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Abstract
This study analyzes the mental health and quality of life of Mount Lawu climbers from the perspective of elderly climbers. Using quantitative descriptive methods, we included 17 participants who filled out the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire to measure mental health and the Older People's Quality of Life (OPQOL-35) questionnaire to measure quality of life. The results showed that the average OPQOL score was 38.66 with a standard deviation of 4.52, while the average CESDR score was 21.60 with a standard deviation of 2.22. These findings showed that there was variation in quality of life and depression levels among participants, with quality of life more varied than depression levels. These results underscore the importance of interventions that support physical and mental health to improve the well-being of the elderly. A more detailed study is needed to know more about the factors that affect mental health and quality of life in this population.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Maryani, Mustika Fitri, Mohammad Zaky, Hilmy Apriady

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References
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- Blazer, D. G. (2017). Depression in Late Life: Review and Commentary. Psychology of Aging, 58(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315245706-40
- Bowling, A. (2009). The Psychometric Properties of the Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire, Compared with the CASP-19 and the WHOQOL-OLD. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2009, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/298950
- Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06400.x
- Coalter, F., Dimeo, P., Morrow, S., & Taylor, J. (2010). The Benefits Of Mountaineering And Mountaineering Related Activities: A Review Of Literature A Report to the Mountaineering Council of Scotland. June.
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- Gabriel, Z., & Bowling, A. (2004). Quality of life from the perspectives of older people. Ageing and Society, 24(5), 675–691. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X03001582
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- Huber, D., Freidl, J., Pichler, C., Bischof, M., Kiem, M., Weisböck-Erdheim, R., Squarra, G., De Nigris, V., Resnyak, S., Neberich, M., Bordin, S., Zechner, R., & Hartl, A. (2023). Long-Term Effects of Mountain Hiking vs. Forest Therapy on Physical and Mental Health of Couples: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021469
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- Rahaju Ningtyas, Nurhikmah Paddiyatu, Zani, B. N., Herawati, & Sakati, S. N. (2023). The Impact of Nature Exposure on Mental Health and Well-Being. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(08), 543–550. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i08.173
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- Antonelli, M., Barbieri, G., & Donelli, D. (2019). Effects of forest bathing (shinrin-yoku) on levels of cortisol as a stress biomarker: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Biometeorology, 63(8), 1117–1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01717-x
- Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06400.x
- Han, K. T. (2017). The effect of nature and physical activity on emotions and attention while engaging in green exercise. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 24, 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.03.012
- Korpela, K., Borodulin, K., Neuvonen, M., Paronen, O., & Tyrväinen, L. (2014). Analyzing the mediators between nature-based outdoor recreation and emotional well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 37, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.11.003
- Thompson Coon, J., Boddy, K., Stein, K., Whear, R., Barton, J., & Depledge, M. H. (2011). Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(5), 1761–1772. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102947t
- White, M. P., Alcock, I., Grellier, J., Wheeler, B. W., Hartig, T., Warber, S. L., Bone, A., Depledge, M. H., & Fleming, L. E. (2019). Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3
References
Antonelli, M., Barbieri, G., & Donelli, D. (2019). Effects of forest bathing (shinrin-yoku) on levels of cortisol as a stress biomarker: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Biometeorology, 63(8), 1117–1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01717-x
Beedie, P., & Hudson, S. (2003). Emergence of mountain-based adventure tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 625–643. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(03)00043-4
Blazer, D. G. (2017). Depression in Late Life: Review and Commentary. Psychology of Aging, 58(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315245706-40
Bowling, A. (2009). The Psychometric Properties of the Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire, Compared with the CASP-19 and the WHOQOL-OLD. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2009, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/298950
Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06400.x
Coalter, F., Dimeo, P., Morrow, S., & Taylor, J. (2010). The Benefits Of Mountaineering And Mountaineering Related Activities: A Review Of Literature A Report to the Mountaineering Council of Scotland. June.
