Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani

Physical Fitness Levels Of Female Athletes In The Handball Student Activity Unit (Ukm) At Riau Islamic University

2026-03-04T07:05:45+00:00

Physical condition is a major factor in supporting the performance of handball athletes. This study aims to determine the level of physical condition of female athletes of the Handball UKM of the Islamic University of Riau. The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The sample consisted of 20 athletes with a total sampling technique. The research instruments included arm and shoulder muscle strength tests (hand dynamometer), arm and shoulder muscle endurance tests (push-ups), speed tests (50-meter run), agility tests (shuttle run), and general endurance tests (15-minute run). Data analysis used descriptive statistics in the form of percentages and norm categorization. The results showed that the average level of physical condition of athletes was 5.2 which was in the sufficient category (80%). The dominant component was arm and shoulder muscle endurance (65% in the very good category), while the lowest component was general endurance (75% in the poor category). It was concluded that the physical condition of female athletes of the Handball UKM of the Islamic University of Riau still needs improvement, especially in the aspect of cardiovascular endurance.

Sports Motivation Survey in PSIS Academy U-18 Football Athletes

2026-03-04T07:06:47+00:00

This study aims to identify the level of sports motivation in PSIS Academy U-18 football athletes. Sports motivation is one of the physiological aspects that has an important contribution in maintaining training consistency, increasing readiness to face matches, and supporting athletes' achievements. This study applies a quantitative method with a survey design. The data analysis was carried out using score interpretation criteria, descriptive statistics, and classification of sports motivation levels based on predetermined score intervals, namely very low (18 - 31), low (32 - 45), high (45 - 59), and very high (60 - 72). The results of the analysis showed that the athletes' motivation scores were in the range of 50 - 61 with a mean average value of 54.86, median 55, mode 51, with a standard deviation of 3.44. The results of the classification showed that as many as 21 athletes (95.45%) were in the high motivation category and 1 athlete (4.55%) was in the very high category, and there were no athletes in the low or very low category. The relatively small variation in scores indicates that the athletes' level of sports motivation tends to be homogeneous and stable. Thus, it can be concluded that PSIS Academy U-18 football athletes have a high level of sports motivation, which reflects positive psychological readiness in supporting the training process, training process, and competition.

Aerobic Endurance VO2Max: Evaluation Study of U17 Athletes at Darul Amanah Football Academy

2026-03-04T07:08:14+00:00

Aerobic endurance is a very important component for soccer players, especially for adolescent athletes who are still in the performance development stage. The purpose of this study was to measure the aerobic endurance level of U17 soccer athletes at the Darul Amanah Football Academy in Kendal using VO2max measurements, which is the main indicator of aerobic endurance, showing the body's ability to utilize oxygen to the maximum during physical activity. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design with total sampling of all 30 U17 athletes. The results of the research data collected using the Multistage Fitness Test (MFT) instrument showed that the athletes had a VO2Max value with an average of 52.02 ml/kg/minute, which is a good result. Most athletes were in the good to excellent class, but there were still some in the moderate class. These findings indicate that athletes generally have sufficient aerobic endurance. However, based on the research results, a more focused training program is still needed to improve the fitness of athletes so that they have consistent results.

Investigation of Anxiety Levels Among Male U16 Volleyball Players at VOPAS Semarang

2026-02-23T05:04:31+00:00

This study aims to identify the anxiety levels of male U16 volleyball athletes at VOPAS Semarang. The study used a quantitative descriptive method involving 30 athletes through total sampling. Data collection was conducted using the Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2) instrument, which consists of 15 statement items with a 4-point Likert scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including minimum and maximum values, mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage to describe the general trend of the athletes' anxiety levels. The results showed that the anxiety scores ranged from 15.00 to 46.00, with a mean of 29.70 and a standard deviation of 9.41807. Based on categorization, 60% of athletes were at a moderate level of anxiety, 20% of athletes were in the low category, and 20% of athletes were in the high category. These findings indicate that most athletes experience moderate levels of anxiety with variations in responses between individuals within a team. The results of this study emphasize the importance of managing psychological aspects in the coaching process through the integration of mental training programs to support athletes' psychological readiness and stability in facing training and competition.

