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Abstract
Physical activity is one of the stress factors that can provide physiological changes to the function of the hematological system such as changes in platelet count. Physical activity can produce free radicals that can result in cell damage including platelets. Platelets play a role in the hemostasis process, If the platelet count is too low, it can cause excessive bleeding. However, if there is an increase in platelet count too high, it can cause thrombosis that can inhibit blood vessels. Antioxidants have a protective effect on cells and eliminate free radicals. The objective of this research was to ascertain the reaction of platelets to the injection of jungga orange peel essential oil (citrus jambhiri) in male rats that were subjected to strenuous exercise. Twenty male rats (3-4 months old, 180-200 grams) of the Wistar strain of the white rat (Rattus norvegicus) were used in the experiment. Using a random number generator, 20 white rats were split into two groups. In group P1, the rats swam for 50 minutes, three times a week, for four weeks. In group P2, the rats swam for 50 minutes, three times a week, for four weeks, and were also given 0.05 milliliters of jungga orange peel essential oil every hour prior to swimming. Based on these findings, it appears that there is a statistically significant difference between the P1 and P2 groups in terms of the average platelet count, with the P2 group exhibiting a decline in platelet count. Antioxidant substances contained in the essential oil of jungga orang have the ability to inhibit the decline in platelet function after high-intensity physical activity.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Novita Sari Harahap, Diky Setya Diningrat, Yetty Machrina

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References
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- David E. (2011). Intense and Exhaustive exercise induce oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease; 1(1):63-66.
- Dekany M, Nemeskeri V, Gyore I, Ekes E, Golg A, Szots,G, Petrekanits M., Taylor, A.w., Berkes, J., & Pucsok, J. (2008). Physical performance and antioxidants effects in triathletes. Biology of Sport, 25(2), 101-114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47508243
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- Ferreira, JC, Carvalho, RG, Barroso, TM, Szmuchrowski, LA, Sledziewski, D 2011, ‘Effect of different types of recovery on blood lactate removal after maximum exercise’, Pol.J Sport Tourism, vol. 18, pp. 105-111
- Guyton & Hall, 2008, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th edition, Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, Pensylvania.
- Kobialka, K, Kawczynski, A, Mroczek, D, Klimek, A, Chmura, J 2014,’Blood lactate concentrations in the top polish sprinters during the 100-meter dash’, Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences,vol. 65, no. 24, pp.23-27
- Lazarim FL, Antunes-Neto JM, da Silva FO, Nunes LA, Bassini-Cameron A, Cameron LC, Alves AA, et al. 2009. The upper values of plasma creatine kinase of professional soccer players during the Brazilian National Championship. J Sci Med Sport.;12 (1) :85-90
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- Periayah, M. H., Halim, A. S., & Mat Saad, A. Z. (2017). Mechanism Action of Platelets and Crucial Blood Coagulation Pathways in Hemostasis. International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research, 11(4), 319–327.
- Prisyanto R, Santoso DR, Juswono UP, Cahyati Y. (2014). Pengaruh pemberian kombinasi vitamin C dan E terhadap jumlah hemoglobin, leukosit dan trombosit pasca iradiasi sinar gamma. Natural B. 2(3):290-295.
- Sembiring, H., Sihotang, H., Tampubolon, A.C. 2019. Antibacterial Activities of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) Rind Essential Oil. Journal of Chemical Natural Resources, 1(1), pp.12-18.
- Shahriyari L. Yazdanparast R. (2009). Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of Artemisia dracunculus L. leaves extract. Pharmacology Online Inst. Biochem. 1:217-228
- Thon, J. N., & Italiano, J. E. (2012). Platelets: production, morphology and ultrastructure. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, (210), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29423-5_1
- Versteeg, H. H., Heemskerk, J. W., Levi, M., & Reitsma, P. H. (2013). New fundamentals in hemostasis. Physiological reviews, 93(1), 327–358. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00016.2011
- Zheng, W., & Wang, S. Y. (2001). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 49(11), 5165–5170. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010697n.
References
Arnab, G., & Sundar, S. (2013). Comparison of Hemato-Physiological variables among highly and moderately physically active students. Indian Journal of Physical Education, Sports Medicine & Exercise Science, 13(1):19-28.
David E. (2011). Intense and Exhaustive exercise induce oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease; 1(1):63-66.
Dekany M, Nemeskeri V, Gyore I, Ekes E, Golg A, Szots,G, Petrekanits M., Taylor, A.w., Berkes, J., & Pucsok, J. (2008). Physical performance and antioxidants effects in triathletes. Biology of Sport, 25(2), 101-114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47508243
Escribano, BM, Tunez, I, Requena, F, Rubio, MD, De Miguel, R, Montilla, P et al. (2010). Effects of an aerobic training program on oxidative stress biomarkers in bulls. Veterinarni Medicina, 55(9): 422–428
Fajri, H.R., Argarini R., Choesnan Effendi, C. 2015. The Effect Of Glutathione Pre Submaximal Exercise On Platelet Count And Bleeding Time: Experimental Study In Laboratory Animals. Sport and Fitness Journal, 3(1):50-58.
Ferreira, JC, Carvalho, RG, Barroso, TM, Szmuchrowski, LA, Sledziewski, D 2011, ‘Effect of different types of recovery on blood lactate removal after maximum exercise’, Pol.J Sport Tourism, vol. 18, pp. 105-111
Guyton & Hall, 2008, Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th edition, Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, Pensylvania.
Kobialka, K, Kawczynski, A, Mroczek, D, Klimek, A, Chmura, J 2014,’Blood lactate concentrations in the top polish sprinters during the 100-meter dash’, Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences,vol. 65, no. 24, pp.23-27
Lazarim FL, Antunes-Neto JM, da Silva FO, Nunes LA, Bassini-Cameron A, Cameron LC, Alves AA, et al. 2009. The upper values of plasma creatine kinase of professional soccer players during the Brazilian National Championship. J Sci Med Sport.;12 (1) :85-90
Lister, R., O'Malley, R. C., Tonti-Filippini, J., Gregory, B. D., Berry, C. C., Millar, A. H., & Ecker, J. R. (2008). Highly integrated single-base resolution maps of the epigenome in Arabidopsis. Cell, 133(3), 523–536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.03.029
Periayah, M. H., Halim, A. S., & Mat Saad, A. Z. (2017). Mechanism Action of Platelets and Crucial Blood Coagulation Pathways in Hemostasis. International journal of hematology-oncology and stem cell research, 11(4), 319–327.
Prisyanto R, Santoso DR, Juswono UP, Cahyati Y. (2014). Pengaruh pemberian kombinasi vitamin C dan E terhadap jumlah hemoglobin, leukosit dan trombosit pasca iradiasi sinar gamma. Natural B. 2(3):290-295.
Sembiring, H., Sihotang, H., Tampubolon, A.C. 2019. Antibacterial Activities of Rough Lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) Rind Essential Oil. Journal of Chemical Natural Resources, 1(1), pp.12-18.
Shahriyari L. Yazdanparast R. (2009). Antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities of Artemisia dracunculus L. leaves extract. Pharmacology Online Inst. Biochem. 1:217-228
Thon, J. N., & Italiano, J. E. (2012). Platelets: production, morphology and ultrastructure. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, (210), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29423-5_1
Versteeg, H. H., Heemskerk, J. W., Levi, M., & Reitsma, P. H. (2013). New fundamentals in hemostasis. Physiological reviews, 93(1), 327–358. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00016.2011
Zheng, W., & Wang, S. Y. (2001). Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 49(11), 5165–5170. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010697n.