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References
- Anggoro DD, Kristina N. 2015. Combination of natural fiber Boehmeria nivea (Ramie) with matrix epoxide for buller proof vest body armor. International Conference of Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) [Internet]. hlm 1-9; [diunduh 2018 Juni 20]. Tersedia pada: doi:10.1063/1.4938317.
- Astika, Lokantara P, Karohika G. 2013. Sifat Mekanis Komposit Polyester dengan Penguat Serat Sabut Kelapa. Jurnal Energi dan Manufaktur. 6(2):115-122.
- Azhari R. 2017. Analisa komposit multi Reinforcement sebagai material alternatif rompi anti peluru dalam menahan energi impact proyektil[tesis]. Surabaya (ID): Institut Sepuluh November.
- Bodur MS, Bakkal M, Sonmez HE. 2016. The effects of different chemical treatment methods on the mechanical and thermal properties of textile fiber reinforced polymer composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 0(0):1-14.
- [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik (ID). 2016. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. [Internet]. [diunduh 2018 Mar 2018]; Tersedia pada: www.bps.go.id.
- Carr D, Lewis EA. 2014. Ballistic-protective clothing and body armour. Protective Clothing. 146-170.doi:10.1533/9781782420408.1.1.146.
- Chand N, Tiwary RK, Rohatgi PK. 1988. Bibliography resource structure properties of natural cellulosic fibres an annotated bibliography. Journal of Materials Science. 23(2):381-387.doi:10.1007/bf01174659.
- Dewanti DP. 2018. Potensi selulosa dari limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk bahan baku plastik ramah lingkungan. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 19(1):81-84.
- [Ditjetbun] Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan. 2016. Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia : Kelapa Sawit. [Internet]. [diunduh 2018 Mar 2018]; Tersedia pada: www.ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id.
- Eriningsih R, Mutia T, Judawisastra H. 2011. Komposit sunvisor tahan api dari bahan baku serat nenas. Jurnal Riset Industri. 5(2):191-203.
- Erwinsyah, Afriani A, Kardiansyah T. 2015. Potensi dan peluang tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas: studi kasus di Indonesia. Jurnal Selulosa. 5(2):79-88.doi:10.25269/jsel.v5i02.79.
- Etikaningrum, Hermianto J, Iriani ES, Syarief R, Permana AW. Pengaruh penambahan berbagai modifikasi serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit pada sifat fungsional biodegradable foam. Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian. 13(3):146-155.
- Fahmi H, Hermansyah H. 2011. Pengaruh orientasi serat pada komposit resin polyester/serat daun nenas terhadap kekuatan tarik. Jurnal Teknik Mesin. 1(1):46-52.
- Fatriasari W, Masruchin N, Hermiati E. 2019. Selulosa:karakteristik dan pemanfaatannya. Jakarta (ID): LIPI Press.
- Gaol MRLL, Sitorus R, Yanthi, Surya I, Manurung R. 2013. Pembuatan selulosa asetat dari alfa selulosa tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknik Kimia. 2(3):33-39.
- Gea S, Zulfahmi Z, Yunus D, Andriayani A, Hutapea YA. 2018. Isolation of nanofibre cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch via steam explosion and hydrolysis with hcl 10%. Journal of Physics. 979(2018):1-9.doi:10.1088/1742-6596/979/1/012063
- Hassan A, Salema AA, Ani FN, Bakar AA. 2010. A Review on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials. Polym. Comp: 2079-2101.
- Hendra D, Pari G. 1999. Pembuatan arang aktif dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan. 17(2):113-122.
- Husin AA, Setiadji R. 2008. Pengaruh penambahan foam agent terhadap kualitas bata beton. Jurnal Pemukiman. 3(3):196-207.
- Karlsson H. 2006. Fibre guide:fibre analysis and process applications in the pulp and paper industry. Swedia. AB Lorentzen & Wettre.
- Li X, Lope, Tanil, Panigrahi. 2007. Chemical treatment of natural fiber for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites: a review. Jurnal Poymer Environment. 15(1):25-33.doi:10.1007/s10924-0042-3.
- Lumintang RCA, Soenoko R, Wahyudi S. 2011. Komposit Hibrid Polyester berpenguat serbuk batang dan serat sabut kelapa. Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin. 2(2):145-153.
