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Abstract
The Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus caused extraordinary incidents in several countries, especially Asia, Africa, and Europe. The disease's fatality rate caused by the H5N1 virus reaches 60%. This incident raised concerns about a wider HPAI H5N1 virus pandemic if effective human-to-human transmission occurred. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) calls on all countries to prepare themselves for a pandemic that may occur. One of the strategies in preparation for this pandemic is to develop a vaccine. So far, vaccines are effective in disease prevention efforts because they can work to trigger a natural immune response and induce a memory response against the pathogen in question. Several strategies are needed to develop an effective influenza vaccine in carrying out vaccine development research and in-depth understanding of (i) virology, (ii) virus life cycle, (iii) host immune response to infection, (iv) pathology, and (v) HPAI H5N1 vaccine development strategy. Until now, many HPAI H5N1 vaccines have been developed, from vaccines developed using conventional methods to alternative vaccines using more modern methods. The results of the development of the vaccine are expected to provide provisions for a possible pandemic caused by the HPAI H5N1 virus.
Keywords : Influenza, virus, vaccine
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DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA VACCINE FOR PANDEMIC INFLUENZA PREPAREDNESS: A REVIEW. (2024). Jurnal Kedokteran Raflesia, 10(1), 24–45. https://doi.org/10.33369/juke.v10i1.35776
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Microbiol Rev. 2006;19(4):614-36.
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sequences of influenza A viruses, avian, and human as vaccine target. Plose One.
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Jimenez GS, Planchon R, Wei Q, Rusalov D, Geall A, Enas J. VaxvectinTM formulated influenza DNA
vaccines encoding NP and M2 viral proteins protect mice against lethal viral challenge. Hum Vac.
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pandemic. Bull Hist Med 2002;76:105-15.
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Kang S-M, Song J-M, Quan F-S, Compans RW. Influenza vaccines based on virus-like particles. Virus
Res. 2009;143(2):140-6.
Kang S-M, Yoo D-G, Lipatov AS, Song J-M, Davis CT, et al. Induction of long-term protective immune
responses by influenza H5N1 virus-like particles. Plos One. 2009;4(3): e4667
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cold-adapted H5N1 influenza virus vaccines in healthy adults. Vaccine. 2009;27:4953-60.
Khodihalli S, Goto H, Kobasa DL, Krauss S, Kawaoka Y, Webster. DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin
provides protective immunity against H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice. J Virol.
1999;73(3):2094-8.
Khurana S, Wu J, Verma N, Verma S, Raghunandan R, Manischewitz J, et al. H5N1 virus-like particle
vaccine elicits cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies that prefentially binds to the oligomeric form
of influenza virus hemagglutinin in humans. J Virol. 2011;85(21):10945-54.
Kodihalli S, Kobasa DL, Webster RG. Strategies for inducing protection against avian inflluenza A virus
subtype with DNA vaccines. Vaccine.2000;18:2592-99.
Kreijtz JHCM, Suezer Y, de Mutsert G, van Amerongen G, Schnierle BS, Kuiken T. Preclinical evaluation
of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine against influenza A/H5N1 viruses.
Vaccine. 2009;27:6296-9.
Kutzler MA, Weiner DB. DNA vaccines: ready prime time? Nat Rev. 2008;9:776-88.
Kyriakis CS, de Vleeschauwer A, Barbe F, Bublot M, van Reeth K. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy
of poxvirus-based vector vaccines expressing the haemaglutinin gene of a highly pathogenic H5N1
avian influenza in pigs. Vaccine. 2009;27:2258-64.
Lalor PA, Webby RJ, Morrow J, Rusalov D, Kaslow DC, Rolland A, et al. Plasmid DNA-based vaccines
protect mice and ferrets against lethal challenge with A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) influenza virus. J
Infect Dis. 2008;197:1643-52
Landry N, Ward BJ, Tre'panier S, Montomoli E, Dargis M, et al. (2010) Preclinical and Clinical
Development of Plant-Made Virus-Like Particle Vaccine against Avian H5N1 Influenza. Plos One.
2010;5(12): e15559.
Lekcharoensuk P, Wiriyarat W, Petcharat N, Lekcharoensuk C, Auewarakul P, Richt JA. Clone. Cloned
cDNA of A/swine/Iowa/15/1930 internal genes as a candidate backbone for reverse genetics
vaccine against influenza A viruses. Vaccine. 2012. 30(8):1453-9.
