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Abstract
Tanaman selada air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) merupakan tumbuhan yang menarik untuk dipelajari. Tumbuhan ini berasal dari Eropa dan Asia, dan sering dikonsumsi sebagai sayuran atau dalam salad karena kandungan nutrisinya yang kaya. Selada air juga dapat ditemukan di dataran tinggi Indonesia. Tanaman ini merupakan contoh tanaman hidroponik yang tumbuh tanpa media tanah, dan pertumbuhannya dipengaruhi oleh nutrisi, tingkat keasaman, dan suhu media air. Variasi lingkungan tempat tumbuh juga mempengaruhi kandungan senyawa kimia yang dihasilkan oleh tanaman selada air. Adanya kandungan kimia seperti flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid dan steroid yang dapat ditemukan dengan uji fitokimia. Ekstrak selada air menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dan kandungan flavonoid yang tinggi. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan kandungan saponin sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa selada air mengandung senyawa seperti phenethyl isothiocyanate, isotiosianat, kaemferol glikosida, dan l-triptofan yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antikanker. Selada air juga dapat digunakan untuk mengobati tuberkulosis dan diabetes. Sehingga hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa selada air mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, fenolik, alkaloid, saponin, triterpenoid, dan steroid, serta menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan dan antikanker dengan IC50 yang cukup tinggi. Aktivitas antioksidan selada air tergolong sedang hingga tinggi, mendukung potensinya sebagai tanaman antikanker. Aktivitas antioksidan selada air bahkan lebih tinggi daripada Vitamin C. Dengan mengandung metabolit sekunder ini, selada air dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan farmasi dalam pengobatan.
Kata Kunci : selada air, antioksidan, antikanker
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How to Cite
LITERATURE REVIEW: POTENSI SELADA AIR SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DAN ANTIKANKER. (2024). Jurnal Kedokteran Raflesia, 10(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.33369/juke.v10i1.35775
References
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Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor : 381/Menkes/SK/III/2007; 2007.
[2] Yeshi K, Crayn D, Ritmejerytė E, Wangchuk P. Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in
Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product
Development. Molecules 2022;27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010313.
[3] Panahi Kokhdan E, Khodabandehloo H, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. A Narrative Review
on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2021;2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516450.
[4] Rahmayani D, Sari D, Gizi P, Ilmu Kesehatan F, Sulawesi Barat U. Uji Kadar Senyawa
Flavonoid Dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Selada Air (Nasturtium Officinale R.Br)
Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. 2017.
[5] Purnawirawan O, Afirianto T. IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA FUZZI MAMDANI PADA SISTEM
PAKAR MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE APLIKASI MATLAB R2007b, STUDI KASUS: TANAMAN
HIDROPONIK SELADA AIR 2023;10:1437–46. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2023107977.
[6] Fitriani A, Vandian Nur A, Santika Rahmasari K. Prosiding 16 th Urecol: Seri MIPA dan
Kesehatan. n.d.
[7] Zahro F, Rosdiana L, Roqobih FD. Ekorestorasi Perairan menggunakan Tanaman Selada air
(Nasturtium officinale) untuk mengendalikan Polusi berbasis Rhizofiltration Technology 2023.
https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.V7i3.229-238.
[8] Sarker SD LZ& GA. Natural Products Isolation. Humana Press, Inc 6 2006.
[9] Amanda KT, Raharjo SJ. Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kombinasi Air-Etanol Pada Simplisia
Selada Air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br). PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian Dan Gizi
2022;1:40–6. https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.13.
[10] Sa’adah H, Nurhasnawati H. PERBANDINGAN PELARUT ETANOL DAN AIR PADA
PEMBUATAN EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine americana Merr)
MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASERASI. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 2017;1:149–53.
https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i2.27.
[11] Rahman DR, Rimbawan R, Madanijah S, Purwaningsih S. Potensi selada air (Nasturtium
officinale R. Br) sebagai antioksidan dan agen anti proliferasi terhadap sel MCF-7 secara in
vitro. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan 2017;12:217–24. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2017.12.3.217-224.
[12] Neldawati, Ratnawulan, Gusnedi. Analisis Nilai Absorbansi dalam Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid
untuk Berbagai Jenis Daun Tanaman Obat. vol. 2. 2013.
[13] Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 2016;5:e47.https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41.
