Amplitudo : Jurnal Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Fisika https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf <div><strong>Amplitudo: Jurnal Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Fisika</strong> is the name of the new journal for the physics learning journal (Jurnal Pembelajaran Fisika-JPF), which was published once in 2017. Due to some reasons, JPF will not be published again until 2020. Name change for the e-ISSN submission process and the sustainability of this journal going forward.</div> <div> </div> <div>The journal with the name <strong>Amplitudo: Jurnal Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Fisika</strong> would begin publication in September 2021. This journal is a forum for publishing articles on the results of research in the fields of education, learning, and physics. This journal already has an ISSN electronic number, namely <a href="https://issn.brin.go.id/terbit/detail/20220214041069735">2828-2345</a>.</div> en-US <p>Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms:</p><ol type="a"><li>Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" target="_new">Creative Commons Attribution License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li><li>Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.</li><li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html" target="_new">The Effect of Open Access</a>).</li><li>This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</li></ol><p>• Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)</p><p><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a></p><p><strong>AMPLITUDO<strong>:</strong> Jurnal Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Fisika</strong> is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p><div> </div> aprina.defianti@unib.ac.id (Aprina Defianti) aprina.defianti@unib.ac.id (Aprina Defianti) Sat, 30 Sep 2023 16:08:32 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.11 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MICROSOFT SWAY PADA MATERI HUKUM GERAK NEWTON DI SMA https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/20635 <p><strong>A</strong><strong>B</strong><strong>S</strong><strong>T</strong><strong>R</strong><strong>A</strong><strong>K</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menggembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis <em>Microsoft Sway </em>pada materi Hukum Gerak Newton di SMA. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 6 Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R &amp; D) dengan metode 4D yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi 3D dan terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian atau <em>define, </em>perancangan atau <em>design</em>, dan pengembangan atau <em>develope</em>. Tahap <em>define</em> terdiri dari hasil studi literatur dan analisis kebutuhan. Tahap <em>design</em> pada penelitian ini yaitu pemilihan media dan materi perancangan, serta perancangan awal media pembelajaran. Tahap <em>develop</em> dalam penelitian ini merupakan validasi ahli yang terdiri dari 3 orang ahli. Hasil dari validasi ahli dengan aspek kelayakan isi sebesar 85,83%, aspek bahasa sebesar 89,58%, aspek penyajian sebesar 85,41%, dan aspek kegrafisan sebesar 83,33%. Total validasi yang dilakukan oleh validator rata-rata sebesar 86,03%. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran berbasis <em>Microsoft Sway </em>pada materi Hukum Gerak Newton memenuhi kriteria sangat layak diujicobakan di SMA pada siswa kelas X.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : Media Pembelajaran, <em>Online</em>, <em>Microsoft Sway</em><em>, </em>Hukum Gerak Newton</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>ABS</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>R</em></strong><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>C</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><em>This study aims to describe and develop learning media based on Microsoft Sway on Newton's Laws of Motion in high school. The research was conducted at SMAN 6 Bengkulu City. This research is a research and development (R &amp; D) with the 4D method which has been modified into 3D and consists of the stages of defining or define, design or design, and development or develope. The define stage consists of the results of the literature study and needs analysis. The design stage in this research is the selection of media and design materials, as well as the initial design of learning media. The develop stage in this research is an expert validation consisting of 3 experts. The results of expert validation with content feasibility aspects are 85.83%, language aspects are 89.58%, presentation aspects are 85.41%, and graphic aspects are 83.33%. The total validation carried out by validators is 86.03% on average. Thus, the Microsoft Sway-based learning media on Newton's Laws of Motion material meets the criteria very worthy of being tested in high school for class X students.</em></p> <p><strong><em> </em></strong></p> <p><strong><em>Keyword</em></strong><em> : </em><em>Learning Media, Online, Microsoft Sway, Newton's Laws of Motion</em></p> Septi Petriati, Andik Purwanto, Rosane Medriati Copyright (c) 2023 Septi Petriati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/20635 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MATERI TERMODINAMIKA SMA KELAS XI BERBASIS MICROSOFT SWAY https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/20585 <p><strong>A</strong><strong>B</strong><strong>S</strong><strong>T</strong><strong>R</strong><strong>A</strong><strong>K</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menggembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis <em>Microsoft Sway </em>pada materi Termodinamka SMA Kelas XI. Penelitian dilakukan di SMAN 4 Kepahiang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R &amp; D) dengan metode 4D yang telah dimodifikasi menjadi 3D dan terdiri dari tahap pendefinisian atau <em>define, </em>perancangan atau <em>design</em>, dan pengembangan atau <em>develop</em>. Tahap <em>define </em>terdiri dari hasil studi literatur dan analisis kebutuhan. Tahap <em>design </em>pada penelitian ini yaitu pemilihan media dan materi perancangan, serta perancangan awal media pembelajaran. Tahap <em>develop </em>dalam penelitian ini merupakan validasi ahli yang terdiri dari 3 orang ahli. Hasil dari validasi ahli dengan aspek kelayakan isi sebesar 86,65%, aspek bahasa sebesar 92,7%, aspek penyajian sebesar 87,5%, dan aspek kegrafisan sebesar 75 %. Total validasi yang dilakukan oleh validator rata-rata sebesar 85,45%. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran Fisika Materi termodinamika SMA Kelas XI Berbasis <em>Microsoft Sway</em> memenuhi kriteria sangat layak diujicobakan di SMA pada siswa kelas XI.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kata Kunci </strong>: Media Pembelajaran, <em>Online</em>, <em>Microsoft Sway, </em>Termodinamika SMA Kelas XI</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>ABS</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>R</em></strong><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>C</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p><em>This study aims to describe and develop learning media based on Microsoft Sway on Newton's Laws of Motion in high school. The research was conducted at SMAN 4 </em><em>Kepahiang</em><em>. This research is a research and development (R &amp; D) with the 4D method which has been modified into 3D and consists of the stages of defining or define, design or design, and development or develope. The define stage consists of the results of the literature study and needs analysis. The design stage in this research is the selection of media and design materials, as well as the initial design of learning media. The develop stage in this research is an expert validation consisting of 3 experts. The results of expert validation with content feasibility aspects are 86.65%, language aspects are 92.7%, presentation aspects are 87.5%, and graphic aspects are 75%. The total validation carried out by validators is 85.45% on average. Thus, the </em><em>Physic’s media learning for senior high school grade XI Thermodynamics Material Based On Microsoft Sway </em><em>meets the criteria very worthy of being tested in high school for class X</em><em>I</em><em> students.</em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Keywords </strong>: <em>Learning Media, Online, Microsoft Sway, </em><em>High School Grade XI Thermodynamics</em></p> Tomy Mario Suganda, Andik Purwanto, Eko Risdianto Copyright (c) 2024 Tomy Mario Suganda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/20585 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GENERATIF BERBASIS PETA KONSEP UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI GETARAN HARMONIK DI SMAN 7 KOTA BENGKULU https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24418 <p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada ranah kognitif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah <em>Pre- Experiment</em> dengan tipe <em>One Group Pretest-Posttest design</em><em>. </em>Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan teknik <em>random sampling</em> sebanyak 33 siswa. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, tes tertulis pilihan ganda dan angket respon peserta didik. Hasil penelitian ini dari perhitungan N-Gain menunjukkan nilai skor sebesar 0,50 dengan kategori sedang. Rerata persentase untuk hasil angket respon siswa menunjukkan sebesar 82,5% dengan kategori mendapatkan respon positif peserta didik terhadap penerapan perangkat pembelajaran fisika menggunakan model pembelajaran generatif berbasis peta konsep. Uji <em>paired sample t-test </em>memperoleh hasil tingkat signifikansi 0,000 &lt; 0,05 yang artinya bahwa antara <em>pretest </em>dan <em>posttest</em> mengalami perbedaan yang signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil beberapa uji yang dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi model pembelajaran generatif berbasis peta konsep pada materi getaran harmonik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X MIPA di SMAN 7 Kota Bengkulu.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong> : Hasil Belajar, Model Pembelajaran Generatif, Peta Konsep<a name="_Toc115719364"></a></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><strong><em>ABSTRAC</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong></p> <p><strong><em> </em></strong></p> <p><em>This research aimed to describe the improvement of student learning outcomes in the cognitive domain. This type of research is Pre-Experiment with the type of One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The population of this research is the students of class X MIPA SMAN 7 Bengkulu City in the academic year 2021/2022. The research sample was selected by random sampling technique as many as 33 students. The research instruments used were observation, interviews, multiple choice written tests and student response questionnaires. The results of this study from the N-Gain calculation show a score of 0.50 in the medium category. The average percentage for the results of the student response questionnaire showed 82,5% with the category of getting a positive response from students towards the application of physics learning tools using a generative learning model based on concept maps. Paired sample t-test results obtained a significance level of 0.000 &lt;0.05, which means that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest. Based on the results of several tests conducted, it can be concluded that the implementation of a generative learning model based on concept maps on harmonic vibration material can improve the learning outcomes of class X MIPA students at SMAN 7 Bengkulu City.