Analysis of the Achievements of the Semarang City PSE Athlete ‎Championship Reviewed from the Personality Aspect

2026-02-23T05:01:52+00:00

This study aims to analyze the relationship between personality and achievement of Karate Athletes of the Semarang Gold Program (PSE) of Semarang City. Personality is one of the psychological factors that plays an important role in supporting athletes' achievements. The research method used is quantitative research with a correlational approach. The research subjects consisted of 10 Semarang City PSE karate athletes with an age range of 17-23 years. The research instrument was in the form of a personality questionnaire, namely (SPQ-20) adopted from Cameron with a total of 168 questions and athlete achievement data measured based on the championship achieved. Data analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS 27. The results of the analysis showed that personality and achievement data were distributed normally, There was a very strong and positive relationship between personality and athlete achievement with a coefficient value of 0.976 (p < 0.05). The results of linear regression showed that personality had a significant effect on athletes' achievements with a contribution of 95.3%. Thus, it can be concluded that personality has an important role in improving the achievements of PSE Semarang City karate athletes.

Rafting Athlete Development Management Strategy to Improve Achievement in Jambi City

2026-02-20T08:28:54+00:00

This study was motivated by fluctuations in the performance of Jambi City's whitewater rafting athletes and limitations in facilities and funding that could potentially hinder the sustainability of the coaching programme. Despite achieving success at provincial and national championships, the coaching system still faces challenges in the form of dependence on grant funding, limited training facilities, and the need for more structured management. This study aims to analyse the management strategies for training whitewater rafting athletes to improve their performance in Jambi City using a qualitative approach based on the Input–Process–Output (IPO) model. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with four informants who are competent in their fields, namely the General Secretary, the Performance Development Division (Binpres), coaches, and athletes. Data analysis was conducted with the help of NVivo through thematic coding and source triangulation to ensure the credibility of the findings. The results of the study show that the input aspect is supported by local government policies, KONI grant funding, human resources, and the utilisation of available facilities, although these are still limited. In terms of process, coaching was carried out through annual training plans, gradual physical and technical training, coach motivation, and periodic evaluations. In terms of output, there was an increase in performance, motivation, and athlete regeneration. These findings emphasise the importance of policy synergy, systematic management, and continuous support.

Leadership Support for Training Environment in Extracurricular Sports Activities: Analysis in Junior High Schools - Indonesia

2026-02-20T08:25:33+00:00

Although the coaching climate or leadership within the principal is very important, there is limited evidence in the junior high school context, especially in Indonesian studies, which examine the direct relationship between leadership support and training environment in extracurricular sports activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between leadership support and training environment in extracurricular sports activities in junior high schools in Indonesia. This study used a descriptive quantitative design with a purposive sampling technique. The sample consisted of 133 students (aged 12–14 years) actively participating in extracurricular sports: 43 students from Brebes Regency, 47 students from Tasikmalaya City, and 43 students from Mataram City. The leadership support instrument was adapted from the Leadership for Sport Scale (LSS), while the training environment was adapted from the Student Athlete Training Environment Scale. Data analysis was performed using Spearman's rank correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare scores across regions. The results showed a strong and significant positive relationship between leadership support and the training environment (ρ = 0.715; sig. = 0.009). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference in leadership support scores (sig. = 0.460) and the training environment (sig. = 0.255) based on region. In conclusion, improving the quality of the extracurricular coaching environment in junior high schools can be prioritized by strengthening supportive leadership practices among coaches. Future research could increase the sample size, include more specific sports, include mediator variables, and expand the research model to include psychological factors, coach competence, organizational culture, or motivational climate.

