The author further explains that funding is also related to the facilities, equipment, and personnel in organizing a prosperous school sports competition in schools in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Mohammed (Nwankwo & Ekechukwu, 2017), states that nearly 90% of sports funding in Nigeria is provided by the government.
The findings show that sports infrastructure makes the second highest contribution to sustainable sports development in the state of Kwara, Nigeria, which implies that sports infrastructure plays an important role in supporting sports development. Adequate sports facilities and infrastructure are important for sports participation, because many sports cannot be carried out without adequate sports facilities (Hallmann, Wicker, Breuer, & Schönherr, 2012). An indication of the extent of financial support for elite sports, which mostly comes from the government is the rapid growth of the sports science industry (Houlihan & Zheng, 2013). A reported that socioeconomic factors at the individual level, the variable level of infrastructure are important predictors of sports participation in various sports (Hallmann et al., 2012). This study also contributes to sports participation by taking the sports infrastructure variable under consideration and by applying an acceptable multi-level analysis to multilevel information. A states that analyzing the latest trends in the design and construction of recreational sports facilities in US schools and making many observations (Bogar, 2008). Functions involving academia, health, fitness, and sports thinking as considered are already regulated in the school's sports facilities. However, in the new trend, unique options such as wall climbing, food service, counseling centers, convenience stores and field police stations are also being integrated into the facility. However, analyzing the development trend of the University's sports facilities is littered with a money crisis.
These findings reveal that sports policy has the least contribution to the sustainable development of sports in the state of Kwara, Nigeria. This means that sports policy plays an important role in supporting the development of sports.
The growth of sports practices that have a real impact on cities makes local political leaders think seriously about their role in urban development (Pujadas, 2012). Lack of funding for sports will inevitably result in the poor physical and mental condition of athletes, a lack of training materials, facilities and infrastructure, outdated and obsolete sports science and technology, and ultimately mediocre and lackluster sport performance.
Shediac-Rizkallah and Bone (Lindsey, 2008) states, project design and implementation factors include the negotiation process underlying the program, program effectiveness, the length of time available for the program to deal with sustainability, available financial capital and training available to develop, resources human. At the micro level, the implementation of sports policy falls to various groups including physical education teachers, sports club volunteers, recreation and health workers, sports supervisors, national sports organizers (Liston, Gregg, & Lowther, 2013). One of the core tasks of sportsrelated state legislatures concerns the regulation and promotion of Sports for All at the local level by subsidizing cities and clubs (Borgers et al., 2016). That hostile political and financial contexts may require significant adaptations and innovations in emerging organizational service models to ensure survival . 'Sports for All policies. By cutting spending that prioritizes statutory services, the concept of progressive localism in public sports and recreational services can become the flow, planning, and democratic public participation without supervision (Reid, 2018). Sports development is an applied discipline. Therefore, an important test of the value of 'sports capital theory' is, its impact on sport development practices and related public policy objectives (Rowe, 2015). The first policy development represents a new direction requiring a change in the approach to sports development and a strengthening of the pathways recognized as the necessary link between the two ends of the participatory continuum -mass participation sports and elite sports (Sotiriadou & Brouwers, 2012).

CONCLUSION
The development of sustainable sports is very dependent on government policies in order to produce a comprehensive sports development. Funds, infrastructure, human resources are important elements for the sustainability of sports development and need more attention from the government.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our thanks go to the local government sport directors, local government Coaches who were willing to help fill out the research questionnaire so that this research can be carried out.