Language acquisition of children aged 2 years in "Kimono mom" YouTube channel

ABSTRACT

grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics).This competence is brought by every child from birth, Witdianti (2018:3) A child can get the language presented to him from a variety of different backgrounds.This linkage is more directed to the elements of language in which the order of acquisition is absolute and some are not.The absolute nature of the phonological component appears clearer, namely that it is impossible for a child to master one sound before another sound, although this applies to all sounds in the language, Dardjowidjono (2000:21).
In the process of acquiring the language, a child often has difficulty in speaking a language.This happens when the child wants to convey meaning by using the words he hears and remembers from his mother tongue.In addition to that, at the stage when the child tries to imitate the word that the mother has just said spontaneously with the aim of repeating it, children often do reductionwhich reduces or eliminates words belonging to groups or assignment words, such as prepositions, conjunctions, and particles.
Mother's Language is the language used by the mother, or someone else, when speaking to the child.Mother's Language is the input received by the child.According to Moskowitz, 1981: Pine, 1994;Barton &Tomase, 1994in Djarjawidjoyo (2000:49), that the language we use for children, Mother's Language, has special characteristics: (1) the sentences are short; (2) does not contain compound sentences; (3) pitch of voice is usually high; (4) the intonation is a bit exaggerated; (5) the rate of speech is not fast; (6) lots of redundancy; (7) use a lot of greetings As an example, the following is a fragment of a conversation between a child named Sutan and his mother on the YouTube channel 'Kimono Mom', the first video: To the Hidden Spiritual Place | Family Travel in Japan (Saturday 2 April 2022).
Situation: Moe and Sutan just arrived at the hotel after hours of train ride.Sutan, who had just entered the hotel room, saw the refrigerator and immediately spoke to his mother.Then Sutan said"Recoko... akete" means "Open the refrigerator!" In terms of phonology, the word recokoakete uttered by Sutan in the above conversation fragment should say reizouko o akete.Sutan couldn't pronounce the fricative sound (z) yet, so it was replaced with a velar stop (k).However, even though it was not pronounced perfectly, it can already be interpreted that Sutan asked to open the refrigerator.
Meanwhile, in terms of syntax, Sutan began issuing two-word utterances.The characteristics of two-word utterances are words with main categories: nouns, verbs, adjectives, or even adverbs.Apart from that, Sutan has been able to pronounce imperative sentences even though they are not complete.Because there is no visible pattern of using kudasai and not using 'wo' particles.
"Kimono Mom" is a 30-year-old YouTuber whose real name is Moe who previously worked as a Geiko or Geisha in Japan.Since getting married she moved to Tokyo and retired from her profession as a geisha especially after giving birth.Moe is married to Motoki Yamada and is blessed with a child in the spring of 2019 named Sutan.Her husband is the owner of an upscale restaurant in Tokyo.After getting married, Moe is now a full-time mom while creating content about cooking and family on her YouTube channel.Kimono Mom is given the name 'Kimoni Mom'.Moe just opened a "Kimono Mom" YouTube account in February 2020.
The "Kimono Mom" YouTube channel, apart from being well-known in Japan, also has many viewers from abroad who are interested in traditional, home-style Japanese cooking.In addition, the video duration in each upload, which is also short, 12-22 minutes, adds to the audience's interest in waiting for the next video update.Now the "Kimono Mom" YouTube channel has been followed by more than 1.1 million subscribers.
"Kimono Mom" has also received an award written on the Timeout website as eight Japanese women who stand out this year with their impressive achievements and their dedication that can inspire many other women to commemorate International Women's Day which falls on March 8 every year.
On the YouTube channel, there are many conversations of a child named Sutan with his mother and father which can provide an overview of children's language acquisition in the daily lives of children in Japan.
Based on the explanation above, the authors only focus on the research subject on a child named Sutan, studying the phonological and syntactic acquisition of speech sounds found on the 'Kimono Mom' YouTube channel.Research data was taken from 4 videos with a duration of 12-22 minutes each at the end of 2021 until Sutan turns 3 years old.These data can provide an overview of the language acquisition process in children at the age of 2 years in Japan.So that this study discusses "Language Acquisition in Children Aged 2 Years in the 'Kimono Mom' YouTube Channel".