Development Of Engineering Skills Training Model Passingin Futsal Games For Students Pjkr Class Of 2024 Tadulako University

2026-02-10T03:24:10+00:00

This study aims to develop a passing technique skill training model in futsal games for students of the Physical Education, Health, and Recreation (PJKR) Study Program, Class of 2024, Tadulako University, Palu City, using the Borg and Gall Research and Development (R&D) method consisting of ten stages. The research subjects were 30 students selected through purposive sampling techniques, with data collection carried out through questionnaires, expert validation sheets, and small group and large group trials. The validation results showed that two futsal experts gave a feasibility percentage of 72% with the category "used", while learning experts gave a percentage of 83% with the category "very suitable for use", and the results of small group and large group trials each obtained a percentage of 76% with the category "used". The results of the study indicate that the developed training model has a good level of validity, practicality, and usefulness in improving students' understanding, interest, and passing technique skills in futsal games, although some training variations still need to be refined, especially in terms of the level of difficulty and movement variations, so that further improvements are recommended to improve the quality of the training model as a whole.

The Effect Of Ladder Drill Training With Zig-Zag Run On Increasing The Agility Of Futsal Players

2026-02-10T03:29:53+00:00

Agility is one of the essential physical components required in futsal because the game demands rapid movements, quick direction changes, and high coordination. However, observations of futsal players at Bala Keselamatan Palu Christian Junior High School indicated that many players still exhibited low agility during gameplay. Therefore, an appropriate training model is needed to improve players’ agility performance. This study aimed to determine the effect of ladder drill training combined with zig-zag run exercises on improving the agility of futsal players. The research employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a pretest–posttest design. The population consisted of all futsal players of Bala Keselamatan Palu Christian Junior High School, totaling 20 participants, and all were selected as the research sample using total sampling. The agility level of players was measured using the T-Drill Agility Test. The training program was conducted for 16 meetings with structured sessions consisting of warm-up, core training, and cool-down. Data analysis was carried out using a t-test to compare pretest and posttest results. The findings revealed a significant improvement in agility after the implementation of ladder drill and zig-zag run training. The total agility time decreased from 397.67 seconds in the pretest to 353.24 seconds in the posttest, indicating an improvement of approximately 11%. The statistical test showed that tcount (8.862) was greater than ttable (2.093) at a significance level of 5% with a degree of freedom of 19. These results indicate that ladder drill combined with zig-zag run training has a significant effect on improving the agility of futsal players. Thus, the training method can be recommended as an effective program to enhance agility performance in futsal athletes.

Implementation of Game Modifications to Improve Basketball Learning Outcomes at Junior High School 1 Pakis Malang

2026-02-10T03:25:26+00:00

This study aims to examine and evaluate the impact of modifying basketball games in physical education learning on improving basketball learning outcomes for class 7D students at Junior High School 1 Pakis. This study used an action research method that took place in two cycles: Cycle I on April 14, 2025, and Cycle II on April 21, 2025. Cycle I was implemented in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The results of Cycle I showed that the average dribbling and passing skill scores were 70.2 and 68.9, respectively, with 21 students achieving the KKM and 9 students not yet completing it. In Cycle II, there was an increase with an average dribbling score of 72.7 and passing of 73.8. This shows a significant increase. The results of the study showed an increase in passing and dribbling skills in basketball, with an average initial observation score of 57.2, increasing to 69.6 in Cycle I, and 73.3 in Cycle II. This proves that the modification of the basketball game is effective in improving student learning outcomes.

The Effectiveness of the SOS FIT Challenge Game in Improving Basic Motor Skills of Elementary School Students

2026-02-10T03:26:35+00:00

Physical education learning in elementary schools requires innovative approaches that encourage students to be physically active while maintaining meaningful learning experiences. Basic motor skills play a fundamental role in children’s physical development; however, these skills often receive insufficient stimulation in conventional learning practices. Therefore, game-based learning models that integrate structured physical activities are needed. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the SOS Fit Challenge game in improving basic motor skills of elementary school students. The research focused on implementing a strategy-based game combined with physical challenges in physical education learning. A quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest design was employed. The population consisted of all fourth- and fifth-grade students of Ngampal State Elementary School 1 Sumberejo in the 2025/2026 academic year. A total of 20 students were selected as the sample using total sampling techniques. The research instrument was a basic motor skills test administered before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and a paired samples t-test with the assistance of IBM SPSS software. The results indicated a significant improvement in students’ basic motor skills after the implementation of the SOS Fit Challenge, as evidenced by a statistically significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.001). SOS Fit Challenge game is recommended as an effective game-based learning model for physical education in elementary schools.