- Mallick P. 2007. Fiber-reinforced Composites : Materials, Manufacturing, and Design 3rd ed. CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group.
- Mood SH, Golfeshan AH, Tabatabaei M, Jouzani GS, Najaf GH, Gholami M, Ardjmand M. 2013. Lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol, a comprehensive review with a focus on pretreatment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 27(2013):77-93. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.033.
- Octavia S, Soerawidjaja TH, Purwadi R, Putrawan IDGA. 2011. Review: Pengolahan awal lignoselulosa menggunakan amoniak untuk meningkatkan perolehan gula fermentasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan Pengembangan Teknologi Kimia untuk Pengolahan Sumber Daya Alam Indonesia. [Internet]. [22 Februari 2011 Yogyakarta] Yogyakarta (ID): hlm B13-1-B13-6; [diunduh 2020 Jan 18].
- Oushabi A, Sair S, Hassani F Oudrhiri, Abboud Y, Tanane O, Bouari A El. The effect of alkali treatment on mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of date palm fiber (DPFs):Studi of the interface of DPF-Polyurethane composite. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 23:116-123.
- Pulungan MA. 2017. Analisis kemampuan rompi anti peluru yang terbuat dari komposit HGM-epoxy dan serat karbon dalam menyerap energi akibat impact peluru [tesis]. Surabaya (ID): Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.
- Rivai M, Hambali E, Suryani A, Fitria R, Firmansyah S, Prades J. 2017. Synthesis of palm oil fatty acid as foaming agent for firefighting application. International Conference on Biomass: Technology, Application, and Sustainable Development. 65:1-12.doi:10.1088/1755-1315/65/1/012047.
- Saheb DN, Jog JP. 1999. Natural Fiber Polymer Composites : A Review. Adv.Polym. Technol. 18(4): 351–363.
- Shahinur S, Hasan M, Ahsan Q, Saha DK, Islam MS. Characterization on the properties of jute fiber at different portions. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2015:1-7.
- Siburian RAF, Simbolon TR, Sebayang KS, Simanjuntak C, Marpaung H, Wirjosentono B, Tamrin, Supeno M. 2017. Polimer Ilmu Material. Medan (ID): Usu Press.
- Siregar AH, Setyawan BA, Marasabessy A. 2016. Komposit fiber reinforced plastic sebagai material bodi kapal berbasis fiberglass tahan api. Bina Teknika. 12(2):261-266.
- Sjostrom E. 1998. Kimia Kayu: Dasar-dasar dan Penggunaannya. Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press.
- Sudiyani Y, Styarini D, Triwahyuni E, Sudiyarmanto, Sembiring KC, Aristiawan Y, Abimanyi H, Han MH. 2013. Utilization of biomass waste empty fruit bunch fiber of palm oil for bioethanol production using plot-scale unit. International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application. 32:31-38.doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.005.
- Suryadi GS. Kajian mikrostruktur, sifat termal, mekanik, dan permukaan biokomposit berpenguat tandan kosong kelapa sawit[tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
- Syukri. 1999. Kimia Dasar. Bandung (ID): Penerbit ITB.
- Trodec LM, Sedan D, Peyratout C, Bonnet JP, Smith A, Guinebretiere R, Gloaguen V, Krausz P. 2007. Influence of various chemical treatments on the composition and structure of hemp fibres. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 39(2008):514-522.doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.12.001.
- Widodo B. 2008. Analisa sifat mekanik komposit epoksi dengan penguat serat pohon aren (ijuk) model lamina berorientasi sudut acak (random). Jurnal Teknologi Technoscientia. 1(1):1-5.
- Yunos NSHM, Baharuddin AS, Yunos KFM, Hafid HS, Busu Z, Mochtar MN, Sulaiman S, Som AM. 2015. The Physicochemical Characteristics of Residual Oil and Fibers from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches. Bio-Resource. 10(1):14-29.
- Zhao WJ, Hu QX, Zhang NN, Wei YC, Zhao Q, Zhang YM, Dong JB, Sun ZY, Liu BJ, Lid L, Hu W. 2017. In situ inorganic flame retardant modified hemp and its polypropylene composites. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 7: 32236–32245.
