Article Sidebar

Submitted
February 27, 2019
Accepted
February 27, 2019
Published
July 1, 2016
Download
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)
Statistic
Read Counter : 728 Download : 3229

Main Article Content

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Udara yang terkontaminasi mikroorganisme khususnya bakteri dapat menyebabkan Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs) baik lewat pajanan langsung maupun tidak langsung.Lamanya pajanan terhadap udara yang tercemar berhubungan dengan kasus mortalitas pasien dengan penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah yang di rawat di ruang Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU). Udara yang tercemar menjadi salah satu faktor risiko penyebab penyakit kardiovaskular yang dapat dimodifikasi.

Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sampel dari udara ruang ICCU dengan cara meletakkan lima media cawan petri berisi nutrient agarpada  ke empat sudut ruang dan satu posisi di tengah. Sampel kemudian diinkubasi selama 48 jam dan dilakukan penghitungan angka bakteri. Bakteri kemudian dimurnikan, hasil pemurniandilakukan uji pewarnaan gram, uji motilitas, dan uji biokimia untuk mendapatkan pola bakteri.

Hasil: Hasil perletakan cawan petri pada total ke-5 titik sampel adalah 123,6 x 103CFU/m3.  Total bakteri pada setiap titik adalah sebanyak 36,44 x 103 CFU/m3, 18,21 x 103 CFU/m3, 13 x 103 CFU/m3, 18,21 x 103 CFU/m3, 37,74 x 103 CFU/m3secara berurutan. Hasil pola bakteri didominasi oleh bakteri dari golongan kokus Gram positif yaitu jenis Acinetobacter (a) sebesar 22%, diikuti bakteri jenis Bacillus (a) 18%, Kurthia 14%,Pseudomonas8%, serta Clostridium, Bacteroides, dan Campylobacter sebanyak 6%, diikuti Arcobacter dan Staphylococcus 4%, kemudian  Acinetobacter (b), Enterobacteria, Enterococcus, Haemophillus, Streptobacillus dan Streptococcus sebanyak 2%.

Kesimpulan:Berdasarkan acuan nilai normal jumlah bakteri yaitu 200 CFU/m3, bakteri yang ditemukan pada udara di ruang ICCU melebihi batas normal, sedangkan untuk pola bakteri didominasi oleh bakteri genus Acinetobacter(a)

Kata Kunci : Healthcare Asociated Infections (HAIs), Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU), angka bakteri, pola bakteri.

Article Details

License

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
Santri, P., Mulyadi, M., & Taurina, H. (2016). Angka dan Pola Bakteri Penyebab Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) pada Udara di Ruang Intensive Cardiac Care Unit (ICCU) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. Jurnal Kedokteran Raflesia, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.33369/juke.v2i2.6882
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Daftar Pustaka
  2. Khan, H.A., Ahmad, A., Mehboob, R., 2015. Asian Paci?c Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. Nosocomial Infections and Their Control Strategies, [online] Available at: www.elsevier.com/locate/apjtb [Accessed March 14 2017].
  3. Goering, R.V., Dockrell, H.M., Zuckerman, M., Roitt, I.M., Chiodini, P.L., 2013. Mim’s Medical Microbiology, Fifth Edition. The McGraw- Hill Companies, USA.
  4. Fernstrom, A., Goldblatt, M., 2013. Aerobiology and Its Role in the Transmission of Infectious Diseases. USA: J of Pathogen. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/493960 [Accessed June 20 2017].
  5. Pope, C.A., Burnett, R.T., Thurston, G.D., Thun, M.J., Calle, E.E., Krewski, D., et al., 2004. Cardiovascular Mortality and Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Air Pollution Epidemiological Evidence of General Pathophysiological Pathways of Disease. American Heart Association. Available at: http://circ.ahajournals.org/ [Accessed July 12 2017].
  6. Mills, N.L., Miller, M.R., Lucking, A.J.,Beveridge, J.,Flint, L., Boere, A.J., et al., 2011. Combustion-derived nanoparticulate mediates the adverse vascular effects of diesel exhaustinhalation. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21753226 [Accessed May 19 2017].
  7. Newby, D.E., Mannucci, P.M., Tell, G.S., Baccarelli, A.A., Brook, R.D., Donaldson, K., et al., 2015. Expert Position Paper on Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease. Europe Eur Heart J Cardiovasc. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/2/83/2293343/Expert-position-paper-on-air-pollution-and-cardio-vascular-disease [Accessed May 19 2017].
  8. Badea, S., Chirita, A.L., Androne, C., Olaru, B.G., 2015. Indoor air Quality Assesment Through Microbiological Methods. Romania: Y. Sci. J. Available at:http://journalofyoungscientist.usamv.ro/pdf/vol_III_2015/art1.pdf [Accessed June 14 2017].
  9. Bhatia, L., dan Vishwakarma R., 2011. Hospital Indoor Airborne Microflora in Private and Government Owned Hospitals in Sagar City. India: J Environ manage.Available at:http://www.ugcfrp.ac.in/images/userfiles/ijeemv2n1_8_5141_Corrected%20file%20(2).pdf [Accessd June 16 2017].
  10. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare-Associated Infections: HAI Data and Statistic. USA: Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 2010.
  11. Obeidat, N., Jawdat F., Al Bakri, A.G., Shehabi, A.A., 2014. Am J Infect Control. Major biologic characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital environmental and patients' respiratory tract sources. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24679567 [Accessed May 29 2018].
  12. Hasana, N.M.N.A., Rares, F.E.S., Porotu’o, J., 2017. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri aerob yang dapat meyebabkan infeksi nosokomial di Ruang Bedah Mata RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kondou Manado. Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado.
  13. Oktarini, M., 2013. Angka dan pola kuman pada dinding, lantai dan udara di ruang ICU RSUD dr. Moewardi surakarta. Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
  14. Tang, J.W., 2009. J R Soc Interface. The effect of environmental parameters on the survival of airborne infectious agents, Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843949/ [Accessed May 29 2018].
  15. Fernstrom, A., Goldblatt, M., 2013. Aerobiology and Its Role in the Transmission of Infectious Diseases. USA: J of Pathogen. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/493960 [Accessed June 20 2017].
  16. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Tentang PersyaratanKesehatan Lingkungan Rumah Sakit. 2016 No. 24 Tahun 2016. Jakarta.
  17. Quadiset, K., Abu-Elteen, K., Elkarmi, A., Hamad, M. 2009. Assessment of airborne pathogens in health care setting. Afr. J. Microbiol. [Accessed May 29 2018].
  18. Erickson, T., 2016. Angka dan Pola Bakteri yang Ada di Dinding, Lantai dan Tempat Tidur Pasien di Ruang ICU Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu. Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Bengkulu.
  19. Barrow, G., dan Feltham, R., 2004. Cowan and Steels Manual for The Identification of Medical Bacteria. United Kingdom: Cambridge University.
  20. Rahmaningsih, S., dan Wilis S., Mulyana. A., 2012. Bakteri Patogen dari Perairan Pantai dan Kawasan Tambak di Kecamatan Jenu Kabupaten Tuban, Ekologia, Vol. 12 No.1 1-5.
  21. Brooks, G.F., Carrol, K.C., Butel, J.S., Morse, S.A., Mietzner, T.A., 2017. Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology 25th Edition. United States: The McGraw-Hill Companies.
  22. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Healthcare-Associated Infections: HAI Data and Statistic. USA: Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 2016.