The Effect of TGT and TGfU Learning Models on Improving Short Distance Running Psychomotor Learning Outcomes

2026-02-10T03:16:32+00:00

This study aims to determine the effect of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) and Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) learning models on improving short-distance running psychomotor learning outcomes in class VIII students of SMP Negeri 7 Semarang. The study used a quantitative approach with an experimental method through a Two Group Pretest–Posttest Design. The research sample consisted of 63 students divided into two groups, namely class VIII A who were given the TGT learning model treatment and class VIII B who were given the TGfU learning model treatment. The research instrument was a short-distance running skills test that assessed aspects of the initial attitude (start), implementation, and final attitude (finish). Data analysis was carried out using normality tests, homogeneity tests, and t-tests. The results of the study showed that both learning models had a significant effect on improving psychomotor learning outcomes in short-distance running. The TGT learning model experienced an average increase of 22.3%, while the TGfU learning model experienced an increase of 21.7%. The t-test results showed a significance value of p < 0.05, which indicated that there were differences in learning outcomes before and after treatment in each learning model. Based on the percentage increase and the results of statistical tests, the TGT learning model was declared more effective than TGfU in improving psychomotor learning outcomes in short-distance running. Thus, both learning models can be used as alternatives for PJOK learning, with the TGT model being more recommended for improving students' psychomotor skills in short-distance running material.

Comparison of Physical Fitness Levels of Elementary School Students in Urban and Rural Areas of Buleleng Regency

2026-02-10T03:17:31+00:00

This study aimed to compare the physical fitness levels of elementary school students living in urban and rural areas of Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. The study employed a quantitative comparative cross-sectional design involving 60 elementary school students aged 10–12 years, consisting of 30 students from urban schools in Singaraja City and 30 students from rural schools located in peripheral districts of Buleleng Regency. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on age, health status, and school location. Physical fitness was measured using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test from the FITNESSGRAM assessment, and the results were converted into estimated VO₂max values. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test with a significance level of p < .05. The results revealed significant differences in physical fitness between the two groups. Rural students achieved higher PACER scores (34.27 ± 6.18 laps) compared to urban students (27.64 ± 5.92 laps). Similarly, estimated VO₂max values were higher among rural students (47.12 ± 3.84 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) than urban students (43.06 ± 3.51 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹). Inferential analysis confirmed that these differences were statistically significant (p < .001) with a moderate to large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.78). In conclusion, elementary school students living in rural areas of Buleleng Regency demonstrate significantly higher levels of physical fitness compared to their urban counterparts. These findings highlight the influence of environmental factors on children’s cardiorespiratory fitness and emphasize the importance of strengthening physical education and school-based physical activity programs, particularly in urban environments.

Juridical Analysis of Foreign Player Quota Arrangements in BRI Super League Indonesia: The Paradox of Young Player Development

2026-02-10T03:08:17+00:00

This study aims to analyze the impact of the regulation of quota of 11 foreign players in the BRI Super League Indonesia season 2025-2026 and its impact on the opportunity to play young players. And whether there is a contradiction between the goal of improving the quality of the competition and efforts to develop young players. This normative study uses an official document analysis method which includes Law Number 11 of 2022 concerning Sports, PSSI regulations, and I-League regulations as competition operators, with a focus on the study on the suitability of regulations with practices on the Indonesian football field. The results and conclusions of the study stated that this regulation does not violate the principle of providing playing opportunities for young Indonesian players. This regulation further strengthens their position through strict regulations, tiered competitions, and competitions between early ages that continue to be consistently implemented. This policy supports the sustainable development of national football in preparing for consistent player regeneration at the professional level, as well as improving the quality of the Indonesian League in the international arena.

