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Submitted
August 22, 2019
Accepted
October 31, 2019
Published
October 31, 2019
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Abstract

ABSTRAK

Latar Belakang: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan di dunia dan negara berkembang. Mortalitas diare berkisar 17,5-21% dengan ekuivalent 1,5 juta orang setiap tahunnya. Escherichia coli dan Shigella Sp. merupakan patogen utama penyebab diare. Antibioik siprofloksasin yang digunakan untuk mengobati diare memiliki berbagai efek samping. Pemanfaatan tanaman obat merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Akar Lauh Putiah merupakan salah satu tanaman obat tradisional yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Penggunaan akar pada masyarakat Desa Pasar Pino dengan cara meminum air rebusan dari akar Lauh Putiah. Kebiasaan dan pengetahuan tersebut telah secara turun-temurun, namun belum dilatarbelakangi studi ilmiah.

Metode: Ekstraksi akar Lauh Putiah dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dan dilarutkan dengan DMSO. Hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan Uji Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). Setelah dilakukan uji MIC kemudian dilakukan pengujian efektivitas. Kedua uji ini menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram. Parameter yang digunakan ialah besarnya zona hambat yang terbentuk disekitar kertas cakram, dan kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah larutan antibiotik siprofloksasin 50 µg/ml untuk bakteri Escherichia coli dan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae.

Hasil: Hasil pengujian MIC didapatkan bahwa ekstrak akar Lauh Putiah memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri Esherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae. Dari analisis statistik pengujian ANOVA pengaruh ekstrak akar Lauh Putiah menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella sysentriae memiliki nilai Fhitung > Ftabel dengan nilai ? = 0,05 dan kemudian diuji lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan dan didapatkan zona hambat yang efektif konsentrasi yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli adalah konsentrasi 60% (AE3). Pada bakteri Shigella dysentriae didapatkan konsentrasi yang efektif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae adalah konsentrasi 87,5% (BE4).

Kesimpulan: Ekstrak Akar Tanaman Lauh Putiah (Ficus racemosa L.) memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysentriae.

 

Kata kunci: Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Lauh Putiah, Ficus racemosa Linn.

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Diarrhea is one of health problems in the world and developing countries. Diarrhea mortality range is 17.5-21% with an equivalent of 1.5 million people per year. Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. are the main pathogen bacteria that causes diarrhea. Ciprofloxacin is common antibiotic that used to treat diarrhea, but it has various side effects. The use of medicinal plants is an alternative to overcome this problem. Lauh Putiah roots is one of the traditional medicinal plants that has many benefits, one of the benefits is to produce antibacterial compounds. Lauh Putiah roots is used as a medicine for people in Pasar Pino village, it used to heal diarrhea by drinking boiled water from Lauh Putiah roots. These habits have been passed down through generations, but it has not been proofed by scientific studies.

Methods: Extraction of Lauh Putiah root was done by maceration method using ethanol 96% and dissolved with DMSO. The extraction results were used to Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assay. After MIC assay, effectiveness assay was done. Both of these assay used paper disk diffusion methods. The parameters that used were the amount of inhibition zone formed around the disc paper, and the positive control used ciprofloxacin antibiotic 50 µg/ml for Escherichia coli and Shigella sp.

Results: The MIC assay results showed that the roots extract of Lauh Putiah had the ability as an antibacterial against Esherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae. From the statistical analysis of ANOVA test, the effect of Lauh Putiah root extract inhibits Escherichia coli and Shigella sysentriae with a value of Fcount> Ftable with a value of ? = 0.05 and then further tested using Duncan test and found an effective inhibition zone concentration that inhibits growth of Escherichia coli in 60% concentration (AE3) and inhibits growth of Shigella dysentriae  in 87.5% concentration (BE4).

Conclusion: Lauh Putiah Root Extract (Ficus racemosa L.) has inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentriae.

 

Keywords:  Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Lauh Putiah, Ficus racemosa Linn.

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Author Biographies

Beladiena Citra Siregar, Bengkulu University

medical faculty

Welly Darwis, Bengkulu University

Department of Biology

Mardhatillah Sariyanti, University of Bengkulu

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
How to Cite
Siregar, B. C., Darwis, W., & Sariyanti, M. (2019). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Akar Tanaman Lauh Putiah (Ficus racemosa L.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae Penyebab Diare. Jurnal Kedokteran Raflesia, 5(1), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.33369/juke.v5i1.8778
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