[14] Ma X, Ding Q, Hou X, You X. Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Watercress (Nasturtium
officinale R. Br.) and the Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis cv.
Aijiaohuang) Using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2021;26:5825.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195825.
[15] Ferreira M-JU. Alkaloids in Future Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022;27:1347.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041347.
[16] Mugford ST, Osbourn A. Saponin Synthesis and Function. Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and
Microorganisms, New York, NY: Springer New York; 2012, p. 405–24.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4063-5_28.
[17] Shi J, Arunasalam K, Yeung D, Kakuda Y, Mittal G, Jiang Y. Saponins from Edible Legumes:
Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits. J Med Food 2004;7:67–78.
https://doi.org/10.1089/109662004322984734.
[18] Himyatul H, Fatmawati F, Khairunnisa J, Hestina Putri M, Farmasi F, Buana Perjuangan
Karawang U. Triterpenoid Sebagai Senyawa Antikanker. Journal Of Social Science Research
2023;3:10168–83.
[19] Ratna Asmah Susidarti dan. ISOLASI SENYAWA STEROID DARI KUKIT AKAR SENGGUGU
(Clerodendrum serratum L.Moon). vol. 6. 2017.
[20] Hasyim Ibroham M, Jamilatun S, Dyah Kumalasari I, Dahlan A. A REVIEW: POTENSI
TUMBUHAN-TUMBUHAN DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI. 2022.
[21] Amanda KT, Raharjo SJ. Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kombinasi Air-Etanol Pada Simplisia
Selada Air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br). PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian Dan Gizi
2022;1:40–6. https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.13.
[22] Iva Amalina Putri Sulaiman N, Bagus Pambudi D, Waznah U. Lotion Antioxidant Extract of
Watercress Herb (Nasturtium Officinale r. Br) Using Beta Carotene Bleaching (BCB). n.d.
[23] P.A. Rajalakshmi, S. Agalyaa. Docking analysis of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) from
nasturtium officinale (watercress), on 4 - (methylnitrosamino) -1-(3 - pyridyl) - 1- butanone (NNK),
carcinogenic action in oral cancer. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2010.
[24] Bhullar SK, Özsel BK, Yadav R, Kaur G, Chintamaneni M, Buttar HS. Antibacterial activity of
combination of synthetic and biopolymer non-woven structures. J Complement Integr Med
2015;12:289–94. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2015-0027.
[25] Panahi Kokhdan E, Khodabandehloo H, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. A Narrative Review
on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2021;2021:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516450.
References
[1] Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Kebijakan Obat Tradisional Nasional. Keputusan
Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor : 381/Menkes/SK/III/2007; 2007.
[2] Yeshi K, Crayn D, Ritmejerytė E, Wangchuk P. Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in
Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product
Development. Molecules 2022;27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010313.
[3] Panahi Kokhdan E, Khodabandehloo H, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. A Narrative Review
on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2021;2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516450.
[4] Rahmayani D, Sari D, Gizi P, Ilmu Kesehatan F, Sulawesi Barat U. Uji Kadar Senyawa
Flavonoid Dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Selada Air (Nasturtium Officinale R.Br)
Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. 2017.
[5] Purnawirawan O, Afirianto T. IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA FUZZI MAMDANI PADA SISTEM
PAKAR MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE APLIKASI MATLAB R2007b, STUDI KASUS: TANAMAN
HIDROPONIK SELADA AIR 2023;10:1437–46. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2023107977.
[6] Fitriani A, Vandian Nur A, Santika Rahmasari K. Prosiding 16 th Urecol: Seri MIPA dan
Kesehatan. n.d.
[7] Zahro F, Rosdiana L, Roqobih FD. Ekorestorasi Perairan menggunakan Tanaman Selada air
(Nasturtium officinale) untuk mengendalikan Polusi berbasis Rhizofiltration Technology 2023.
https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.V7i3.229-238.
[8] Sarker SD LZ& GA. Natural Products Isolation. Humana Press, Inc 6 2006.
[9] Amanda KT, Raharjo SJ. Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kombinasi Air-Etanol Pada Simplisia
Selada Air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br). PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian Dan Gizi
2022;1:40–6. https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.13.
[10] Sa’adah H, Nurhasnawati H. PERBANDINGAN PELARUT ETANOL DAN AIR PADA
PEMBUATAN EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine americana Merr)
MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASERASI. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 2017;1:149–53.
https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i2.27.
