Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia

The Effect of Shading Conditions and Mowing Frequency on Plant Diversity, Productivity, Soil Nitrogen and Mineral, and Mineral Profiles of Dominant Forages of Grazing Pasture

2025-02-17T03:19:05+00:00

The research aimed to study the effect of three different paddock management systems on nitrogen and mineral status of soil, plant diversity, and biomass production and to discuss the potential nutritional effects of macro mineral profiles of dominant forages on grazing cattle. The research was conducted in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 3x4, consisting of 3 paddocks as treatments and four plots as replicates. The pasture was divided into three paddocks based on shading conditions and mowing frequency: P1: unshaded by trees and rarely mowed; P2: unshaded but regularly mowed; and P3: shaded by numerous trees and never mowed. Each paddock was divided into four plots based on plant density, with plant and soil samples collected at 17 sampling points per plot. Measured parameters included botanical composition, dominant species, dry matter, and macro mineral concentration of calcium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, and potassium in the soils and dominant forages. The grazing pasture was inhabited by around 110 native plant species, dominated by Imperata cylindrica (19.6%), Axonopus compressus (16.8%), Mimosa pudica (12.1%), Digitaria sanguinalis (10%), Elephantopus mollis (9.0%), and Euphorbia hirta (8.5%). Biomass production ranged from 110–135 kg/ha/day, with a carrying capacity of 2.5–3.0 AU/ha (significant at p<0.05). Different mowing frequency and shading conditions influenced soil nutrient concentrations, forage diversity, and productivity. Considering requirements for growing cattle, the dominant species had a favorable content in Mg, K, and S but was deficient in P, Na, and Ca. In conclusion, the grazing pasture was populated by diverse native forage plants, and the dominant species were poor in several essential minerals of P, Na, and Ca, which are most likely to limit cattle productivity.

Physiological and Feeding Behavior Responses of Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Under Different Grazing Distances in a Silvopastoral System

2025-02-17T04:02:41+00:00

Mud buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of Indonesia's livestock commodities with a high potential to be developed. However, its utilization has not been optimized to the fullest. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the silvopasture system in improving mud buffalo welfare based on physiological responses and feeding behavior. This study was conducted in Peguyangan Village, Bantarbolang Subdistrict, Central Java Province. Ninety-one buffaloes were observed using a purposive sampling technique grouped by sex and age. Variables observed included grazing distance, environmental temperature and humidity, physiological responses, Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC) values, and feeding behavior. T-test analyzed data. The results showed the highest body temperature (38.08 ˚C) in adult male buffaloes with a grazing distance of 5 km. Buffaloes grazed within an 8 km radius had higher respiration rate (42.48±2.67 bpm) and travel speed (1.14 km/h), with shorter feeding duration (03:18 minute) compared to a 5 km distance (03:57 minute). HTC analysis showed low heat tolerance in both regions. Feeding behavior was observed more frequently in female buffaloes. Silvopasture systems integrated with teak forests can provide adequate nutrition, with grazing distance influencing physiological adaptations.

Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation In Diluent on Fertility Parameters of Different Quality Fresh Bull Sperm

2025-02-17T04:22:29+00:00

This study aimed to determine the effect of vitamin E supplementation on tris-egg yolk diluent using different quality fresh semen. The research material was ejaculated from six Simmental bulls and then classified into standard quality (SQ) and low quality (LQ) according to progressive motility. The research method was experimental with a randomized factorial design (2X5), with the group by fresh semen with 3 replications. The first factor was the quality of fresh semen, while the second factor was the level of vitamin E addition (B0: 0mg/ml; B1: 0.5 mg/ml; B2: 1 mg/ml; B3: 1.5 mg/ml; and B4: 2 mg/ml). After thawing, the observation parameters were motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and MDA levels. The result shows that the quality of fresh semen has a very significant effect (p<0.01) on the motility of frozen semen (66.28±8.66%) and a significant impact (p<0.05) on the plasma membrane integrity (91.31±2.87%). The use of vitamin E at 1 mg/ml showed the best results on motility (66.11±7.64%), viability (70.19±12.13), abnormality (12.00±3.13), and MDA (2.11±0.77). This study concludes that adding vitamin E to the diluent can increase motility, viability, and plasma membrane integrity while reducing abnormality and MDA levels. Low-quality fresh semen can be processed into frozen semen after adding vitamin E. The best level of vitamin E addition is 1 mg/ml.