Crust, L., Swann, C., & Allen-Collinson, J. (2019). Mentally tough behavior in extreme environments: perceptions of elite high-altitude mountaineers. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(3), 334–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2018.1494622
Fiske, A., Wetherell, J. L., & Gatz, M. (2009). Depression in older adults. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 363–389. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153621
Forsman, A. K., Nordmyr, J., & Wahlbeck, K. (2011). Psychosocial interventions for the promotion of mental health and the prevention of depression among older adults. Health Promotion International, 26(SUPPL. 1), 85–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dar074
Gabriel, Z., & Bowling, A. (2004). Quality of life from the perspectives of older people. Ageing and Society, 24(5), 675–691. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X03001582
Han, K. T. (2017). The effect of nature and physical activity on emotions and attention while engaging in green exercise. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 24, 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.03.012
Huber, D., Freidl, J., Pichler, C., Bischof, M., Kiem, M., Weisböck-Erdheim, R., Squarra, G., De Nigris, V., Resnyak, S., Neberich, M., Bordin, S., Zechner, R., & Hartl, A. (2023). Long-Term Effects of Mountain Hiking vs. Forest Therapy on Physical and Mental Health of Couples: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021469
Korpela, K., Borodulin, K., Neuvonen, M., Paronen, O., & Tyrväinen, L. (2014). Analyzing the mediators between nature-based outdoor recreation and emotional well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 37, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.11.003
Lee, S. A., Manthiou, A., Chiang, L., & Tang, L. R. (2018). An assessment of value dimensions in hiking tourism: Pathways toward quality of life. International Journal of Tourism Research, 20(2), 236–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2176
Levasseur, M., Desrosiers, J., & Noreau, L. (2004). Is social participation associated with the quality of life of older adults with physical disabilities? Disability and Rehabilitation, 26(20), 1206–1213. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280412331270371
Nourshahi, M., Abdoli, B., Rahmani, H., & Zahedi, H. (2011). Effects of Mountaineering on Physical Fitness and Quality of Life in Aged People. January.
Pratiwi, S. A., & Medyawati, H. (2020). Design of Supporting Application for Deciding the Best Mountain Climbing ‘Hiking-Yuk!’ International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research, 7(2), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i2.2020.510
Prossegger, J., Huber, D., Grafetstätter, C., Pichler, C., Weisböck-Erdheim, R., Iglseder, B., Wewerka, G., & Hartl, A. (2019). Effects of moderate mountain hiking and balneotherapy on community-dwelling older people: A randomized controlled trial. Experimental Gerontology, 122(April), 74–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.04.006
Rahaju Ningtyas, Nurhikmah Paddiyatu, Zani, B. N., Herawati, & Sakati, S. N. (2023). The Impact of Nature Exposure on Mental Health and Well-Being. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 1(08), 543–550. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v1i08.173
Thompson Coon, J., Boddy, K., Stein, K., Whear, R., Barton, J., & Depledge, M. H. (2011). Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(5), 1761–1772. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102947t
White, M. P., Alcock, I., Grellier, J., Wheeler, B. W., Hartig, T., Warber, S. L., Bone, A., Depledge, M. H., & Fleming, L. E. (2019). Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3
Antonelli, M., Barbieri, G., & Donelli, D. (2019). Effects of forest bathing (shinrin-yoku) on levels of cortisol as a stress biomarker: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Biometeorology, 63(8), 1117–1134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01717-x
Bratman, G. N., Hamilton, J. P., & Daily, G. C. (2012). The impacts of nature experience on human cognitive function and mental health. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1249(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06400.x
Han, K. T. (2017). The effect of nature and physical activity on emotions and attention while engaging in green exercise. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 24, 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.03.012
Korpela, K., Borodulin, K., Neuvonen, M., Paronen, O., & Tyrväinen, L. (2014). Analyzing the mediators between nature-based outdoor recreation and emotional well-being. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 37, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.11.003
Thompson Coon, J., Boddy, K., Stein, K., Whear, R., Barton, J., & Depledge, M. H. (2011). Does participating in physical activity in outdoor natural environments have a greater effect on physical and mental wellbeing than physical activity indoors? A systematic review. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(5), 1761–1772. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102947t
White, M. P., Alcock, I., Grellier, J., Wheeler, B. W., Hartig, T., Warber, S. L., Bone, A., Depledge, M. H., & Fleming, L. E. (2019). Spending at least 120 minutes a week in nature is associated with good health and wellbeing. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44097-3