[11] Rahman DR, Rimbawan R, Madanijah S, Purwaningsih S. Potensi selada air (Nasturtium
officinale R. Br) sebagai antioksidan dan agen anti proliferasi terhadap sel MCF-7 secara in
vitro. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan 2017;12:217–24. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2017.12.3.217-224.
[12] Neldawati, Ratnawulan, Gusnedi. Analisis Nilai Absorbansi dalam Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid
untuk Berbagai Jenis Daun Tanaman Obat. vol. 2. 2013.
[13] Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 2016;5:e47.https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41.
[14] Ma X, Ding Q, Hou X, You X. Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Watercress (Nasturtium
officinale R. Br.) and the Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis cv.
Aijiaohuang) Using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2021;26:5825.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195825.
[15] Ferreira M-JU. Alkaloids in Future Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022;27:1347.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041347.
[16] Mugford ST, Osbourn A. Saponin Synthesis and Function. Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and
Microorganisms, New York, NY: Springer New York; 2012, p. 405–24.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4063-5_28.
[17] Shi J, Arunasalam K, Yeung D, Kakuda Y, Mittal G, Jiang Y. Saponins from Edible Legumes:
Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits. J Med Food 2004;7:67–78.
https://doi.org/10.1089/109662004322984734.
[18] Himyatul H, Fatmawati F, Khairunnisa J, Hestina Putri M, Farmasi F, Buana Perjuangan
Karawang U. Triterpenoid Sebagai Senyawa Antikanker. Journal Of Social Science Research
2023;3:10168–83.
[19] Ratna Asmah Susidarti dan. ISOLASI SENYAWA STEROID DARI KUKIT AKAR SENGGUGU
(Clerodendrum serratum L.Moon). vol. 6. 2017.
[20] Hasyim Ibroham M, Jamilatun S, Dyah Kumalasari I, Dahlan A. A REVIEW: POTENSI
TUMBUHAN-TUMBUHAN DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI. 2022.
[21] Amanda KT, Raharjo SJ. Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kombinasi Air-Etanol Pada Simplisia
Selada Air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br). PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian Dan Gizi
2022;1:40–6. https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.13.
[22] Iva Amalina Putri Sulaiman N, Bagus Pambudi D, Waznah U. Lotion Antioxidant Extract of
Watercress Herb (Nasturtium Officinale r. Br) Using Beta Carotene Bleaching (BCB). n.d.
[23] P.A. Rajalakshmi, S. Agalyaa. Docking analysis of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) from
nasturtium officinale (watercress), on 4 - (methylnitrosamino) -1-(3 - pyridyl) - 1- butanone (NNK),
carcinogenic action in oral cancer. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2010.
[24] Bhullar SK, Özsel BK, Yadav R, Kaur G, Chintamaneni M, Buttar HS. Antibacterial activity of
combination of synthetic and biopolymer non-woven structures. J Complement Integr Med
2015;12:289–94. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2015-0027.
[25] Panahi Kokhdan E, Khodabandehloo H, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. A Narrative Review
on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2021;2021:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516450.
Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor : 381/Menkes/SK/III/2007; 2007.
[2] Yeshi K, Crayn D, Ritmejerytė E, Wangchuk P. Plant Secondary Metabolites Produced in
Response to Abiotic Stresses Has Potential Application in Pharmaceutical Product
Development. Molecules 2022;27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010313.
[3] Panahi Kokhdan E, Khodabandehloo H, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. A Narrative Review
on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2021;2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516450.
[4] Rahmayani D, Sari D, Gizi P, Ilmu Kesehatan F, Sulawesi Barat U. Uji Kadar Senyawa
Flavonoid Dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Selada Air (Nasturtium Officinale R.Br)
Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Vis. 2017.
[5] Purnawirawan O, Afirianto T. IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA FUZZI MAMDANI PADA SISTEM
PAKAR MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE APLIKASI MATLAB R2007b, STUDI KASUS: TANAMAN
HIDROPONIK SELADA AIR 2023;10:1437–46. https://doi.org/10.25126/jtiik.2023107977.
[6] Fitriani A, Vandian Nur A, Santika Rahmasari K. Prosiding 16 th Urecol: Seri MIPA dan
Kesehatan. n.d.
