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Abstract

The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is a wild species currently classified as critically endangered due to a significant decline in population. One of the conservation efforts undertaken is through the Seblat Elephant Training Center (PLG), which functions as a facility for elephant training and management. Mahouts, as the primary caretakers and companions of elephants, possess local knowledge regarding various plant species consumed by elephants, including those with natural medicinal properties. This study aims to identify feed plant species that function as medicinal resources based on mahout knowledge and to analyze the active compound contents of these plants. The methods employed included a census-based interview of 12 mahouts, field verification, and phytochemical screening. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo software to categorize themes related to mahout knowledge. The results indicate that there are 22 feed plant species commonly consumed by Sumatran elephants, four of which function as natural medicines: Mimosa pudica (sensitive plant), Clerotopis gigantea (nettle), Piper aduncum (wild betel), and Eleutherine palmifolia (puar). Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of active compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and tannins, which exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiarrheal activities. Mahout knowledge is acquired through direct experience and observation of elephant behavior indicating tendencies toward self-medication. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for traditional elephant health management while simultaneously supporting the conservation of feed plant species at the Seblat Elephant Training Center.


Keywords: Sumatran elephant, Mahout, Feed plants, Natural medicine, Phytochemistry

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Copyright (c) 2026 Putrida Irayani, Mela Faradika, Siswahyono, Hefri Oktoyoki

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