Development Of Ball Control Exercises Using Feet In Teqball Games For Pjkr Students

2025-12-19T06:35:25+00:00

This study aims to develop variations of ball control exercises using the feet in teqball games for PJKR students. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with Borg & Gall stages that include needs analysis, product development, expert validation, and small group and large group trials. Validation was carried out by a learning expert and two teqball experts, with results of 65%, 77%, and 71%, respectively, indicating that the product is considered feasible with revisions. The small group trial involving 15 students resulted in a feasibility percentage of 78.86%, so the training model was declared effective and can be used. However, the large group trial with 20 students showed a percentage of 58.46%, indicating that some training variations need to be improved to be suitable for groups with a larger number of participants and more diverse abilities. Overall, the results of the study indicate that the training model has strong potential to improve ball control skills, but requires refinement in several forms of training to be optimally applied in teqball learning.

The effect of high-intensity interval training on triglyceride levels in obese adolescents

2025-12-17T02:31:28+00:00

This study aims to analyze the effect of HIIT training on triglyceride levels in obese adolescents. This study used an experimental method with a pretest–posttest control group design. A total of 32 adolescents with type I obesity (BMI >31–38 kg/m²) were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent HIIT training with a ratio of 10 seconds of work and 20 seconds of rest for six weeks with a frequency of three times per week, while the control group did not receive structured training. Blood triglyceride levels were measured using the SD BIOSENSOR LipidoCare Analyzer before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using paired sample t-tests and independent sample t-tests with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that HIIT significantly reduced triglyceride levels from 351.1±6.9 mg/dL to 140.1±2.2 mg/dL (p<0.001). In addition, body mass index also decreased significantly from 34.3±0.4 kg/m² to 30.5±0.15 kg/m² (p=0.012). The greater decrease in triglycerides compared to BMI indicates that metabolic improvement can occur more quickly than anthropometric changes. It is concluded that HIIT exercise is effective in lowering triglyceride levels and improving metabolic health in obese adolescents. HIIT can be recommended as an efficient and applicable exercise strategy in efforts to prevent cardiometabolic risks from adolescence.

Effect Traditional Games Motor Skills Autism Children

2026-02-10T03:20:44+00:00

Autistic children have failures in reasoning or what is called systematic reasoning and have abnormalities in the cerebellum which functions to control motor activity and regulate attention and sensing. Almost all problems in all autistic children have disorders in controlling fine motor skills and gross motor skills, this is characterized by difficulty in carrying out activities by holding, holding or pressing, grasping, and pinching an object. This study aims to determine the effect of traditional games on motor skills in autistic children in Indonesia. The method in this study uses a pretest-posttest experimental design, this experimental study was conducted in groups with a control or comparison group. The sample in this study consisted of 8 autistic children with moderate categories who were in SLB, with the research instruments used in the pretest and posttest were TGMD consisting of horizontal jumps, jumps, and running/gliding, data analysis used independent sample t-test. The results of this study show the effect of traditional games on motor skills in autistic children with a Sig value (2-tailed) of 0.050. Traditional games serve as a medium for facilitating basic motor skills, which play a role in helping autistic children develop various basic motor skills. It is recommended that future research include several traditional game activities, in addition to jump rope and pole vault, to broaden the range of options and new approaches in this study.

Development Of Basic Attacking Technique Training Using The Feet In Teqball Games For Pjkr Students Of The Class Of 2025

2025-12-19T06:36:20+00:00

This study aims to develop a basic attack technique training model using the feet in Teqball for Physical education, health, and recreation (PJKR) students at Tadulako University. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with reference to the ten steps of Borg and Gall, including needs analysis, planning, initial product development, expert validation, revision, and phase I and II trials. The research subjects consisted of 15 students in the small group trial and 20 students in the large group trial, with the instrument being a rating scale questionnaire. The results of the phase I trial showed that several training models had met the feasibility criteria with a percentage range of 60%–77%, but several models needed to be revised because they were below 50%. After the revision, the phase II trial showed a significant improvement, where most models were in the “used” category with a percentage of 67%–98%. Validation by Teqball experts and learning experts also showed a high level of feasibility with a percentage of 67%–73%. Overall, the development of ten training models—ranging from two-touch attacks to reflex kicks—proved to be feasible and could be used as a learning and training tool to improve foot-attacking skills in Teqball.