[7] Zahro F, Rosdiana L, Roqobih FD. Ekorestorasi Perairan menggunakan Tanaman Selada air
(Nasturtium officinale) untuk mengendalikan Polusi berbasis Rhizofiltration Technology 2023.
https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.V7i3.229-238.
[8] Sarker SD LZ& GA. Natural Products Isolation. Humana Press, Inc 6 2006.
[9] Amanda KT, Raharjo SJ. Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kombinasi Air-Etanol Pada Simplisia
Selada Air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br). PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian Dan Gizi
2022;1:40–6. https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.13.
[10] Sa’adah H, Nurhasnawati H. PERBANDINGAN PELARUT ETANOL DAN AIR PADA
PEMBUATAN EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine americana Merr)
MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASERASI. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung 2017;1:149–53.
https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v1i2.27.
[11] Rahman DR, Rimbawan R, Madanijah S, Purwaningsih S. Potensi selada air (Nasturtium
officinale R. Br) sebagai antioksidan dan agen anti proliferasi terhadap sel MCF-7 secara in
vitro. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan 2017;12:217–24. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2017.12.3.217-224.
[12] Neldawati, Ratnawulan, Gusnedi. Analisis Nilai Absorbansi dalam Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid
untuk Berbagai Jenis Daun Tanaman Obat. vol. 2. 2013.
[13] Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci 2016;5:e47.https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41.
[14] Ma X, Ding Q, Hou X, You X. Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Watercress (Nasturtium
officinale R. Br.) and the Non-Heading Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis cv.
Aijiaohuang) Using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2021;26:5825.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195825.
[15] Ferreira M-JU. Alkaloids in Future Drug Discovery. Molecules 2022;27:1347.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041347.
[16] Mugford ST, Osbourn A. Saponin Synthesis and Function. Isoprenoid Synthesis in Plants and
Microorganisms, New York, NY: Springer New York; 2012, p. 405–24.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4063-5_28.
[17] Shi J, Arunasalam K, Yeung D, Kakuda Y, Mittal G, Jiang Y. Saponins from Edible Legumes:
Chemistry, Processing, and Health Benefits. J Med Food 2004;7:67–78.
https://doi.org/10.1089/109662004322984734.
[18] Himyatul H, Fatmawati F, Khairunnisa J, Hestina Putri M, Farmasi F, Buana Perjuangan
Karawang U. Triterpenoid Sebagai Senyawa Antikanker. Journal Of Social Science Research
2023;3:10168–83.
[19] Ratna Asmah Susidarti dan. ISOLASI SENYAWA STEROID DARI KUKIT AKAR SENGGUGU
(Clerodendrum serratum L.Moon). vol. 6. 2017.
[20] Hasyim Ibroham M, Jamilatun S, Dyah Kumalasari I, Dahlan A. A REVIEW: POTENSI
TUMBUHAN-TUMBUHAN DI INDONESIA SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN ALAMI. 2022.
[21] Amanda KT, Raharjo SJ. Potensi Antioksidan Ekstrak Kombinasi Air-Etanol Pada Simplisia
Selada Air (Nasturtium officinale R. Br). PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian Dan Gizi
2022;1:40–6. https://doi.org/10.54445/pharmademica.v1i2.13.
[22] Iva Amalina Putri Sulaiman N, Bagus Pambudi D, Waznah U. Lotion Antioxidant Extract of
Watercress Herb (Nasturtium Officinale r. Br) Using Beta Carotene Bleaching (BCB). n.d.
[23] P.A. Rajalakshmi, S. Agalyaa. Docking analysis of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) from
nasturtium officinale (watercress), on 4 - (methylnitrosamino) -1-(3 - pyridyl) - 1- butanone (NNK),
carcinogenic action in oral cancer. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 2010.
[24] Bhullar SK, Özsel BK, Yadav R, Kaur G, Chintamaneni M, Buttar HS. Antibacterial activity of
combination of synthetic and biopolymer non-woven structures. J Complement Integr Med
2015;12:289–94. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2015-0027.
[25] Panahi Kokhdan E, Khodabandehloo H, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. A Narrative Review
on Therapeutic Potentials of Watercress in Human Disorders. Evidence-Based Complementary
and Alternative Medicine 2021;2021:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5516450.