Based on the background of the problems that have been described regarding language acquisition in children aged 2 years by Sutan on the Kimono Mom YouTube channel above, the following problems are formulated: 1. How is language acquisition in terms of 2-year-old children's phonology in Kimono Mom YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4? 2. How is language acquisition in terms of syntax for a 2-year-old child in Kimono Mom YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4? This research is focused on language acquisition and also examines the speech sound of a 2-year-old child (Sutan) in "Kimono Mom" YouTube channel.Sutan speech sound data is grouped based on each episode/video with a total of 4 episodes/video, namely, the first video: To The Hidden spiritual Place| Family Travel in Japan (Saturday, 2 April 2022), second video: Finally Sutan wears a Kimono!| Christmas Miracle|Roast Beef Recipe (January 2022), third video: Miso Soymilk Hotpot| Winter Recipes | Japanese Food (December 2021), and the fourth video: Mom's life in Japan | 24hours | Just Be Yourself (November 2021).The four episodes/videos were chosen because they have different titles, conditions and situations.Furthermore, the speech data was analyzed using a phonological approach (vowels, consonants and special Japanese phonemes), and an approach from a syntactical perspective, whether the sentence forms are spoken, whether they are included in declarative, interrogative, imperative or exclamative forms.
First, Hutabarat (2006) with the title "Acquisition of Indonesian Language for 2-Year-Old Children at the Syntactic Level", based on the results of her research Tasia (2 years) is already able to compose simple words, starting from one, two to four words, and finally forms sentence.The simple sentences he put forward still revolved around simple and irregular sequences.However, the meaning of the sentence can be captured properly, in the form of declarative sentences, imperative sentences or interrogative sentences.
Second, Yanti (2013) with the title "Case Study of Language Acquisition in Indonesian 3-Year-Old Children", language acquisition at the syntactic, semantic, and phonological levels of Nadya as the object of research is quite good.Language acquisition for children aged 3 years is at the stage of sentence development.The child already knows dialogue patterns, already understands when it is his turn to speak and when it is his opponent's turn to speak.The child has mastered the basic grammatical laws of adults, vocabulary is growing, and phonological development is pretty much over.
Third, Erina (2016) which discusses 'Language of Children Aged 2-3 Years in the Anime Akachan to Boku by MarimoRagawa.This research is limited to studying semantic acquisition where the researcher collects data from the child's conversation and then from that word the researcher takes the meaning of the words spoken by the child.Research using a semantic approach.
Fourth, Malayu (2010) with the title "Language Acquisition of Two-Year-Old Children".The object of research is a 2 years old child named Mia.Mia's mother's language is Indonesian, an informal variety, even though Mia's father and mother are native speakers of Sundanese.The data collection method in this study used a cassette recorder to record Mia's voice which was done by her father and mother.The result of her research is that Mia (2 years old) can already pronounce vowel phonemes and [y].The consonant phonemes that have not been obtained are [g, f, sy, z, r, x].Can already pronounce two-word utterances.And can already express declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamative sentences.
After describing the research that has been conducted on language acquisition, it appears that no research has been conducted on the language acquisition of 2-year-old Japanese children on the Kimono Mom YouTube channel using a syntactic approach to examine declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamative sentences from the speech of a child named Sutan. .And also used a phonological approach to study speech sounds.The data collection method is the note-taking method which is assisted by subtitles.
Chomsky in Malayu (2010: 309) also mentions that the process of language acquisition in children is when they acquire their first language.Chomsky said that there are two processes that occur when a child acquires his first language.The process in question is the competency process and the performance process.Competence is a process of unconsciously mastering grammar (phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics).This competence is brought by every child from birth.
Although brought from birth, competence requires coaching so that children have performance in language.Performance is the child's ability to use language to communicate.Performance consists of two processes, namely the process of understanding and the process of issuing sentences.The comprehension process involves the ability to observe or perceive the sentences heard, while the publishing process involves the ability to produce their own sentences (Chaer 2003:167).