Effect of Vitamin A and Magnesium Supplementation on Consumption and Digestibility of Dry Matter and Organic Matter in Lamb

2024-12-21T06:48:48+00:00

A study to determine the effect of vitamin A and magnesium supplementation on Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) and Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) in lamb. The research was conducted experimentally using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) using 18 rams local aged 7 - 8 months with an average initial body weight of 20 kg ± 2.38 kg. The feed was given at 4% Dry Matter (DM) of body weight with a ratio of ammoniated rice straw and concentrate of 25%:75%. The treatments tested were T0 (control), T1 (25% ammoniated rice straw, 75% concentrate, plus 2000 IU of vitamin A), and T2 (25% ammoniated rice straw, 75% concentrate, plus 2000 IU of vitamin A, plus 1 gram of magnesium). The results of the variance of the analysis showed that the treatment of vitamin A and Magnesium administration had a real effect (p<0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter, while other variables were not accurate. The average digestibility of organic matter was T0 at 91.49%, T1 at 91.19%, and T2 at 92.24%. T2 was the treatment with the highest digestibility, with a difference of 2.75% from the control treatment. After the Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) and Variance of Analysis test, the next test used Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). Vitamin A and Magnesium supplementation affected the digestibility of organic matter by 2.75% higher than the control treatment.

External Characterization of Female Bali Cattle Populations In Gorontalo, Indonesia

2024-12-22T13:40:48+00:00

The study aims to characterize female Bali cattle morphometric and phenotype in the Bone Raya sub-district, Bone Bolango district, Gorontalo, Indonesia. The research was conducted at four locations (Alo, Mootayu, Mootawa, and Mootinelo villages) from January to April 2023. A total of 64 Bali cattle aged 4-8 years were used in this study. The method used was direct sampling, which examined the qualitative and quantitative characteristics. The analytical methods used were descriptive analysis and qualitative analysis. The results show that the body length of female Bali cattle has an average of 104.75 cm, chest circumference has an average of 150.67 cm and a standard deviation of 8.72, the body height of female Bali cattle in this study had a minimum average of 80.75 cm, a maximum average of 144.25. The body colors consisted of brick red, brown, and yellowish brown. The horn shapes were U-shaped, curved backward, and curved downward. Vulva's color was black. Eel lines consist of thick, medium back lines and thin back lines. Further development of Bali cattle was required to improve production and reproductive performance so that performance could be the same as that of Bali cattle in their native region.

Correlation Between Egg Production Performance of Sikumbang Jonti Ducks as a Selection Method in Smallholder Farms

2025-02-18T01:13:34+00:00

This study aims to determine the diversity and correlation of egg production performance in Sikumbang Jonti ducks as a basis for making selection decisions. The materials used were 47 female Sikumbang Jonti ducks. In the production phase, Sikumbang Jonti ducks were intensively reared in individual battery cages for 24 weeks. The observed variables were body weight (g), age at first laying (days), egg production (eggs), and egg weight (g). Data on body weight, age at first laying, total egg production, and egg weight were analyzed descriptively by calculating the mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, minimum value, and maximum value. Furthermore, data on body weight, age at first laying, egg production, and egg weight were also analyzed for correlation to see the direction and relationship between variables. The results of this study were that Sikumbang Jonti ducks have an average body weight of 1299g, age at first egg laying of 170.19 days, average total egg production of 36.62 eggs, and average egg weight of 59.06g. The diversity of body weight, age at first egg laying, and egg weight of Sikumbang Jonti ducks are moderate, while the diversity of egg production is high. The diversity of body weight, age at first laying, and egg weight of Sikumbang Jonti ducks are included in moderate diversity. In contrast, the diversity of egg production is included in high diversity. Based on the correlation of body weight, age at first laying, egg production, and egg weight of Sikumbang Jonti ducks, age at first laying is the selection variable that can be used as a good predictor of egg production performance. In conclusion, the study results show that a longer age of first laying can be used as a selection variable to increase the production and egg weight of Sikumbang Jonti ducks.

