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Abstract
Latar Belakang: penyakit infeksi sering dijumpai pada wilayah dengan cuaca panas, basah, serta status ekonomi yang rendah. Salah satu bakteri yang menyebabkan infeksis ialah Staphylococcus aureus. Antibioik eritromisin yang digunakan untuk mengobati infeksi memiliki berbagai efek samping. Pemanfaatan tanaman obat merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Daun tanaman nusa indah merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Penggunaan daun tersebut dengan cara menumbuk daun dan ditempelkan di bagain kulit yang terinfeksi, namun belum dilatar belakangi studi ilmiah.
Metode: Ekstraksi daun tanaman nusa indah sebelumnya dilakukan pengujian fitokima. Selanjutnya, dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dan dilarutkan dengan akuades. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan Uji Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Setelah dilakukan uji MIC kemudian dilakukan pengujian efektivitas. Parameter yang digunakan ialah besarnya zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar kertas cakram, dan Kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah larutan antibiotik Eritromisin 50 µg/ml untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
Hasil: Hasil pengujian fitokimia didapatkan metabolit sekunder positif ialah flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid. Hasil pengujian MIC didapatkan bahwa ekstrak daun tanaman nusa indah memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aures. Dari analisis statistik pengujian ANOVA ekstrak daun tanaman nusa indah dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus memiliki nilai Fhitung > Ftabel dengan nilai α = 0,05 dan kemudian diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan dan didapatkan zona hambat yang efektif dalam menghambat Staphylococcus aureus yaitu pada konsentrasi 75% (E5).
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak daun tanaman nusa indah ( Mussaenda pubescens ait.f ) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhn bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
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References
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- Dewi, F. K. 2010. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Bakteri Pembusuk Daging Segar. Surakarta:UMS.
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References
Landrum, M.L., Neumann, C., Cook, C., Ellis, M.W., Murray, C. K. T., Chukwuma, U., et al.,. Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Blood and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in the US Military Health System 2005-2010. American Medical Association. 2012. 308, hal. 50–59.
Chen, C. dan Huang, Y.,. New epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infection in Asia. European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases. European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2014. 20(7), hal. 605–623.
Jawetz ,E. M., dan Adelberg’s. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran. Jakarta; Salemba Medika: Mc. 2013
Salim, H. H. U. Pengaruh Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif (Staphylococcus aureus ) dan Gram Negatif (Escherichia coli ) secara In Vitro. 2016.
Cushnie, T. P. T., dan , A. J,. Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2005. 26(5), hal. 343–356.
Wijayakusuma, H., Dalimartha, S., Wirian, A. S. Tanaman Berkhasiat Obat di a Jilid ll. Jakarta: Pustaka Kartini. 1997.
Gunasekaran, S. Review Article The genus Mussaenda : A phytopharmacological review. School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, 7(7), 2015. hal. 1037–1042.
Brooks GF, S.J., Butel dan A.S., Morse., Medical microbiology. International Edition. 22nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. 2001.
Madduluri, Suresh. Rao, K.Babu. Sitaram, B., In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Five Indegenous Plants Extract Against Five Bacterial Pathogens of Human. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013.5(4), hal. 679-684.
Sanja SD, Sheth NR, Patel NK, Patel D, Patel B. Characterization and evaluation, of antioxidant activity of Portulaca oleracea. Rajkot: B. K Mody Government Pharmacy College. 2009.
Trease,G.E., dan Evans, W.C., Phytochemicals. In: Pharmacognosy. 15th ed. London: Saunders Publishers. 2002.
Traore, F., Faaurer, R., Olivier, E., Gasquet, M., Azas, N., Debrauwer, L., Keita,A., Timon-David, P., dan Balansard, G., Structure and Antiprotozoal Activity of Triterpenoid Saponins from Glinus Opositifolius. Planta Medica, 2000. 6. pp. 363-371
Dewi, F. K. 2010. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Bakteri Pembusuk Daging Segar. Surakarta:UMS.
Permatasari, G.A.A.A., Besung, I.N.K., Mahatmi, H. Daya Hambat Perasan Daun Sirsak Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli (The Inhibitory Power Of Soursop Leaf Juice On Escherichia Coli Bacteria Growth). Bali: FK Udayana. 2013.