THE VERB-PARTICLE COMBINATION IN THE NOVEL THE DA VINCI CODE BY DAN BROWN

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INTRODUCTION
The basic concept of language is for communication. Language is communication of thoughts and feeling through arbitrary signals such as voice, sounds, gestures, and written symbols. Drout (2006:6) states "The foundations of language are brain, development and acquisition". Language is medium communication that people acquire from environment, wherever they grow up. For instance, a child growing up in Spain, can speak Spanish fluently. All human, no matter how isolated they are or how primitive their society is, have language. Most researcher conclude that humans have had language as long as there have been humans and some hypothesize. There are more than six thousand languages in the world with different difficulties and each language has their entire library of dictionaries and grammar.

K E Y W O R D S A B S T R A C T
Particle, Verb-Particle, Combination Novel.
This study deals with the verb-particle combination in the novel the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown.
The objectives of this research are to find out the verb-particle combination and to identify the most dominant particle used with the verb in the novel the Da Vinci Code. The source of data is from novel the Da Vinci Code written by Dan Brown. The technique used in this research is descriptive qualitative. It is found that there are 135 verb particle combinations in the novel the Da Vinci Code and there are 1(0.74%) particle along, 3(2.22%) particle around/About, 5(3.70%) particle away, 5(3.70%) particle back, 21(15.5%) particle down, 10(7.40%) particle in, 14(10.37%) particle off, 11(8.14%) particle on, 27(20%) particle out, 14(10.37%) particle over, and 24(17.77%) particle up. It can be seen that the most dominant particle used with the verb in the novel the Da Vinci Code is particle out with 27(20%) verb particle combinations.

K A T A K U N C I ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan kombinasi kata kerja-partikel atau verb-particle dalam novel The Da Vinci Code karya Dan Brown. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kombinasi verbparticle dan mengidentifikasi particle yang paling dominan digunakan bersama verb dalam novel The Da Vinci Code. Sumber data berasal dari novel The Da Vinci Code karya Dan Brown. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Ditemukan bahwa terdapat 135 kombinasi Verb-Particle dalam novel The Da Vinci Code dan terdapat 1(0,74%) particle along, 3(2,22%) particlel around/about, 5(3,70%) particle away, 5(3,70% partikel). 5 (3,70%) particle back, 21(15,5%) particle down, 10(7,40%) particle in, 14(10,37%) particle off, 11(8,14%) particle on, 27(20%) particle out, 14(10,37%) particle over, dan 24 (17,77%) particle up. Language has 3 main functions, as a means of labeling, as a basic of interaction and as a means to transmit the information through the ages among us to the next generation. Language is also used as a means of communication. Brinton (2000:4) states "Language as functioning to give expression to our thoughts ("Language as a vehicle of thought"), to transmit information (the"communicative function"), or perhaps to provide the raw material for works of literature (the "narrative function")." A language, then, consists of all the sounds, words and many possible sentence. English is one of language in the world that people use for communication. In this modern area, English has big role because it is a global language. English has become a world language with more variants. It has numerous exceptions to all of its rules and adopts new vocabulary so readily that dictionaries must be constantly updated. One important aspect in learning English is its grammar. People must learn about the grammar to construct a sentence to use English in communication. The development of English grammar is very rapidly, that is why grammar is one of important aspect to learn if study English.
There are many parts of grammar to construct a sentence in English. One of part of grammar is about verb-particle combination. Verb-particle in present day English consists of lexical verb and a verbal particle such as take-off, get on etc. On and off are called particle. Particles are mostly mono-syllabic words which look like prepositions, but have a distinct syntax. The position of the particles is after the verb. Verb particle combination reveals a great diversity in form and meaning. In form, the problem is one particle is able to have one or more combination with different lexical verb. For instance, a particle up can be combined with different verb such as put, get, stand, look etc. Examples: put up, get up, look up, turn up, show up etc.
In meaning, the verb particle combination falls into two classes semantically, transparent, and non-transparent meaning. The meaning of the verb and of the particle in transparent verb particle combinations correspond to their meaning when used in isolation. The verb particle combination has a non-transparent meaning because the meaning of verb particle combination cannot be predicted from its part. The particle itself in verb particle combination also has their own special meaning. The various particles of the English language all contribute their special meaning to the verb they combine with, for example: they pull me up. The verb particle combination of the sentence is pull up, where the verb pull means 'to hold something firmly and use force in order to move it or try to move it' and the particle up denotes an upward motion 'to pull from lower to higher position'. Another particle is down where the meaning is as downward motion, for example: we fell down from the tree.
The writer found many verb-particle combinations in the novel the Da Vinci Code. There are many the same particles which are combined with the different verb. It causes the meaning of the particles automatically different. The writer wants to give information and understanding about verb-particle to readers especially the readers who like to learn English because verb-particle is everyday spoken and written communication in English. By understanding the verb-particle, it is easier to know the forms of verb-particle which is often used in communication. The aim of the research is to find out the verb-particle combination in the novel the Da Vinci Code. Documentation method was applied in collecting the data. This method was used because the source of the data was written source. Nawawi (1991:133) states "Documentation method is a kind of technique of collecting the data by categorizing and classifying the written document that has relation with the problem discussed, whether from document or books, newspaper, magazine, etc". Instruments The data were collected by using some steps; Reading all chapters in the novel the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown; Underlining all the verb-particle combinations found in the novel the Da Vinci Code; Writing all the verb-particle combinations found in the novel the Da Vinci Code in the form of list.

