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Abstract
Ekosistem mangrove berperan sebagai habitat berbagai jenis satwa, salah satunya yaitu makrozoobenthos. Makrozoobenthos berperan sebagai konsumen primer dan ada pula yang berperan sebagai konsumen sekunder atau konsumen yang menempati tempat yang lebih tinggi. Pada umumnya, Makrozoobenthos merupakan makanan alami bagi berbagai satwa perairan yang berukuran besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kelimpahan makrozoobenthos dan menganalisis struktur komunitas makrozoobenthos di kawasan ekosistem mangrove Daruba Pantai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai Desember 2019 yang berlokasi di kawasan Mangrove Desa Daruba Pantai. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode sampel kuadrat (Quadrat Sampling) dengan ukuran plot 1x1 m2. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis indeks ekologi seperti kelimpahan individu, kelimpahan relatif, keanekaragaman jenis, keseragaman dan dominasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kelimpahan individu makrozoobenthos tertinggi berada pada stasiun ke I yaitu 33,333 (Ind/m2) dan terendah berada di stasiun I dan II yaitu Polymesoda bengalensis 1,111 (Ind/m2). Sedangkan Kelimpahan Relatif tertinggi ada di stasiun II yaitu Episesarma (0,200 %) dan terendah ada di stasiun I dan II yaitu Polymesoda bengalensis (0,007 %). Hasil analisis indeks ekologi Keanekragaman (H’) stasiun I yaitu (2,146), stasiun II (2,158) dan stasiun III (2,131) termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Indeks Keseragaman (E) pada stasiun I berkisar (0,895), stasiun II (0,900), sedangkan pada stasiun III (0,925) termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Indeks Dominasi pada stasiun I yaitu (0,132), stasiun II (0,132) dan pada stasiun III yaitu (0,130) termasuk dalam kategori rendah.
THE DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF MACROZOOBENTHOS IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS AT DARUBA VILLAGE COASTAL PULAU MOROTAI REGENCY. Mangrove ecosystems play a role as a habitat for various species of animals, one of which is macrozoobenthos. Macrozoobenthos acts as the primary consumer and some have a role as secondary consumers or consumers who occupy a higher place. In general, Macrozoobenthos is a natural food for a variety of large aquatic animals. This research aims to analyze the abundance of macrozoobenthos and analyze the structure of the macrozoos community in the area of the Daruba Coastal mangrove ecosystem. This research was conducted from November to December 2019 located in the Mangrove area of Daruba Pantai Village. Retrieval of data using the method of quadratic sampling (Quadrat Sampling) with a plot size of 1x1 m2. Data analysis methods use ecological index analysis such as individual abundance, relative abundance, species diversity, uniformity, and dominance. The results showed the highest abundance of macrozoobenthos individuals were at a station I which was 33,333 (Ind / m2) and the lowest was at stations I and II namely Polymesoda bengalensis 1.111 (Ind / m2). While the highest relative abundance in at station II, Episesarma (0.200%) and the lowest are at a station I and II, Polymesoda bengalensis (0.007%). The results of the analysis of the Ecological diversity index (H ') of Station I, namely (2,146), Station II (2,158) and Station III (2,131) are included in the medium category. The Uniformity Index (E) at a station I ranges (0.895), station II (0.900), while at station III (0.925) is included in the high category. The Domination Index at a station I (0.132), station II (0.132) and at station III (0.130) are in a low category.
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References
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References
Arief, A. 2003. Hutan Mangrove. Kanisius, Yogyakarta.
Barnes, R. D. 1987. Invertebrate Zoology, 5th Edition. W. B. Saunder Company. Philadelphia. London.
D. Alwi, K.Koroy, E.Laba 2019. Struktur Komunitas Ekosistem Mangrove di Desa Daruba Pantai Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan Vol.5 No.4 e-ISSN: 2089-5364 p-ISSN: 2622-8327. 33-46 p.
Effendi, I.J. 1993. Komposisi Jenis Dan Kelimpahan Makrozoobentos Pada Daerah PasangPantai Bervegetasi Mangrove Di Sekitar Teluk Mandar Desa Mirring Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polmas. Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Hasanuddin. Ujung Pandang.
Fachrul, M. 2007. Metode Sampling Bioekologi. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta
Hardjosuwarno, S., 1990. Dasar-Dasar Ekologi Tumbuhan. Fakultas Biologi UGM. Yogyakarta.
Kariada, T.M., dan Andin, I., 2014. Peranan Mangrove sebagai Biofilter Pencemaran Air Wilayah Tambak Bandeng, Semarang. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan, 21(2):188-194
Krebs, C.J. 1994. Ecology The Eksperimental Analysis Of Distribution And Abudance. Third edition. Haeper and Row Publisher. New york.
Nybakken, J.W. 1992. Biologi Laut Suatu Pendekatan Bilogis. Alih bahas oleh M. Eidman., Koesoebiono., D.G. Bengen., M. Hutomo., S. Sukardjo. PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Odum, E. P. 1993. Dasar-Dasar Ekologi. Edisi ketiga. Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada Press.
Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamental of Ekology. Third Edition, W.B. Saunders Company. Toronto Florida.
Ravichandran, S., W. Sylvester Frederick, S. Ajmal Khan dan T. Balasubramaniam. 2011. Diversity of Mangrove Crabs in South and Southeast Asia. Journal of Oceanography and Marine Environmental Systems 1(1): 01-07, 2011.
Smaldon, G. 1979. British Coastal Shrimps and Prawns.Synopses of the British Fauna (N.S.)
Soegianto, A. 1994. Ekologi Kuantitatif. Penerbit Usaha Nasional.Surabaya.
Supriharyono 2009. Konservasi Ekosistem Sumberdaya Hayati dan Wilayah Pesisir dan Laut Tropis (Cetakan Pertama, Edisi Kedua). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Widyastuti, A. 2011. Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos di Perairan Biak Selatan, Biak, Papua. Biak: UPT Loka Konservasi Biota Laut Biak- LIPI.
Yulianto, A. 2006. Keanekaragaman Kepiting di Hutan Mangrove Desa Tungkal, Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi. Fakultas Perikanan. Bogor.