Changes in PJOK Teaching Practices in Elementary Schools through Video Media: A Learning Experience Study

2026-02-10T03:47:30+00:00

This study aims to explore the contribution of video media to changes in teaching practices in Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) at the elementary school level. The research employed a qualitative approach with a learning experience study design involving PJOK teachers from several elementary schools as participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, classroom observations during the teaching process, and analysis of teachers’ reflective experiences regarding the use of video media in learning. The findings indicate that the use of video media significantly improves the quality of instructional delivery, particularly in demonstrating basic motor skills that are often difficult to explain through verbal instruction alone. Video allows students to observe movements more clearly, repeat demonstrations as needed, and engage in more independent learning. From the teachers’ perspective, the integration of video media encourages more systematic, creative, and well-structured lesson planning, while also facilitating the adaptation of teaching strategies to students’ characteristics and learning needs. However, several challenges were identified, including limited technological facilities in schools, variations in teachers’ digital competencies, and additional time required to prepare appropriate video materials. In conclusion, video media plays an important role in transforming PJOK teaching practices at the elementary school level by supporting more effective, engaging, and innovative learning, and it provides opportunities for the development of more comprehensive technology-based PJOK learning models in the future.

Teacher Strategies in Physical Education for Fostering Student Responsibility in Middle school : A Literature Review

2026-02-10T03:53:56+00:00

Responsibility is an essential character attribute expected to develop through Physical Education (PE), yet its implementation in junior secondary schools remains limited. This literature review aims to identify effective teacher strategies for fostering students’ personal and social responsibility by synthesizing findings from recent empirical studies. Articles were retrieved from Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ERIC, PubMed, Google Scholar, and national repositories using the keywords physical education, teacher strategies, responsibility, TPSR, and middle school students. From 100 identified articles, 12 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The review reveals that the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model is the most consistently effective approach for enhancing responsibility through relational engagement, leadership opportunities, and structured value reflection. Autonomy-supportive teaching also plays a significant role by strengthening students’ intrinsic motivation and self-regulation. Additionally, humanistic pedagogical approaches such as Assessment for Learning and asset-based learning contribute to the development of empathy, self-reflection, and active participation. Overall, this review highlights the importance of holistic, participatory, and value-oriented instructional strategies in cultivating responsibility among junior secondary PE students and recommends integrating TPSR with humanistic approaches as practical implications while outlining opportunities for future research in the Indonesian context.

Digital Competence and AI-TPACK of Lecturers: Implications for the Professional Development of Sports Education Lecturers

2025-12-14T02:12:12+00:00

Evaluating lecturers competence in Artificial Intelligence, Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (AI-TPACK) and identifying key influencing factors are critical steps toward ensuring effective AI integration. Purpose: This study aims to explore the predictive effect of digital competence on AI-TPACK among sports education lecturers in Indonesia. Materials and methods: A correlational survey design was employed, involving 105 lecturers from Physical Education, Health, and Recreation programs (PJKR) across five teacher education institutions in West Java. Data were collected using two structured scales: AI-TPACK and digital competence. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to analyze the relationships between variables. Results: The analysis revealed that while lecturers demonstrated above-average digital competence, their AI-TPACK competence remained below average. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.533) was found between digital competence and AI-TPACK, with digital competence emerging as a primary predictor. These findings suggest that lecturers who are more digitally competent are also more capable of integrating AI into their pedagogical practice. Conclusions: Strengthening digital competence can be a strategic foundation for building AI-related pedagogical skills. Future training programs should integrate both technical and pedagogical components of AI, tailored to the teaching context of physical education lecturers in higher education.

The Relationship Between Arm Muscle Strength, Back Muscle Strength, Leg Muscle Strength, And Hand-Eye Coordination With The Overhead Volleyball Serving Ability Of Male Junior High School Students