METHODS
Data Analysis Procedures. The systematic procedures in conducting the analysis were as follows: 1. Identifying the verb-particle combination found in the novel the Da Vinci Code 2. Classifying the particle used with the verb in the novel the Da Vinci Code in the list of table; 3. Counting the percentage of the particle to find the most dominant particle used with the verb in the novel the Da Vinci Code; 4. Describing the data based on the findings of the research. The percentage of the most dominant particle used with the verb in the novel the Da Vinci Code were obtained by using Sugiyono (2004:43). The formula : Description: X = the percentage of particle used in the novel the Da Vinci Code F = The amount of each particle in the novel the Da Vinci Code N = total amount of all the particles in the novel the Da Vinci Code FINDINGS After Identifying the data, the verb particle combinations were classified based on the particle it follows. There were 11 particles found, that is particle along, around/about, away, back, down, in, off, on, out, over, up. 1. The Verb with Particle Along Particle along has one meaning that is forward. The total of verb particle used with particle along is 1.
No Chapter The Verb-Particle Combination 1 56 When Christianity came along, the old pagan religions did not easily 2. The Verb with Particle Around/About Particle around/about often expresses the idea of acting in a relaxed way or an action is in this place or being in a place. The total of verb particle combinations with the particle around/about found in the novel the Da Vinci Code are 3.

No Chapter
The Verb-Particle Combination We can't very well give the keystone back to the brotherhood 4. 76 The modern belief in a horned devil known as Satan could be traced back to Baphomet 5.
The cornucopia was a tribute to Baphomet's fertility and dated back to Zeus

The Verb with Particle Down
The particle down has meaning as downward motion, transferral and cessation. There are 21 verb particle combinations with the particle down.

No
Chapter The Verb-Particle Combination

6
The center of the hallway was dotted by the occasional statue or colossal porcelain urn, which served as a tasteful divider and kept the flow of traffic moving down one wall and up the other 2.
A single spotlight on a portable pole stand shone down on the floor He found the light switched and flicked it on 9. The Verb with Particle Out In verb particle combination, particle out has meaning as outward direction, removal, disappearance and completion. There are 28 verb particle combinations with the particle out found in the novel the Da Vinci Code.

No
Chapter The Verb-Particle Combination 1.
1 the face staring back at him was thin and washed out 2. 6 Laid out in a dazzling geometric design of diagonal oak slats, the floor produced an ephemeral optical illusion 3.
The killer was locked out there in the hallway

11
Fache glanced out at the darkened hallway

16
Sophie immediately moved out on her own 6.
Waiting for the right moment, but now time has run out 7.
Time to sort out this mystery together 8.
I can get you out of this museum 9. 21 It's monodirectional and opens out 10. Sophie had stated flat out that she should have broken the anagram 11.
he dug in his pocket and yanked out the computer printout.