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong> :</strong> <em>Learning Outcomes, Generative Learning Model, Concept Map</em></p> Shinta Utami, Desy Hanisa Putri, Henny Johan Copyright (c) 2024 Shinta Utami, Desy Hanisa Putri, Henny Johan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24418 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PENGEMBANGAN LKPD BERBASIS STEM BERBANTUAN SIMULASI PHET UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATERI LISTRIK DINAMIS https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24481 <p><strong>A</strong><strong>B</strong><strong>S</strong><strong>T</strong><strong>R</strong><strong>A</strong><strong>K</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan kelayakan LKPD berbasis STEM berbantuan simulasi PhET untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada materi listrik dinamis. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan di sini adalah jenis penelitian dan pengembangan (RnD) dengan model pengembangan 4D (define, design, development, Dissemination). Namun proses dalam Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan sampai tahap Define saja. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu SMA Negeri 5 Kota Bengkulu, SMA Negeri 7 Kota Bengkulu, dan SMA Negeri 9 Kota Bengkulu terdiri atas 75 siswa dan 3 guru fisika. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menyebutkan bahwa berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan siswa yang didapatkan bahwa 93% dari 75 siswa sudah memiliki smartphone/laptop, dan 42% peserta didik menyatakan masih memerlukan bahan ajar yang dapat digunakan dimana saja dan kapan saja agar memudahkan dalam proses pembelajaran fisika. Ditinjau berdasarkan hasil wawancara guru fisika di SMA Negeri 5, 7, dan 9, setuju jika ada bahan tambahan yang dapat diakses dimana saja agar siswa dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran baik di sekolah maupun di rumah. Adapun fungsi dari penelitian ini sebagai pertimbangan dalam merancang produk pembelajaran berupa pengembangan LKPD berbasis STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) berbantuan simulasi PhET untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi listrik dinamis.</p> <p> </p> <p>Kata Kunci:Kelayakan LKPD, Berbasis STEM, berbantuan simulasi PhET, Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis, Materi Listrik Dinamis.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>ABS</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>R</em></strong><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>C</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong></p> <p><strong><em> </em></strong></p> <p><em>Study was conducted to describe the feasibility of STEM-based LKPD assisted by PhET simulation to develop critical thinking skills in dynamic electrical materials. The type of research conducted here is the type of research and development (RnD) with a 4D development model (define, design, development, Dissemination). However, the process in this study was only carried out until the Define stage. The sample of this research is SMA Negeri 5 Bengkulu City, SMA Negeri 7 Bengkulu City, and SMA Negeri 9 Bengkulu City consisting of 75 students and 3 physics teachers. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, observations and interviews. The results of this study stated that based on the analysis of student needs, it was found that 93% of 75 students already had a smartphone/laptop, and 42% of students stated that they still needed teaching materials that could be used anywhere and anytime to facilitate the physics learning process. Judging by the results of interviews with physics teachers at SMA Negeri 5, 7, and 9, it is agreed that there are additional materials that can be accessed anywhere so that students can carry out learning both at school and at home. The function of this research is to be considered in designing learning products in the form of developing STEM-based worksheets (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) assisted by PhET simulations to foster students' critical thinking skills in dynamic electrical materials.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><em>Keywords: LKPD Feasibility, STEM-based, PhET simulation assisted, Critical Thinking Ability, Dynamic Electrical Material.</em></p> Deta Eliansi, Dedy Hamdani, Rosane Medriati Copyright (c) 2024 Deta Eliansi, Dedy Hamdani, Rosane Medriati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24481 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PENGARUH PENERAPAN MODEL INTERACTIVE CONCEPTUAL INSTRUCTION (ICI) BERBANTUAN MEDIA INTERAKTIF TERHADAP HASILBELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI FISIKA DI SMA https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24536 <h1>ABSTRAK</h1> <p> </p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan apakah terdapat pengaruh signifikan penerapan model <em>interactive conceptual instruction </em>berbantuan media interaktif terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa di SMA. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua kelas X IPA SMA N 8 Kota Bengkulu. Sampel penelitian ini diambil menggunakan teknik <em>simple random sampling </em>diperoleh siswa kelasX IPA 1 sebagai kelas uji coba(eksperimen) dan siswa kelas X IPA 3 kelas kontrol. Jumlah siswa yang terlibat sebanyak 66 siswa yang terdiri dari 33 siswa dari kelas X IPA 1 dan 33 siswa kelas X IPA 3. Jenis penlitian ini adalah Quasi Experiment Research tipe nonequivalent control gruop design. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket untuk respon siswa dan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan dan tes untuk hasil belajar fisika. Analisis data menggunakan <em>uji t sample independent </em>dengan rumus <em>t test polled </em>varian menggunakan SPSS, uji <em>Effect Size </em>dengan rumus <em>Cohens’d </em>serta uji <em>N-gain </em>untuk hasil belajar fisika. Hasil penelitan menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa antara yang menggunakan model interactive conceptual instruction dengan siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran konvensional (<em>sig.