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Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the imagery training model on the process and learning outcomes of the Roundoff Floor Gymnastics. This study used the classroom action research method (Action Research) with a research design including 1) planning 2) action 3) observation and evaluation, and 4) reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 first semester students. The results of the study show that 1) the imagery training model leads to a better and more conducive learning process which was marked by an increase in Academic Learning-time Physical Education (Alt-PE), whose indicators were students actively moving, practicing and being active during the gymnastic learning process, with the effective time increasing from 25.26% to 71.11% for 90 minutes of learning. 2)Imagery training models have a positive influence on learning outcomes, namely improving roundoff skills with a success rate of more than 80% reaching the good and very good categories, the indicators of which are the starting movement, the core Roundoff movement, landing and 1800 body turns can be done well.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Tono Sugihartono, Dian Pujianto, Ike Rahma Ningsih

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References
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- Akbar, MF, Priambodo, A., & Jannah, M. (2019). The Influence of Imagery Training and Level of Concentration on Increasing Lay Up Shoot Skills in Sman 1 Menganti Gresik Basketball. Jp.Jok (Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health), 2(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33503/jpjok.v2i2.445
- Atiković, A., Kalinski, SD, & Čuk, I. (2017). Age trends in artistic gymnastics across world championships and the olympic games from 2003 to 2016. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 9(3), 251–263.
- Cumming, Jennifer & Maria, K. (2017). Developing imagery ability effectively: A guide to layered stimulus response training. Journal Of Sport Psychology in Action, 8(DEveloping Imagery), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1080.2152.0704.2016.1205698
- Deborah A, Wuest; Jennifer, W. (2014). Foundation of Physical Education, Exercise Science and Sport (second). McGraw-Hill Education.
- Gould, D., Voelker, D. K., Damarjian, N., & Greenleaf, C. (2014). Imagery training for peak performance.
- H. Yanuar Kiram. (2019). Learning Motor Skills (first ed.). Prenada Media Group.
- Hwang, H. J., Kwon, K., & Im, C. H. (2009). Neurofeedback-based motor imagery training for brain–computer interface (BCI). Journal of neuroscience methods, 179(1), 150-156.
- Kravchuk, TM, Bybel, SA, Slastina, OO, & Kovalenko, AI (2020). Methods of teaching gymnastic exercises to students engaged in sports aerobics. Health, Sport, Rehabilitation, 6(3), 9. https://doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2020.06.03.01
- Lubis, HY, & Heri, Z. (2018). Analysis of Round Off Motion as a Series of Motions. Achievement Journal, 2(4), 1–8.
- Lubis, MR, & Permadi, AG (2021). Differences in the Effect of Concentration Exercises and Coordination Exercises on Improving the Shooting Game Ability of Petanque Undikma Athletes. JISIP (Journal of Social Sciences and Education), 5(2), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.36312/jisip.v5i2.2005
- Suharsimi, US (2016). Classroom Action Research (Suryani (ed.); Revision). PT Bumi Aksara.
- Susanna Buacker&, B. Simonsimier. (2017). Interrelations of Imagery Use, Imagery Ability, and Performance in Young Athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(Imagery), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/0203459.2016.118786.
- Wilson, P. H., Thomas, P. R., & Maruff, P. (2002). Motor imagery training ameliorates motor clumsiness in children. Journal of Child Neurology, 17(7), 491-498.
- Yu, T., Xiao, J., Wang, F., Zhang, R., Gu, Z., Cichocki, A., & Li, Y. (2015). Enhanced motor imagery training using a hybrid BCI with feedback. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 62(7), 1706-1717.
References
Adlan, D., Hidayat, AS, & Fahrudin, F. (2021). Self Confidence Survey of Floor Exercise Learning for Students at MTs Al Kautsar, Karawang Regency. Journal of Sports Literacy, 2(1), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.35706/jlo.v2i1.4639
Akbar, MF, Priambodo, A., & Jannah, M. (2019). The Influence of Imagery Training and Level of Concentration on Increasing Lay Up Shoot Skills in Sman 1 Menganti Gresik Basketball. Jp.Jok (Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health), 2(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33503/jpjok.v2i2.445
Atiković, A., Kalinski, SD, & Čuk, I. (2017). Age trends in artistic gymnastics across world championships and the olympic games from 2003 to 2016. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 9(3), 251–263.
Cumming, Jennifer & Maria, K. (2017). Developing imagery ability effectively: A guide to layered stimulus response training. Journal Of Sport Psychology in Action, 8(DEveloping Imagery), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.1080.2152.0704.2016.1205698
Deborah A, Wuest; Jennifer, W. (2014). Foundation of Physical Education, Exercise Science and Sport (second). McGraw-Hill Education.
Gould, D., Voelker, D. K., Damarjian, N., & Greenleaf, C. (2014). Imagery training for peak performance.
H. Yanuar Kiram. (2019). Learning Motor Skills (first ed.). Prenada Media Group.
Hwang, H. J., Kwon, K., & Im, C. H. (2009). Neurofeedback-based motor imagery training for brain–computer interface (BCI). Journal of neuroscience methods, 179(1), 150-156.
Kravchuk, TM, Bybel, SA, Slastina, OO, & Kovalenko, AI (2020). Methods of teaching gymnastic exercises to students engaged in sports aerobics. Health, Sport, Rehabilitation, 6(3), 9. https://doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2020.06.03.01
Lubis, HY, & Heri, Z. (2018). Analysis of Round Off Motion as a Series of Motions. Achievement Journal, 2(4), 1–8.
Lubis, MR, & Permadi, AG (2021). Differences in the Effect of Concentration Exercises and Coordination Exercises on Improving the Shooting Game Ability of Petanque Undikma Athletes. JISIP (Journal of Social Sciences and Education), 5(2), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.36312/jisip.v5i2.2005
Suharsimi, US (2016). Classroom Action Research (Suryani (ed.); Revision). PT Bumi Aksara.
Susanna Buacker&, B. Simonsimier. (2017). Interrelations of Imagery Use, Imagery Ability, and Performance in Young Athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 29(Imagery), 5–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/0203459.2016.118786.
Wilson, P. H., Thomas, P. R., & Maruff, P. (2002). Motor imagery training ameliorates motor clumsiness in children. Journal of Child Neurology, 17(7), 491-498.
Yu, T., Xiao, J., Wang, F., Zhang, R., Gu, Z., Cichocki, A., & Li, Y. (2015). Enhanced motor imagery training using a hybrid BCI with feedback. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 62(7), 1706-1717.