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Abstract
Study objectives Researchers realize that children's motoric learning is often neglected or forgotten by parents, mentors or even teachers themselves because the orientation is still in the cognitive aspect andTeachers do not yet understand that the development of motor learning is an inseparable part of children's lives. This research aims to identify the development of gross motor skills in early childhood using an outdoor play approach. Procedure: This research uses a quantitative approach in testing the validity of the content as well as the construct and effectiveness of the educational model. The experimental subjects in this research were early childhood children, totaling 26 respondents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data analysis for small scale trials and large scale trials uses path analysis of the reliability coefficient categories. The paired illustrative t test was used to analyze the effectiveness of developing gross motor skills. Results: The results of this research are an educational model that uses an outdoor play approach to improve aggressive motor skills in the form of a novel guide. Conclusion. The model developed in this research can train gross motor skills and will influence the cognitive, affective and psychomotor learning outcomes of early childhood students. So the learning model is easy to understand, comfortable, and makes early childhood students more enthusiastic about studying.
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Copyright (c) 2024 muhammad nasihul waffak

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References
- Bardid, F. et al. (2016). Assessing fundamental motor skills in Belgian children aged 3-8 years highlights differences to US reference sample. Acta Paediatrica, 105(6), e281-e290.
- Cattuzzo, M.T. et al. (2014). Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 19(2), 123-129.
- Chow, S. et al. (2001). The movement assessment battery for children: A comparison of 4-year-old to 6-year-old children from Hong Kong and the United States. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(1), 55–61.
- Directorate of Health. (2014). Recommendations on diet, nutrition and physical activity (IS-2170). Oslo: Norwegian Directorate of Health.
- Djuanda, I., & Adpura, P. (2020). Improving Early Childhood Gross Motor Skills through Playing Throw and Catch the Ball. Coordinates, 29(2), 265–274.https://doi.org/DOI: 10.15408/kordinat.v19i2.18854
- Dowda, M. et al. (2004). Influences of preschool policies and practices on children's physical activity. Journal of Community Health. 29(3), 183–96.
- D'Hondt, E. et al. (2009). Relationship between Motor Skill and Body Mass Index in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 26, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.26.1.21
- D'Hondt, E. et al. (2011). The role of vision in obese and normal-weight children's gait control. Gait & posture, 33(2), 179-184.
- Fjørtoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: The impact of outdoor play activities in pre-primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29, 111-117.
- Gray, C. et al. (2015) What is the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical fitness in children? A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:6455–6474. doi:10.3390/ijerph120606455.
- Gubbels, J. (2011) Interaction between physical environment, social environment, and child characteristics in determining physical activity at child care. Health Psychol 30(1):84–90. doi:10.1037/a0021586.
- Holfelder, B. and Schott, N. (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 382-391. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.005.
- Holfelder, B. and Schott, N. (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 382-391.
- Justicia, R. (2017). Parents' Understanding of the Urgency of Play in Improving Early Childhood Social Development. Journal of Education: Early Childhood, 1(2), 1–10.https://doi.org/10.35568/earlychildhood.v4i1.717
- Masitoh. et al. (2011). Kindergarten Learning Strategies. Jakarta: Open University. (Print 16).
- Minister of Education and Culture. (2022). Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Content Standards for Early Childhood Education, Basic Education Levels and Secondary Education Levels Number 7. Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Education and Culture.
- Rohmadi, R. (2021). Efforts to Improve Motor Ability through the Game of Throwing and Catching the Ball. WUNY Scientific Journal, 3(1), 37–50.https://doi.org/10.21831/jwuny.v3i1.40705.
- Tucker, P. (2008). The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: a systematic review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23, 547–558.
References
Bardid, F. et al. (2016). Assessing fundamental motor skills in Belgian children aged 3-8 years highlights differences to US reference sample. Acta Paediatrica, 105(6), e281-e290.
Cattuzzo, M.T. et al. (2014). Motor competence and health related physical fitness in youth: A systematic review. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 19(2), 123-129.
Chow, S. et al. (2001). The movement assessment battery for children: A comparison of 4-year-old to 6-year-old children from Hong Kong and the United States. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55(1), 55–61.
Directorate of Health. (2014). Recommendations on diet, nutrition and physical activity (IS-2170). Oslo: Norwegian Directorate of Health.
Djuanda, I., & Adpura, P. (2020). Improving Early Childhood Gross Motor Skills through Playing Throw and Catch the Ball. Coordinates, 29(2), 265–274.https://doi.org/DOI: 10.15408/kordinat.v19i2.18854
Dowda, M. et al. (2004). Influences of preschool policies and practices on children's physical activity. Journal of Community Health. 29(3), 183–96.
D'Hondt, E. et al. (2009). Relationship between Motor Skill and Body Mass Index in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 26, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.26.1.21
D'Hondt, E. et al. (2011). The role of vision in obese and normal-weight children's gait control. Gait & posture, 33(2), 179-184.
Fjørtoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: The impact of outdoor play activities in pre-primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29, 111-117.
Gray, C. et al. (2015) What is the relationship between outdoor time and physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical fitness in children? A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:6455–6474. doi:10.3390/ijerph120606455.
Gubbels, J. (2011) Interaction between physical environment, social environment, and child characteristics in determining physical activity at child care. Health Psychol 30(1):84–90. doi:10.1037/a0021586.
Holfelder, B. and Schott, N. (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 382-391. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.03.005.
Holfelder, B. and Schott, N. (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15, 382-391.
Justicia, R. (2017). Parents' Understanding of the Urgency of Play in Improving Early Childhood Social Development. Journal of Education: Early Childhood, 1(2), 1–10.https://doi.org/10.35568/earlychildhood.v4i1.717
Masitoh. et al. (2011). Kindergarten Learning Strategies. Jakarta: Open University. (Print 16).
Minister of Education and Culture. (2022). Regulation of the Minister of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Content Standards for Early Childhood Education, Basic Education Levels and Secondary Education Levels Number 7. Republic of Indonesia Ministry of Education and Culture.
Rohmadi, R. (2021). Efforts to Improve Motor Ability through the Game of Throwing and Catching the Ball. WUNY Scientific Journal, 3(1), 37–50.https://doi.org/10.21831/jwuny.v3i1.40705.
Tucker, P. (2008). The physical activity levels of preschool-aged children: a systematic review. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 23, 547–558.