Levie K, Roels IL, Hoppenbrouwers K, Kervyn A-D, Vandermeulen C, Forgus S, et al. An adjuvanted,
low dose, pandemic influenza A (H5N1) vaccine candidate is safe, immunogenic, and induces
cross-reactive immune responses in healthy adults. J Infec Dis. 2008;198:642-9.
Luke CJ, Subbarao K. Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza. Emerg Infec Dis. 2006;12(1):66-72.
Luo M, Tao P, Li J, Zhou S, Guo D, Pan Z. Immunization with plasmid DNA encoding influenza A virus
nucleoprotein fused to a tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence elicits strong immune
responses and protection against H5N1 challenge in mice. J Virol Method. 2008;154:121-27.
Nicolson C, Major D, Wood JM, Robertson JS. Generation of influenza vaccine viruses on Vero cells by
reverse genetics: an H5N1 candidate vaccine strain produced under a quality system. Vaccine.
2005;23:2943-52.
Pearce MB, Belser JA, Gustin KM, Pappas C, Houser KV, Sun X, et al. Seasonal trivalen inactivated
influenza vaccine protects against 1918 Spanish influenza virus infection in ferrets. J Virol.
2012;86(13):7118-25.
Peiris JSM, Cheung CY, Leung CYH, Nicholls JM. Innate immune responses to influenza A H5N1: friend
or foe? Trends Immunol. 2009;30:574-84.
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adjuvanted influenza A/Duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) vaccine: a potential priming strategy. J Infec
Dis. 2005;191:1210-5.
Stephenson I, Democratis J. Influenza: current threat from avian influenza. British Med Bulletin.
2006;75&76:63-80.
Subbarao K, Chen H, Swayne D, Mingay L, Fodor E, Brownlee G, et al. Evaluation of genetically
modified reassortant H5N1 influenza A virus vaccine candidate generated by plasmid-based
reverse genetics. Virology. 2003;305:192-200.
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Immunity. 2006;24:5-9.
Suguitan Jr. ALS, McAuliffe J, Mills KL, Jin H, Duke G, Lu B, et al. Live, attenuated influenza vaccines
provide broad cross-protection in mice and ferrets. Plos Med. 2006; 3:1541-54.
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Viral zone: H5N1 subtype. Available from http://viralzone.expasy.org
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against influenza viruses, including subtype H5N1. Emerg Infec Dis. 2007;13(3):426-35.
Toro H, Tang DC, Suarez DL, Syltec MJ, Pfeiffer J, van Kampen KR. Protective avian influenza in ovo
vaccinationwith non-replicating human adenovirus vector. Vaccine. 2007;25(15):2886-91.
Ungchusak K, Auewarakul P, Dowell SF, Kitphati R, Auwanit W, Puthavathana P, et al. Probable
person-to-person transmission of Avian Influenza A (H5N1). N Eng J Med. 2005;352(4):333-40.
Wang J, Osterrieder N. Generation of an infectious clone of duck enteritis virus (DEV) and of an vectored
DEV expressing hemmagglutinin of H5N1 avian influenza virus. Vir Res. 2011;159:23-31.
Webby RJ, Perez DR, Coleman JS, Guan Y, Knight JH, Govorkova EA, et al. Responsiveness to a
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1cases.pdf
World Health Organization. H5N1 avian influenza: Timeline of major events. 17 Desember 2012.
Available from http://www.who.int/influenza/H5N1_avian_influenza_update
World Health Organization. Pandemic influenza preparedness framework: for the sharing of influenza
viruses and acccess to vaccines and other benefits. 2011. Available from
http://www.who.int/influenza/resources/en/
World Health Organization. World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic. 15 Juni 2007. Available
from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009
Wu Q, Fang L, Wu X, Li B, Luo R, Yu Z, et al. A pseudotype baculovirus-mediated vaccine confers
protective immunity against lethal challenge with H5N1 avian influenza virus in mice and chickens.
Mol Imunol. 2009;46:2210-7.
Yamada S, Suzuki Y, Suzuki T, Le MQ, Nidom CA, Sakai-Tagawa Y, et al. Haemagglutinin mutations
responsible for the binding of H5N1 influenza A viruses to human-type receptor. Nature.
2006;444:378-82.
Yang S-G, Wo J-E, Li M-W, Mi F-F, Yu C-B, Lu G-L, et al. Construction and cellular immune response
induction of HA-based alphavirus replicon vaccines against human-avian influenza (H5N1).
Vaccine. 2009;27:7451-8.