(2-tailed</em>) sebesar 0,020&lt;0,05). Sedangkan besar pengaruh, menurut <em>Cohens’d </em>sebesar 0,57 dengan persentase 69 % untuk hasil belajar siswa, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model <em>interactive conceptual instruction </em>berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa di SMA.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>Model Interactive Conceptual Instruction,</em>Hasil belajar siswa, media Interaktif</p> <p> </p> <h1><em>A</em><em>BSTRACT</em></h1> <p><em> </em></p> <p><em>This study aims to explain whether there is a significant effect of the application of interactive conceptual instruction model assisted by interactive media on student physics learning outcomes in high school. This research was conducted in two class X IPA SMA N 8 Bengkulu City. The sample of this study was taken using simple random sampling technique obtained by students of class X IPA 1 as a test class (experimental) and students of class X IPA 3 as a control class. The number of students involved were 66 students consisting of 33 students from class X IPA 1 and 33 students from class X IPA 3. This type of research was a Quasi Experiment Research type of nonequivalent control group design. Data collection techniques used questionnaires student respons and implementation observation sheet and tests for physics learning outcomes. Data analysis used independent sample t test with polled variance t test formula using SPSS, Effect Size test with Cohens'd formula and N-gain test for physics learning outcomes. The results of the research show that there is a significant effect on student learning outcomes between those who use the interactive conceptual instruction model and students who are taught using the conventional learning model (sig. (2-tailed) of 0.020&lt;0.05). While the influence, according to Cohens'd, is 0.57 with a percentage of 69% for student learning outcomes, so it can be concluded that the interactive conceptual instruction model has a significant effect on student physics learning outcomes in high school.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><em>Keywords: Interactive Conceptual Instruction Model, Student Learning Outcomes, Interactive Media.</em></p> Dadang Herwansyah, Nirwana Nirwana, Henny Johan Copyright (c) 2024 Dadang Herwansyah, Nirwana Nirwana, Henny Johan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24536 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000 PENGEMBANGAN E-LKPD FISIKA BERBASIS PREDICT OBSERVE EXPLAIN (POE) PADA MATERI FLUIDA STATIS UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA DI KOTA BENGKULU https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24721 <p><strong>A</strong><strong>B</strong><strong>S</strong><strong>T</strong><strong>R</strong><strong>A</strong><strong>K</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kelayakan dan persepsi peserta didik terhadap Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik (<em>e-LKPD) </em>berbasis <em>Predict Observe Explain </em><strong>(</strong>POE) untuk melatihkan kemampuan berpikir kritis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R&amp;D) dengan model 3D dengan langkah-langkah <em>define, design, </em>dan<em> develop</em>. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu teknik non tes yang menggunakan data observasi, <em>review document</em>, dan angket. Teknik analisis data yaitu dengan metode deskriptif, kualitatif, dan kuantitatif. Subjek yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah guru fisika dan peserta didik kelas XI di SMA Negeri 5, 7, dan 9 Kota Bengkulu. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa <em>e-LKPD</em> berbasis POE untuk melatihkan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kriteria sangat layak dengan persentase rata-rata 95,06% sehingga layak diujicobakan serta mendapatkan persepsi sangat baik dari peserta didik dengan persentase rata-rata sebesar 85,69%.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>e-LKPD</em>, POE, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>ABS</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong><strong><em>R</em></strong><strong><em>A</em></strong><strong><em>C</em></strong><strong><em>T</em></strong></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><em>This study aims to describe the feasibility and students' perceptions of the Predict Observe Explain </em><strong><em>(</em></strong><em>POE) </em><em>based Electronic Student Worksheet </em><em>(</em><em>e-LKPD</em><em>)</em><em> to practice critical thinking skills. This research is a research and development (R&amp;D) with a 3D model with the steps of define, design, and develop. Data collection techniques are non-test techniques that use observation data, document reviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques are descriptive, qualitative, and quantitative methods. The subjects used in this study were physics teachers and class XI students at SMA Negeri 5, 7, and 9 Bengkulu City. The results of this study can be concluded that the POE-based e-LKPD to train critical thinking skills developed is included in the very feasible criteria with an average percentage of </em><em>95,06</em><em>% so that it is worth trying out and getting very good perceptions from students with an average percentage of 8</em><em>5,69</em><em>%.</em></p> <p><em> </em></p> <p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: e-LKPD, POE, Critical Thinking Ability.</em></p> Amirah Sari Oktarina, Dedy Hamdani, Andik Purwanto Copyright (c) 2024 Amirah Sari Oktarina, Dedy Hamdani, Andik Purwanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0 https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/jipf/article/view/24721 Sat, 30 Sep 2023 00:00:00 +0000