Japanese is known as a language that is rich in letters, but poor in sound, because the sound in Japanese consists of five vowels, and several consonants followed by these vowels in open syllables.The number of syllables (including vowel sounds) in Japanese is only 102, and there are no closed syllables or words ending in a consonant except for the [N] sound.Besides that, in Japanese there are double consonants and extended vowel sounds (two beats) which function as differentiating meanings (Sutedi, 2003: 26).
A syllable is one of the sound units of a language, in Japanese it is called onsetsu.Most syllables in Japanese are represented by a kana (hiragana or katakana).But there are also syllables denoted by two kana letters such as you'on syllables which are written by combining the kana letters き and ぴ [pi] with the kana letters や[ya], ゆ[yu], and よ[yo ] which is written in small size so that it becomes syllables -syllables [sho], and so on.Syllables in Japanese, especially clearer if they are written in Latin letters, can be divided into several phonemes.These phonemes are in the form of consonants, vowels, and some are in the form of semi-vowels.According to Sudjianto and Dahidi (2009:21-22), syllables in Japanese can be formed from the arrangement of phonemes as follows: a. V (one vowel), i.e. vowels -vowels /a /, /i /, /u /, /e/, and /o/.b.KV (one consonant and one vowel), for example the syllables /ka/, /ki/, /ku/, /ke/, /ko/, /sa/, and so on.c.KSV (one consonant, one semi-vowel, and one vowel), for example the syllables /kya/, /kyu/, /kyo/, /sha/, /shi/, /shu/, /sho/, and so on.d.SV (one semi-vowel and one vowel), namely the syllables /ya/, /yu/, /yo/, and /wa/.
There are 5 vowel sounds (boin) in Japanese, namely and [o].Vowel sounds include voiced sounds (yuuseion), which are sounds produced accompanied by vibrations of the vocal cords.Vowels can be divided based on the position or location of the tongue, how big or small the mouth opens when pronouncing it (Iwabuchi in Sudjianto and Dahidi 2009:28).According to Sutedi (in Malayu, 2018: 30-31) the characteristics of Japanese vowel sounds are as follows: There are two types of classification of consonants (shi-in) in Japanese: (1) classification of consonants based on the type of obstruction or speech organ disorder, and (2) classification of consonants based on the outflow of respiratory air (Iwabuchi in Sudjianto and Dahidi 2009:33).
(1) Classification of consonants based on the type of obstacle, hindrance, obstruction, or speech organ disorder: as well as the consonant ん[N] which is used at the end of words.The first phonemes used in the syllables yes, yu, yo, and wa are also considered consonants.These two consonants in Japanese are called semivowels (hanboin).
Another feature of Japanese sound is the presence of multiple consonants (sokuon).Double consonants as phonemes are denoted by the letter /q/ and occur when followed by the following sound (Koizumi in Sutedi, 2008:240).Table 2. Double Consonants (Sokuon ) Syllables in Japanese are generally depicted with two kana.Yoo'on is formed from a combination of two syllables, namely the syllables and so on (Sudjianto and Dahidi, 2009: 35).
Hatsuon is a nasal sound expressed by hiragana ん or katakana ン, consisting of one consonant sound, not containing a vowel sound.Used in the middle or the end of a word, not used at the beginning of a word.This hiragana ん sound can change into [m], [n], [ɲ], [ŋ], and [N] sounds when influenced by consonant or vowel sounds in the next section (Katoo, in Sudjianto and Dahidi 2009:45).
1. 1. Dare to ikimasu ka?. 'Go with whom ?' 2. Doko de kaimashita ka? 'Where to buy?' Exclamatory sentences are also called exclamatory sentences or sentences made to express a feeling of awe.In Japanese, exclamatory sentences/kandoubun are sentences that function to express feelings (Iwabuchi in Sudjianto and Dahidi, 2009:141).Example: Totemokirei da naa 'It is very beautiful, isn't it?
Based on the formulation of the problem that has been described, it can be seen that the research objectives are (1) Describe how language acquisition in terms of 2 years old children's phonology in Kimono Mom YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4 and (2) Describe how the language acquisition of the syntax of a 2-year-old child in Kimono Mom YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4.
Based on the presentation of the problem formulation and research objectives, there are several benefits in this study.The benefits of this research, namely: (1) Can add new insights and information for the wider community and students, especially for Japanese Literature students who study language acquisition in children aged 2 years.(2) It can be a useful source of scientific knowledge for readers, especially for readers who are interested in knowing more about children's language acquisition in the lives of children aged 0-2 years in Japan.(3) Can be used as reference material for academics and researchers.

