Main Article Content
Abstract
Selama beberapa dekade terumbu karang di dunia terus mengalami kerusakan termasuk di Indonesia. Kerusakan ini dapat disebabkan oleh faktor fisik, biologi maupun secara alami. Salah satu faktor fisik penyebab kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang adalah adanya tekanan antropogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang terkini di Kepulauan Seribu maupun di Bengkulu. Tutupan karang keras diambil menggunakan metode transek foto bawah air dengan transek kuadrat 0,5x0,5 m2. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kondisi terumbu karang di Bengkulu termasuk ke dalam kondisi sedang hingga baik (36,27%-66,83%), sedangkan kondisi terumbu karang di Kepulauan Seribu termasuk ke dalam kondisi buruk hingga sedang (15,53%-31,80%). Kondisi perairan di Bengkulu dan di Kepulauan Seribu masih menunjukkan kondisi yang baik bagi pertumbuhan terumbu karang.
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References
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- Odum, E. 1993. Dasar-dasar Ekologi (3rd ed.). Yogyakarta (ID: Gadjah Mada University Pr.
- Suharsono. 2008. Jenis-Jenis Karang Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Puslit Oseanografi LIPI Pr.
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References
BPS Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. 2017. Kecamatan Enggano Dalam Angka 2017. Kecamatan Enggano Dalam Angka 2017. BPS Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. https://doi.org/11020001.1307030
BPS Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu. 2016. Kepulauan Seribu Utara Dalam Angka 2016. BPS Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu.
BPS Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu. 2017. Kepulauan Seribu Selatan Dalam Angka 2017. BPS Kabupaten Kepulauan Seribu.
BPS Kota Bengkulu. 2018. Kota Bengkulu Dalam Angka 2018. BPS Kota Bengkulu.
Cleary, D. F. R., Polónia, A. R. M., Renema, W., Hoeksema, B. W., Wolstenholme, J., Tuti, Y., & de Voogd, N. J. (2014). Coral reefs next to a major conurbation: A study of temporal change (1985-2011) in coral cover and composition in the reefs of Jakarta, Indonesia. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 501, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10678
Cleary, D. F. R., Suharsono, & Hoeksema, B. W. 2006. Coral diversity across a disturbance gradient in the Pulau Seribu reef complex off Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversity and Conservation, 15(11), 3653–3674. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-4692-y
English, S., Wilkinson, C., & Baker, V. 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources (Kedua). Townsville: Australian Institute of Marine Science.
Fadilah, & Idris. 2009. Perbandingan dua tahunan persentase penutupan karang di Kepulauan Seribu (2003, 2005 dan 2007). In Estradivari, E. Setyawan, & S. Yusri (Eds.), Terumbu Karang Jakarta (pp. 23–28). Jakarta (ID): Yayasan Terumbu Karang Indonesia (TERANGI).
Giyanto, Abrar, M., Hadi, T. A., Budiyanto, A., Hafizt, M., Salatalohy, A., & Iswari, M. Y. 2017. Status Terumbu Karang Indonesia 2017. (Suharsono, Ed.). Jakarta (ID): Puslit Oseanografi LIPI Pr. Retrieved from http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/haspen/Status terumbu karang 2017.pdf
Johan, O., Bengen, D. G., Zamani, N. P., & Suharsono. 2012. Distribution and Abundance of Black Band Disease on Corals Montipora sp in Seribu Islands, Jakarta. Journal of Indonesian Coral Reefs, 1(3), 160–170. Retrieved from http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jicor/article/view/1194
Madduppa, H. H., Ferse, S. C. A., Aktani, U., & Palm, H. W. 2012. Seasonal trends and fish-habitat associations around Pari Island, Indonesia: Setting a baseline for environmental monitoring. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 95(3), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-012-0012-7
Muqsit, A., Purnama, D., & Taalidin, Z. 2016. Struktur komunitas terumbu karang di Pulau Dua Kecamatan Enggano, Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Jurnal Enggano, 1(1), 75–87.
Nugraha, M. A., Purnama, D., Wilopo, M. D., & Johan, Y. 2016. Kondisi terumbu karang di Tanjung Gosongseng Desa Kahyapu, Pulau Enggano, Provinsi Bengkulu. Jurnal Enggano, 1(1), 43–56.
Pustikawati, M., Johan, Y., & Dede, H. 2016. Kajian ekosistem terumbu karang untuk pengembangan ekowisata bahari Pulau Tikus Bengkulu. Jurnal Enggano, 1(1), 113–119.
Rachello-Dolmen, P. G., & Cleary, D. F. R. 2007. Relating coral species traits to environmental conditions in the Jakarta Bay/Pulau Seribu reef system, Indonesia. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 73(3–4), 816–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.03.017
Spalding, M. D., & Grenfell, A. M. 1997. New estimates of global and regional coral reef areas. Coral Reefs, 16(4), 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003380050078
Spalding, M. D., Ravilious, C., & Green, E. P. 2001. World Atlas of Coral Reefs. London (GB): University of California Pr.
Sulistiyarto, B., Soedharma, D., Rahardjo, F. M., & Sumardjo. 2007. Pengaruh musim terhadap komposisi jenis dan kelimpahan ikan di Rawa Lebak, Sungai Rungan, Palangkaraya, Kalimantan Tengah. Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity, 8(4), 270–273. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d080405
Zamani, N. P., & Madduppa, H. H. 2011. A Standard Criteria for Assesing the Health of Coral Reefs: Implication for Management and Conservation. Journal of Indonesia Coral Reefs, 1(2), 137–146. Retrieved from http://repository.unhas.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/3471/8 NEVIANTY P. ZAMANI1.pdf?sequence=9
Kelley, R. 2011. The Indo Pacific Coral Finder 2.0. Australia (AU): BYOGuides.
Krebs, C. J. 1989. Ecological Methodology. New York: Harper Collins Publisher.
Mulhall, M. 2008. Saving the Rainforests of the Sea: an Analysis of International Efforts To Conserve Coral Reefs. Duke Envtl. L. & Pol’y F., 33(2006), 321–351. https://doi.org/10.3868/s050-004-015-0003-8
Odum, E. 1993. Dasar-dasar Ekologi (3rd ed.). Yogyakarta (ID: Gadjah Mada University Pr.
Suharsono. 2008. Jenis-Jenis Karang Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): Puslit Oseanografi LIPI Pr.
Wilkinson, C. 2004. Status of Coral Reefs of The World: 2004. Australia (AU): Australian Institute of Marine Science.