References
Anggoro DD, Kristina N. 2015. Combination of natural fiber Boehmeria nivea (Ramie) with matrix epoxide for buller proof vest body armor. International Conference of Chemical and Material Engineering (ICCME) [Internet]. hlm 1-9; [diunduh 2018 Juni 20]. Tersedia pada: doi:10.1063/1.4938317.
Astika, Lokantara P, Karohika G. 2013. Sifat Mekanis Komposit Polyester dengan Penguat Serat Sabut Kelapa. Jurnal Energi dan Manufaktur. 6(2):115-122.
Azhari R. 2017. Analisa komposit multi Reinforcement sebagai material alternatif rompi anti peluru dalam menahan energi impact proyektil[tesis]. Surabaya (ID): Institut Sepuluh November.
Bodur MS, Bakkal M, Sonmez HE. 2016. The effects of different chemical treatment methods on the mechanical and thermal properties of textile fiber reinforced polymer composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 0(0):1-14.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik (ID). 2016. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia. [Internet]. [diunduh 2018 Mar 2018]; Tersedia pada: www.bps.go.id.
Carr D, Lewis EA. 2014. Ballistic-protective clothing and body armour. Protective Clothing. 146-170.doi:10.1533/9781782420408.1.1.146.
Chand N, Tiwary RK, Rohatgi PK. 1988. Bibliography resource structure properties of natural cellulosic fibres an annotated bibliography. Journal of Materials Science. 23(2):381-387.doi:10.1007/bf01174659.
Dewanti DP. 2018. Potensi selulosa dari limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit untuk bahan baku plastik ramah lingkungan. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan. 19(1):81-84.
[Ditjetbun] Direktorat Jendral Perkebunan. 2016. Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia : Kelapa Sawit. [Internet]. [diunduh 2018 Mar 2018]; Tersedia pada: www.ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id.
Eriningsih R, Mutia T, Judawisastra H. 2011. Komposit sunvisor tahan api dari bahan baku serat nenas. Jurnal Riset Industri. 5(2):191-203.
Erwinsyah, Afriani A, Kardiansyah T. 2015. Potensi dan peluang tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas: studi kasus di Indonesia. Jurnal Selulosa. 5(2):79-88.doi:10.25269/jsel.v5i02.79.
Etikaningrum, Hermianto J, Iriani ES, Syarief R, Permana AW. Pengaruh penambahan berbagai modifikasi serat tandan kosong kelapa sawit pada sifat fungsional biodegradable foam. Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian. 13(3):146-155.
Fahmi H, Hermansyah H. 2011. Pengaruh orientasi serat pada komposit resin polyester/serat daun nenas terhadap kekuatan tarik. Jurnal Teknik Mesin. 1(1):46-52.
Fatriasari W, Masruchin N, Hermiati E. 2019. Selulosa:karakteristik dan pemanfaatannya. Jakarta (ID): LIPI Press.
Gaol MRLL, Sitorus R, Yanthi, Surya I, Manurung R. 2013. Pembuatan selulosa asetat dari alfa selulosa tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Jurnal Teknik Kimia. 2(3):33-39.
Gea S, Zulfahmi Z, Yunus D, Andriayani A, Hutapea YA. 2018. Isolation of nanofibre cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch via steam explosion and hydrolysis with hcl 10%. Journal of Physics. 979(2018):1-9.doi:10.1088/1742-6596/979/1/012063
Hassan A, Salema AA, Ani FN, Bakar AA. 2010. A Review on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Materials. Polym. Comp: 2079-2101.
Hendra D, Pari G. 1999. Pembuatan arang aktif dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan. 17(2):113-122.
Husin AA, Setiadji R. 2008. Pengaruh penambahan foam agent terhadap kualitas bata beton. Jurnal Pemukiman. 3(3):196-207.
Karlsson H. 2006. Fibre guide:fibre analysis and process applications in the pulp and paper industry. Swedia. AB Lorentzen & Wettre.
Li X, Lope, Tanil, Panigrahi. 2007. Chemical treatment of natural fiber for use in natural fiber-reinforced composites: a review. Jurnal Poymer Environment. 15(1):25-33.doi:10.1007/s10924-0042-3.
Lumintang RCA, Soenoko R, Wahyudi S. 2011. Komposit Hibrid Polyester berpenguat serbuk batang dan serat sabut kelapa. Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin. 2(2):145-153.
