Main Article Content
Abstract
States send their representatives to other states for diplomacy, these state’s representatives are referred to in Diplomatic Law as 'diplomatic agents'. According to Article 3 of the 1961 Vienna Convention, a diplomatic agent has a diplomatic mission in the form of: representing the government of the sending state; protecting their citizens where they accredited; promoting their country; negotiating; and reporting all tasks that have been done to the government of their state. However, in practice, it is not uncommon for diplomatic agents to carry out activities outside of diplomatic missions. This study analyzes the state's responsibility to diplomatic agents who carry out missions outside of diplomatic missions based on International Law and the legal implications for diplomatic agents who carry out missions outside of diplomatic missions. The research method used normative legal research with statutory, case, and doctrinal approaches. Responsibility can be done as long as there are objections from the state that impact some disadvantaged. Consider the diplomatic law based on an agreement between the two states that establish diplomatic relations.
Article Details
References
- Buku
- Ernest Satow, “Satow’s Guied to Diplomatic Practice, 5th Edition”, Longman Group Ltd, London, 1979.
- H. Ishaq, Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, serta Disertasi, Alfabeta, Bandung, 2017.
- Soerjono Soekanto, Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Rafindo Persada, 2012.
- Tim Penyusun Buku Panduan Penelitian Tugas Akhir, Panduan Penelitian Tugas Akhir Untuk Sarjana (S1), Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bengkulu, Bengkulu, 2017.
- Jurnal
- L. Ya Esty Pratiwi, Zezito F M C, Hukum Siber: Praktik Spionase dalam Kedaulatan Negara dan Hubungan Diplomasi Berdasarkan Ketentuan Hukum Internasional, Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, Vol. 8, No. 3, September, 2020.
- R. Aj. Rizka Februari. Prabanigtyas, S.IP, Indonesia-Asutralia: Menguji Persahabatan di Tengah Konflik Penyadapan, Institute of International studies Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Vol 20, No. 1, Desember 2013.
- Sri Setianingsih Suwardi, Hukum Internasional Sebagai Sarana Pembangunan Masyarakat Internasional, Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, Vol. 26, No. 4, Agustus 1996.
- Instrumen Hukum
- Konvensi Wina 1961 Hubungan Diplomatik
- Artikel/Website
- “AS Diam-diam Usir 2 Diplomat China Terkait Dugaan Spionase”, diunduh tanggal 14 Februari 2023 dari https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4824055/as-diam-diam-usir-2-diplomat-china-terkait-dugaan-spionase.
- BBC News Indonesia, “BIN: Australia menyadap Indonesia sejak 2007”, diunduh tanggal 4 Mei 2023 dari https://www.bbc.com/indonesia.
- BBC News Indonesia, “Balas Inggris, Rusia usir 23 diplomat Inggris dari Moskow,” diunduh tanggal 15 Januari 2022 dari https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-43446659.
- Detiknews, “Eks Intelijen CIA Edward Snowden, di Tengah Kasus Penyadapan SBY”, diunduh 15 Mei 2023 dari http://news.detik.com/read/2013/08/01/042511/2320717/10/eks-intelijen-ciaedwardsnowden-di-tengahkasus-penyadapan-sby.
- Nargiz Mammadzade, “The First Embassy in History”, diunduh tanggal 9 Oktober 2022 dari https://pickvisa.com/blog/first-embassy-in-history.
- VoA Indonesia, “AS Diam-diam Usir 2 Diplomat China”, diunduh tanggal 15 Mei 2023 dari https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/as-diam-diam-usir-2-diplomat-china/5207283.html.
References
Buku
Ernest Satow, “Satow’s Guied to Diplomatic Practice, 5th Edition”, Longman Group Ltd, London, 1979.
H. Ishaq, Metode Penelitian Hukum dan Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis, serta Disertasi, Alfabeta, Bandung, 2017.
Soerjono Soekanto, Penelitian Hukum Normatif, Rafindo Persada, 2012.
Tim Penyusun Buku Panduan Penelitian Tugas Akhir, Panduan Penelitian Tugas Akhir Untuk Sarjana (S1), Fakultas Hukum Universitas Bengkulu, Bengkulu, 2017.
Jurnal
L. Ya Esty Pratiwi, Zezito F M C, Hukum Siber: Praktik Spionase dalam Kedaulatan Negara dan Hubungan Diplomasi Berdasarkan Ketentuan Hukum Internasional, Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, Vol. 8, No. 3, September, 2020.
R. Aj. Rizka Februari. Prabanigtyas, S.IP, Indonesia-Asutralia: Menguji Persahabatan di Tengah Konflik Penyadapan, Institute of International studies Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Vol 20, No. 1, Desember 2013.
Sri Setianingsih Suwardi, Hukum Internasional Sebagai Sarana Pembangunan Masyarakat Internasional, Jurnal Hukum dan Pembangunan, Vol. 26, No. 4, Agustus 1996.
Instrumen Hukum
Konvensi Wina 1961 Hubungan Diplomatik
Artikel/Website
“AS Diam-diam Usir 2 Diplomat China Terkait Dugaan Spionase”, diunduh tanggal 14 Februari 2023 dari https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-4824055/as-diam-diam-usir-2-diplomat-china-terkait-dugaan-spionase.
BBC News Indonesia, “BIN: Australia menyadap Indonesia sejak 2007”, diunduh tanggal 4 Mei 2023 dari https://www.bbc.com/indonesia.
BBC News Indonesia, “Balas Inggris, Rusia usir 23 diplomat Inggris dari Moskow,” diunduh tanggal 15 Januari 2022 dari https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-43446659.
Detiknews, “Eks Intelijen CIA Edward Snowden, di Tengah Kasus Penyadapan SBY”, diunduh 15 Mei 2023 dari http://news.detik.com/read/2013/08/01/042511/2320717/10/eks-intelijen-ciaedwardsnowden-di-tengahkasus-penyadapan-sby.
Nargiz Mammadzade, “The First Embassy in History”, diunduh tanggal 9 Oktober 2022 dari https://pickvisa.com/blog/first-embassy-in-history.
VoA Indonesia, “AS Diam-diam Usir 2 Diplomat China”, diunduh tanggal 15 Mei 2023 dari https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/as-diam-diam-usir-2-diplomat-china/5207283.html.