26
The bluish crescent of penlight fanned out on the floor in front of them 13. 31 He lunged, lashing out with the candle stand like a club 15. 41 "Paris," he said, and walked out the door 16. 66 Moddy slope of rugged fields that stretched out into the night behind the barn 17.
Collet ran to the door, trying to see out into the darkness 18.
All he could make out was the fain shadow of forest in the distance

76
He apologized profusely for the limited fare as he doled out the goods 20. 81 The police poured out, guns drawn 21.
Edwards jumped out too 22.
Policemen scattered as the jaguar peeled out of the hangar He quivered with excitement, leaning in, trying to see around Langdon, who was still hunched over the box 9.
Langdon was still hovering over the script 10.
Reaching over, he edged the box away from Langdon 11.
Of course ,dear, Teabing said, pushing it over to her 12.

96
Silas drove a knee into his groin, then went clambering over the writhing body into the hall 14.
He knocked over bowls and silverware 11. The Verb with Particle Up Particle up has 5 meanings, they are upward motion, emergence, initiation, cessation and completion. The usage of particle up in the novel the Da Vinci Code are 24 No Chapter The Verb-Particle Combination 1.
1 Langdon picked up the receiver 2.
He hung up before the concierge could protest 3.
Sitting up now, Langdon frowned at his bedside 4.
She held up a copy of Boston Magazine 5.
The woman showed no signs of letting up He and revered curator Jacques Sauniere had been slated to meet for drinks after langdon's lecture tonight, but Sauniere had never shown up 7.
Langdon nodded, feeling a chill as he looked up 8. 6 The center of the hallway was dotted by the occasional statue or colossal porcelain urn, which served as a tasteful divider and kept the flow of traffic moving down one wall and up the other 9.
We took up positions within fifteen minutes 10. From the data collection in the novel, there were 135 verb particle combinations found in the study. The verb particle combinations were counted into percentage based on the particles. Having analyzed the verb particle combinations in the novel the Da Vinci Code, and describing the total percentage, there are 135 verb particle combinations. The percentage of along is 1(0.74%), particle around/about is 3(2.22%), particle away is 5(3.70%), particle back is 5(3.70%), particle down is 21(15.55%), particle in is 10(7.40%), particle off is 14(10.37%), particle on is 11(8.14%), particle out is 27(20%), particle over is 14(10.37%), and particle up is 24(17.77%), and the most dominant particle used with the verb in the novel the Da Vinci Code is particle out with 27(20%) verb particle combinations.

DISCUSSION
The particle in verb particle combination lends more expressivity to the boundedness of the event. English particles constitute a closed class, which centrally includes up, out, down, off, in, as well as the less frequent back, on, away, over, around, about, along (Elenbaas, 2007:10). McCarthy (2004:6) states "Particles are small words which you already know as prepositions or adverbs." Particles form a unit with verbs predict the possibility of gapping the verb together with the particles, "A particle as a word that has no meaning by itself but that can pair with a verb to describe an action (Veit:1984)". The function of many of particles is to modify the nature of the activity expressed by the verb (Downing, 2006:337). The English verb particle combination is various. It means that one English particle has combination with one or more verbs. For example: particle up has some combinations with some verbs, as in get(up), look(up), wake(up), clean(up) etc. These different combinations make the particle has different meaning to the verb they combine with. Particle up in verb particle wake up has meaning as emergence, influenced by the verb wake. While in verb particle clean up, the particle means as completion because it denotes making a place completely clean, while the verb clean only suggests removing dirt from something.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the analysis, the following suggestions are given as follows: 1. It is expected to the readers to analyze the verb particle combinations in the rest chapters of novel the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. 2. It is suggested to students of English Department to read another English source in order that they can analyze the verb-particle combinations in another sources. 3. This study should be good motivation for other researcher to write the other study especially verb-particle combination.