Mallick P. 2007. Fiber-reinforced Composites : Materials, Manufacturing, and Design 3rd ed. CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group.
Mood SH, Golfeshan AH, Tabatabaei M, Jouzani GS, Najaf GH, Gholami M, Ardjmand M. 2013. Lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol, a comprehensive review with a focus on pretreatment. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 27(2013):77-93. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.033.
Octavia S, Soerawidjaja TH, Purwadi R, Putrawan IDGA. 2011. Review: Pengolahan awal lignoselulosa menggunakan amoniak untuk meningkatkan perolehan gula fermentasi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan Pengembangan Teknologi Kimia untuk Pengolahan Sumber Daya Alam Indonesia. [Internet]. [22 Februari 2011 Yogyakarta] Yogyakarta (ID): hlm B13-1-B13-6; [diunduh 2020 Jan 18].
Oushabi A, Sair S, Hassani F Oudrhiri, Abboud Y, Tanane O, Bouari A El. The effect of alkali treatment on mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of date palm fiber (DPFs):Studi of the interface of DPF-Polyurethane composite. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 23:116-123.
Pulungan MA. 2017. Analisis kemampuan rompi anti peluru yang terbuat dari komposit HGM-epoxy dan serat karbon dalam menyerap energi akibat impact peluru [tesis]. Surabaya (ID): Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.
Rivai M, Hambali E, Suryani A, Fitria R, Firmansyah S, Prades J. 2017. Synthesis of palm oil fatty acid as foaming agent for firefighting application. International Conference on Biomass: Technology, Application, and Sustainable Development. 65:1-12.doi:10.1088/1755-1315/65/1/012047.
Saheb DN, Jog JP. 1999. Natural Fiber Polymer Composites : A Review. Adv.Polym. Technol. 18(4): 351–363.
Shahinur S, Hasan M, Ahsan Q, Saha DK, Islam MS. Characterization on the properties of jute fiber at different portions. International Journal of Polymer Science. 2015:1-7.
Siburian RAF, Simbolon TR, Sebayang KS, Simanjuntak C, Marpaung H, Wirjosentono B, Tamrin, Supeno M. 2017. Polimer Ilmu Material. Medan (ID): Usu Press.
Siregar AH, Setyawan BA, Marasabessy A. 2016. Komposit fiber reinforced plastic sebagai material bodi kapal berbasis fiberglass tahan api. Bina Teknika. 12(2):261-266.
Sjostrom E. 1998. Kimia Kayu: Dasar-dasar dan Penggunaannya. Yogyakarta (ID): Gadjah Mada University Press.
Sudiyani Y, Styarini D, Triwahyuni E, Sudiyarmanto, Sembiring KC, Aristiawan Y, Abimanyi H, Han MH. 2013. Utilization of biomass waste empty fruit bunch fiber of palm oil for bioethanol production using plot-scale unit. International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application. 32:31-38.doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.005.
Suryadi GS. Kajian mikrostruktur, sifat termal, mekanik, dan permukaan biokomposit berpenguat tandan kosong kelapa sawit[tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Syukri. 1999. Kimia Dasar. Bandung (ID): Penerbit ITB.
Trodec LM, Sedan D, Peyratout C, Bonnet JP, Smith A, Guinebretiere R, Gloaguen V, Krausz P. 2007. Influence of various chemical treatments on the composition and structure of hemp fibres. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 39(2008):514-522.doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.12.001.
Widodo B. 2008. Analisa sifat mekanik komposit epoksi dengan penguat serat pohon aren (ijuk) model lamina berorientasi sudut acak (random). Jurnal Teknologi Technoscientia. 1(1):1-5.
Yunos NSHM, Baharuddin AS, Yunos KFM, Hafid HS, Busu Z, Mochtar MN, Sulaiman S, Som AM. 2015. The Physicochemical Characteristics of Residual Oil and Fibers from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches. Bio-Resource. 10(1):14-29.
Zhao WJ, Hu QX, Zhang NN, Wei YC, Zhao Q, Zhang YM, Dong JB, Sun ZY, Liu BJ, Lid L, Hu W. 2017. In situ inorganic flame retardant modified hemp and its polypropylene composites. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 7: 32236–32245.