METHOD Research Design
This research uses library research and is descriptive qualitative research.Data collection is in the form of words, sentences, statements or in-depth descriptions, not numbers (Moleong, 2011:11).The data is the sound of the child's speech "Sutan" in the "Kimono Mom" YouTube channel.

Survey questionnaire
The data collection technique in this study used the note-taking method.Mahsun (2005: 242), the listening method is a method used to obtain data by observing the use of language.This method has an advanced technique, namely the note-taking technique.Mahsun (2005:243), in this technique, the researcher acts as an observer of the use of language by the informants.The researcher is not directly involved in the events of the speech whose language is being studied.So, the researcher only listened to the dialogue that occurred between the informants.

Data Analysis Procedures
The object of this study is the "Kimono Mom" YouTube channel as a data source.The data that is listened to in this method is in the form of video and audio shows from the "Kimono Mom" YouTube channel and assisted with dialogue subtitles from the video.After listening to the research object, the speech sound data was collected by recording it.The steps of data acquisition carried out are as follows: 1. Listen to the words of a child named Sutan which is contained in the Kimono Mom YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4 by watching the video with the help of dialogue subtitles contained in the video.2. Record every story of a child named Sutan which is found in episodes 1 to 4. 3. Collect references related to research such as books, theses, journals, articles and websites.4. Analyzing every speech of a child named Sutan contained in the Kimono Mom YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4 to find out the development of language acquisition for children aged 2 years in terms of phonology and syntax.5. Make conclusions from the research results.

FINDINGS
The language acquisition under study is language acquisition in terms of phonology and syntax in terms of the speech of a child named Sutan aged 2 years.There are 79 speech data taken from the "Kimono Mom" program, YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4, with the following details: -Episode 1 contains 18 stories with the title "To Hiden Spiritual Plane" The context of the 'Family Travel in Japan' situation.Sutan's story situation with Moe (mother) and Motoki (father) on a family trip in Japan (uploaded Saturday 2 April 2022).Claim data as follows: Episode 2 contains 20 stories in the title "Finally Sutan Wears a Kimono".The context of the 'Christmas Miracle' situation.The situation in the story of Sutan is wearing a kimono by Moe for the first time then having dinner with Moe and Motoki on Christmas Eve (uploaded January 2022).Claim data as follows: Episode 3 has 18 stories in the title "Miso Soymilk Hospot" The context of the "Winter Recipe Japanese Food" situation.Sutan's story with Moe shows how to make miso soymilk.Family favorite winter meal (uploaded December 2021).Claim data as follows: Episode 4 contains 23 stories under the title "Mom's Life in Japan 24 Hours".The context of the 'Just Be Yourself' situation.The situation tells the daily life of a mother named Moe in taking care of her child (Sutan) and her husband (Motoki) (uploaded November 2021).Speech data as follows: 5. Kore yasai to ninjin, kinoko, kebecchu, ninjin to, soshite kore omegi, kebecchu, sarada.'Here's vegetables and, carrots, mushrooms, cabbage and, carrots, then here's cabbage, lettuce.' (episode 3 no 11) Analysis Sutan who was helping his mother put vegetables into the pot to cook miso.
He took the vegetables one by one while mentioning the names of the vegetables he was holding, kore yasai to ninjin, kinoko, kebecchu, ninjin to, soshite kore omegi, kebecchu, sarada.In this quote, it can be seen that Sutan occasionally uses the particle to.
Imperative Sentences are often uttered by Sutan in the form of requests or solicitations and orders.Here are some inviting sentences that Sutan can say in Kimono Mom, YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4: 1. Koe iko 'let's go to the park!' (episode 1 no 3) Analysis Mother asked where they would go after they had breakfast.Sutan answered koeiko 'let's go to the park'.In this sentence, Sutan has not been able to pronounce the particle e.In addition, Sutan is also able to pronounce inviting sentences like ikou.Interrogative sentences or interrogative sentences are often asked by Sutan to the people around him, this is because Sutan is a smart child and has high curiosity.Here are some interrogative sentences that Sutan can already pronounce in Kimono Mom, YouTube channel episodes 1 to 4:

Kaeruzo
1. Tamanegi, kore tamanegi?'Onion, is this onion?' (episode 3 no 12) Analysis In the quote above, Sutan's situation is helping his mother cook.While adding the ingredients one by one, Sutan explained what ingredients were included while showing them in front of the camera.When he held a Japanese onion he asked tamanegi, kore tamanegi?'onion, is this onion?'.In this sentence, Sutan does not use the wa particle after the word kore.
2. Nani?Daijōbu? 'What?Is it okay?' (episode 4 no 16) Analysis Sutan was in the room with his mother, Sutan read a fairy tale before going to bed.When mother was about to close the window suddenly insects entered.Mother screamed, Sutan who was surprised spontaneously said nani? Daijōbu?'what?Are you okay?'.In this sentence, Sutan can already use the sentence to ask what, and ask about the condition of other people (his mother).
3. O-tomodachi?'Friends?' (episode 4 no 16) Analysis Sutan was watching his mother who was frightened because insects had entered the room, and again asked o-tomodachi?'Friend?'.In this quote, Sutan can mention the pattern o in front of a noun which makes the sentence seem polite.
Exclamatory sentences or exclamatory sentences are sentences made to express a feeling of admiration.The following are exclamative sentences that Sutan has been able to pronounce.
1. Oishiso 'It looks delicious' (episode 4 no 4) Analysis In the words of the quote, Mother's situation is preparing dinner.Sutan spontaneously said oishiso 'looks delicious' while looking at the food that was being arranged by mother.In this quote, Sutan seems to admire the food that his mother has cooked.
2. Yoku ganbatte ne.'You did a good job' (episode 4 no 21) Analysis In this quote, the mother's situation has succeeded in expelling the cockroaches that entered the room.His mother hugged Sutan because she was still scared.Sutan returned his mother's hug and said Yoku ganbatte ne 'you did a good job'.From this sentence, Sutan was amazed by the efforts made by the mother in driving away the cockroaches.

DISCUSSION
The process of acquiring a child's first language starts from cooing, bubbling, one-word utterances, two-word, three-word utterances and so on.Language acquisition is related to the development of the child's brain.
The author is fascinated upon seeing Sutan, a child from the YouTube channel "Kimono Mom".Even though Sutan is only 2 years old, he is able to help his mother cook while communicating.Seeing Sutan's intelligence and behavior, the author's desire arose to examine Sutan's language acquisition.
In terms of phonology, there are phonemes that Sutan can already pronounce and some that Sutan cannot pronounce correctly.Likewise in terms of syntax, Sutan is already able to pronounce sentences with various expressions even though the sentences are grammatically incomplete.
Referring to Malayu (2010) which discusses the language acquisition of Indonesian children aged 2 years, it turns out that children's language acquisition occurs according to the stages and it depends on the surrounding environment.
The author hopes to continue the research by comparing the language acquisition of Indonesian children and Japanese children in a more in-depth manner