2025-12-11T03:58:54+00:00

In performing a volleyball serve, arm muscle strength, back muscle strength, leg muscle strength, and hand–eye coordination make a fairly dominant contribution. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength, back muscle strength, leg muscle strength, and hand–eye coordination with the overhand serving ability of male students at junior high school 12 bengkulu city. this research is correlational and uses a survey method with test and measurement instruments. the subjects of the study were 16 male students of junior high school 12 bengkulu city. the data analysis technique used regression analysis at a 5% significance level. based on the results of the study, the first hypothesis test obtained a calculated r value of 0.770 > r table (0.05)(15) = 0.412. the second hypothesis test obtained a calculated r value of 0.698 > r table (0.05)(15) = 0.412. the third hypothesis test obtained a calculated r value of 0.784 > r table (0.05)(15) = 0.412. the fourth hypothesis test obtained a calculated r value of 0.809 > r table (0.05)(15) = 0.412. the fifth hypothesis test obtained a calculated f value of 17.443 > f table (3.36). it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength, back muscle strength, leg muscle strength, and hand–eye coordination with the overhand volleyball serving ability of male students at junior high school 12 bengkulu city.

Enhancing Creativity and Life Skills Through Project-Based Learning Models in Floor Gymnastics Instruction.

2025-11-26T02:08:10+00:00

This study began with an analysis of the results and evaluation of gymnastics learning in the Physical Education study program. Lecturers had difficulty analyzing the impact of gymnastics learning on students' life skills and creativity because they had been using instruction-based learning that emphasized technique and knowledge alone, which tended to make students passive, thereby inhibiting the development of creativity and life skills values. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the PjBL model on students' creativity and life skills and to determine the extent of improvement in creativity and life skills through the PjBL model. The research method used a quasi-experiment with a descriptive quantitative approach. The research design was a pretest-posttest control group design. The population consisted of all JPOK FKIP ULM students. Sampling used purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 80 students who took the basic gymnastics learning course. Sampling was done using purposive sampling. The research instruments used were the LSSS questionnaire for life skills and the TTCT for creativity. The results showed a significant effect of the PjBL learning model on life skills (P = 0.00 < 0.05) and creativity (P = 0.03 < 0.05). The PjBL learning model can improve students' life skills, with the problem-solving and decision-making component increasing the most (80.51%), followed by the creativity component, namely flexible thinking, which increased by 77.25%. These results will serve as a reference for future learning to use a student-centered learning model so that floor gymnastics learning becomes more meaningfu

Literature Review: Integrating Leadership Values Through Physical Education Learning in Senior High School Students

2025-11-26T01:53:02+00:00

This study aims to examine how leadership values are integrated into Physical Education (PE) for senior high school students and to identify effective pedagogical approaches that support leadership development. Using the PRISMA 2020 framework, a systematic literature review was conducted across Google Scholar, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and Indonesian databases such as SINTA and GARUDA, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published between 2020 and 2025. A total of 35 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed using a structured extraction matrix. The findings indicate that leadership development in PJOK is most effectively facilitated through the Sport Education Model, cooperative learning, game-based learning, project-based learning, outdoor education, and service learning, all of which provide authentic leadership experiences through structured roles, collaborative tasks, and reflective activities. The reviewed studies consistently reported improvements in responsibility, communication, teamwork, decision-making, and student confidence, although challenges related to teacher preparedness, instructional consistency, and school resources were evident, particularly within Indonesian contexts. Overall, the review concludes that PJOK offers a meaningful platform for fostering leadership among adolescents when supported by intentional, well-designed, and reflective pedagogical practices, underscoring the need for strengthened teacher capacity and the adoption of evidence-based instructional models.

The Development of a Short-Distance Running Learning Model Based on Colorful Balls Run Games for Phase C Students

2025-11-27T02:57:55+00:00

This study aims to develop a short-distance running learning model based on colorful balls run games for phase C students at elementary school 106 Bengkulu City. This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) employing the ADDIE development model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The method used is descriptive qualitative. The research population consisted of phase C students at elementary school 106 Bengkulu City, with the sampling technique using total sampling. The research instruments included observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Based on the validation results, material experts obtained a score of 92% and media experts obtained 88%, both categorized as "very feasible." The small group trial involving 10 students resulted in an average percentage of 79%, categorized as "feasible," while the large group trial involving 40 students achieved an average percentage of 91%, categorized as "very feasible." Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the short-distance running learning model based on colorful balls run games is feasible to be used as a learning model for phase C students at elementary school 106 Bengkulu City.