Effectiveness of Ethanol Extract of Teak Leaf and Abdominal Chicken Oil in Extending the Shelf Life of Table Eggs

2025-02-21T11:15:55+00:00

Eggs are nutritious livestock products and are easily digested by the human body. The nutrients contained include minerals, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. This research was conducted to determine the effect of using teak leaf extract and chicken abdominal fat on weight loss, air cell, yolk, and albumen quality during storage. The treatments were divided into 4, namely P0 (control), P1 (teak leaf extract), P2 (chicken abdominal oil), and P3 (teak leaf extract and chicken abdominal oil). This research was conducted for 20 days. The data was analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with two factors, four treatments, and three replications. This research used Duncan's Multiple Range Test to test the different treatments. The results show significant differences (P<0.05) in egg weight loss, air cell, yolk index, albumen pH, yolk pH, albumen water content, and haugh unit. The best treatment after the 20th day of storage is P3 treatment. These results indicate that the combination treatment of teak leaf extract and chicken abdominal oil can be used as an egg storage technology.

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor) Based on Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Sequence

2025-02-19T03:22:21+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) population through mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequencing. The findings provide valuable insights into the conservation status of this vulnerable species in the region and inform future management strategies for Cervus unicolor. Blood samples from 10 individual sambar deer, consisting of 8 females and two male deer, were amplified using PCR and then sequenced. Data analysis of the genetic diversity of sambar deer was carried out using the genome sequencing method from NCBI, Bioedit 7.7.1 software, DNAsp 5.1, and MEGA 11 Software. The results of this study were that the DNA concentration test in sambar deer had an average of 12.375 ng/uL, with an average DNA purity test = 1.34, with 10 samples divided into 3 haplotypes. The level of genetic diversity of sambar deer from all samples is π = 0.01745 ± 0.00380, and haplotype diversity of Hd = 1,000 ± 0.045. Based on the phylogenetic tree, there are two parts: the Asian and Kalimantan regions. The conclusion of the current study showed that sequencing analysis of Sambar deer shows relatively high diversity and is a reasonable basis for performance selection and development of modern Sambar deer breeding.

Detection of Genetic Diversity of Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor) Using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Molecular Markers

2025-02-19T03:21:51+00:00

The Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) is a species facing the threat of population decline due to poaching. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of Sambar Deer from East Kalimantan using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular marker with primers P01 and P02. There were 10 sambar deer, eight females and two males, from Pembibitan Ternak dan Hijuan Pakan Ternak, Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein using an EDTA project tube. The samples were processed through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis to detect polymorphism patterns. This research showed a DNA average purity of 1.382 and an average concentration of 13.205; primer P01 produced three haplotype diversity, and primer P02 produced two haplotype diversity. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values were 0.632 for primer P01 and 0.304 for primer P02. Dendrogram analysis revealed three population clusters based on genetic diversity. The conclusion indicates polymorphism, with primer P01 showing higher polymorphism than primer P02.

Development of Digitalization Strategies for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Layer Poultry Farming in Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency

2025-03-19T16:32:42+00:00

This research was conducted to ensure that entrepreneurs engaged in egg-laying chicken farming in Tolitoli Regency, particularly in Baolan District, can effectively implement digital marketing strategies based on websites, which constitute the primary outcome of this study. An examination of the Tolitoli Regency area reveals its status as the outermost region in Indonesia, presenting a strategic opportunity for the local government to enhance the marketing efforts of SMEs. This endeavour is crucial for improving the community's economy and supporting the government's initiatives aimed at optimising the digital economy through focused research. Moreover, it represents a significant step towards addressing the development of Industrial Revolution 5.0 in Indonesia's outermost communities. This research aims to design a digital marketing strategy for the IKM website, explicitly targeting egg-laying chicken farms in Baolan District, Tolitoli Regency. The investigation was conducted directly at one of the Zoeya Berkah laying hen farms in Baolan District. The research employs the waterfall method, which entails analysis, design, development, and testing. The outcome of this research is the creation of an online sales platform for Zoeya Berkah laying hens, presented as a website that streamlines sales and marketing processes. Named Zoeya Online, this platform serves as a medium connecting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with consumers. This Business-to-Customer website offers customisation features that enable users to tailor products to their preferences, along with a purchase history that simplifies transaction tracking. Additionally, the website provides information regarding the benefits of our products and the various types of eggs available. With this platform, consumers find it easier to purchase products and are increasingly inclined to buy eggs from the Zoeya Berkah laying hen business, particularly those residing outside Baolan District.