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of an analysis of the language acquisition of children aged 2 years (Sutan) in "Kimono Mom" YouTube channel in terms of phonology and syntax.In terms of language acquisition, a child named Sutan has mastered the process of acquiring vowel sounds [a], [i], [e], and [o].But he has not been able to perfectly master the process of acquiring the vowel [ɯ] sound.
Sutan is only able to pronounce the vowel [ɯ] with round lips.In addition, Sutan has also mastered the acquisition of bilabial and glottal consonant sounds well.But for dental-alveolar consonants, Sutan cannot pronounce the [ʦu] consonants yet.Then for alveolar-palatal consonants Sutan cannot pronounce the consonant [ʤ] at the beginning of a syllable.Likewise for velar consonants Sutan can already pronounce all velar consonants except [ŋ].While the classification based on the way Sutancan already pronounce everything except africative consonants [ʣ], [ʤ] at the beginning of a syllable.In the special phonemes of Japanese, Sutan has mastered everything except long vowels (cho'on).
Meanwhile, in terms of syntax, Sutan has been able to use declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamative words and sentences.But Sutan still rarely uses particles and sentences spoken by Sutan only come to verbs.
The author hopes that this research can be developed into supra segmental research.This aims to obtain the results of acoustic characteristics, especially for special phonemes (tokushuu onso) so that the duration, intensity and frequency of children's speech can be accurately measured.

Table 6 . The story in the title "Mom's Life in Japan 24 Hours"
Phonological data was taken from 79 speech data, including phrases that said by Susan.The following is the acquisition of vocal phonemes spoken by Sutan. 1. Sutan is already able to pronounce the vowel sound [a] clearly, such as: ありがとう [aɽigato:] 'thank you' (episode 1 no 15) パパ [papa] 'father' (episode 1 no 14).2. Sutan is already able to pronounce the vowel [i] clearly.In this caseSutan has been able to produce words such as:行かないの [ikanai no] 'don't go' (episode 4 no 12)おしまい [oshimai] 'end' (episode 2 no 2).
3. In pronouncing the vowel [ɯ], Sutan has not been able to pronounce it clearly.When pronouncing the vowel [ɯ] both lips still round [u], and the back of the tongue should be raised towards the soft palate.Sutan was able to pronounce it like:あげる [ageɽu] 'give' (episode 1 no 14) and スプ [supu] 'soup' (episode 4 no 6) 4. Sutan is already able to pronounce the vowel sound [e] in the middle and at the end of the syllable.However, there is no data on the use of the phoneme [e] at the beginning of the syllable.Words that can be said areかえる[kaeɽu] 'go home' (episode 1 no 17) and これ [koɽe] 'this' (episode 1 no 16) 5. Sutan is already able to pronounce the vowel sound [o] clearly.Namely the word お話する[ohanasuɽu] 'story' (episode 1 no 10) and おきもの[okimono]

Table 9 . Alveoral -Palatal Consonants
Palatal Consonants.No data was found whether Sutan was able to pronounce the palatal consonants [ҫ] and [ɲ] or not.Meanwhile as for Velar consonants, Sutan can already clearly pronounce velar stops [k], [g], and [N] at the end of syllables.But can't pronounce the consonant sound [ŋ].Words that Sutan can already say are:

Table 10 . Veral Consonants
in the living room singing, saw his mother take a box and put it on the table.He knew the contents of the box were his kimono, he spontaneously said okimono kiru 'wear kimono'.Sutan is already able to use simple command sentences, even though at the end of the word it only reaches the verb.Sutan is already wearing a kimono and showing it off to his father and grandfather.When the kimono was removed, Sutan's grandmother called and said that Grandma really wanted to see Sutan wearing a kimono.At that time Sutan said kiyo, kiyo 'wear, wear' with the intention of asking his mother to put on a kimono again.In this speech, Sutan uses a simple word meaning 'wear' with the aim of ordering/asking his mother to put on a kimono again.5. Hayaku tabete 'eat fast' (episode 4 no 1) Analysis Dad said, after breakfast took me for a jog.Because he couldn't wait to go jogging, Sutan said hayaku tabete 'eat quickly' while smiling.In that sentence, Sutan was able to use simple imperative sentences and these sentences used the te form.