TRADITIONAL TITLES AND POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN GORONTALO

Each region has its own peculiarities that refers to the culture of its people. In this diverse culture, there are customs that are maintained as continuous, preserved and practiced in social life. The aims of the research are: (a) to reveal the meaning of adat title in local political communication, (b) to know the meaning of political communication capital in local government in Gorontalo, and (c) to get the pattern of political communication capital in local government in Gorontalo. The research doing by the critical ethnography, which is focus on the discovery, interpretation, and application of local knowledge to practice, rather than on testing hypotheses or outcomes. As a customary area, Gorontalo has a tradition of giving traditional titles ( Pulanga) to the local son who is considered to have a great contribution to the region. The awarding of traditional titles/returns as a form of homage to new officials to distinguish them from others in society. The preservation of the traditions of the awarding ceremony is a sign that custom exists in Gorontalo society. So far, the awards have not clashed with democracy, although in certain aspects such as the recognition of women's leadership, not yet fully compatible with democracy. This paper examines how customary / traditional titles can be used as political capital in a contestation in Gorontalo for political office positions.


INTRODUCTION
The differences of ethnicity, religion, customs and regionalism are characteristic of Indonesian society that still smells Dutch or at least to describe Indonesian society in Dutch era.The plural society according to Furnivall is a society consisting of two or more elements that live alone without the intermingling of one another in political unity (Furnivall 1967: 446-469).According to Koentjaraningrat (1990) ethnicity as a social group or a unity of life that has an interaction system that exists because of the continuity and sense of identity that unites all its members and has its own leadership system.According Koentjaraningrat, the grouping of various ethnic groups in Indonesia generally done by following the system of customary law circle made by Van Vollenhoven.According to the division, in Indonesia there are 19 regions of ethnic groups, one of which is the ethnic of Gorontalo.In terms of democracy life in Gorontalo, of course not present from the beginning or not yet practicing democracy as it appears at this time.But as a practice and values, some key elements of democracy once colored the "golden period" in history (power) in Gorontalo.Nothing wrong if we look back for a moment.
Between the 17th and 18th centuries Gorontalo achieved a very modern democratic system, when the power structure and political culture were formed on the basis of the supremacy of religion,

RESEARCH METHODS
Critical ethnography is a qualitative research methodology that enables the researcher to not only study and understand society, but also to critique and potentially change that society through his or her work, (Cook, 2005).The study arises from a critical ethnographic paradigm, in the traditions of ethnographic inquiry, critical social theory (Agar, 1999;Kincheloe& McLaren, 2000), and community-based action research (LeCompte, Schensul, Weeks, & Singer, 1999;Minkler & Wallerstein, 2003;Stringer, 1999)

Profile of the informants
In general, this research will be conducted in Gorontalo Province, especially in Gorontalo City and Gorontalo Regency.

History Of traditional titles in Gorontalo
The Lipu (sub-district).In the rule, the traditional title is not given to the governor.But along with the development, the governor / vice governor has also received Pulanga.
The Pulanga given to them will continue to stick until they retire from office.
The main criterion of the great work that was used as a measure in conferring the traditional title was no longer fully enforced.
Today, the granting of the traditional political title of Pulanga is a form of recognition and respect for customs to officials, regardless of whether or not they have worked.Although a state person who is elected either as regent / mayor may be employed, the customary person concerned may not receive honor / respect with Tubo or have the right to sit in the traditional seat(motuhuloa to huhuloalo bulita).This is a justifiable reason, even though the newly elected has been directly awarded custom.
By already holding the title home, then someone will get a place different from where the people in general.
Informants also cannot argue that the impression that the title of adat used as a political capital for example in the content in the area.However, positions in government, women have a place and role in accordance with the field of expertise.

Conclusion
The sensitivity to the community, you may attempt to explain some of the questions/contradictions left open in the informant's interpretation of things.The notion of political capital in the social sciences is still being sharpened and the publication of this political capital is far less than the publication of symbolic capital, social capital, cultural capital and economic capital Economic capital).According to Casey in (Nasir: 2009) political capital as the empowerment of the whole type of capital owned by a political actor or a political institution to produce profitable political action and strengthen the position of political actors or political institutions concerned.Casey further specifies the existence of four political markets that influence the magnitude of political capital owned by a political agent or a political institution.The first political market is elections because elections are the basic instrument for electing leaders in a democratic system, the second political market is the formulation and implementation of public policies.The third political market is the dynamics of relationships and conflicts between political actors and political institutions in the formulation and implementation of public policies.The fourth political market is the opinion or public opinion of political actors or political institutions.While symbolic capital or in relation to the dynamics of politics can be understood as the magnitude of legitimacy, reputation, and level of respect obtained by political actors or political institutions due to political acts committed or not done.The awarding of adat titles in the local political context in Gorontalo Province can be considered as a political capital.With the title of adat carried by a local political figure who sits in government and who will nominate in the context of the election of public positions such as regents / mayors, and governors, one can be more confident and more acceptable to society.
figures who was awardedof the traditional title as who knows and feel how the change of 'status' and responsibility before and after receiving the traditional title; second, the customary council is the one who holds a deliberation on the consideration of whether or not a person receives a traditional title, Third, customary traditional stakeholders as the executor when giving the traditional title, so it was considered able to explain the symbolic meanings of each customary title procession, the Fourculturalists and cultural observers were chosen because they were concentrated with the preservation and preservation of local culture in Gorontalo and Fifth In addition there were figures who awarding of traditional titles in the context of local government in Gorontalo, cannot be separated from the position of customary presence based on the Kitabullah, in the area known as the Serambi of Medina.This can be seen from the important point of consideration of customary titles, which is not justified if one member of his family is religious other than moslem.With this logic, then the leadership of women has not been fully accepted.Allegations of political transactions in the conferment of customary titles are inevitable.Increasingly, traditional titles are always festive, impossible without great expenses.Procurement of uniforms for customary councils, adat stakeholders is no small cost incurred.Moreover, if those who accept customary titles are officials.The notion that the higher the position, the greater the cost to be incurred, cannot be avoided.The reputation of the traditional council becomes questionable, since it is generally filled by retired civil servants.In fact, law enforcement and adat rules are difficult to enforce, as customary stakeholders are easily co-opted by the governing system in power.