Main Article Content
Abstract
The ASEAN Paragames Cambodia 2023 was attended by 268 Indonesian paralympic athletes, the largest number compared to the Tokyo 2020 International Paralympic Games with 23 Indonesian paralympic athletes. Paralympic athletes have a higher prevalence of injuries compared to Olympic athletes. Injuries in paralympic sports vary due to the large percentage of disability. However, there is no literature that specifically describes the frequency and percentage of sports injuries in the categories and areas of sports injuries in the region and physiotherapy services in Indonesian paralympic athletes. The method used was a retrospective descriptive epidemiological study with a cross-sectional approach. This method aims to determine the frequency and percentage of sports injuries in sports categories and affected anatomical areas and types of physiotherapy services in a population at one time without making comparisons or connecting between variables. The sports category of Indonesian Paralympic athletes with the highest number and percentage of injuries was Para Athletics (n=57.35.2%). In the category of the area anatomically affected by the injury, the highest number and percentage was the leg (n=36.22.2%). Physiotherapy services provided to paraathletes with the highest number and percentage was stretching (n=77.19.2%). The high frequency of sports injuries in paralympic athletes indicates that more prevention needs to be done in the future, injuries that occur in paralympic athletes can aggravate existing disabilities and can even interfere with the athlete's ability to carry out daily activities, therefore physiotherapy services are needed to support the handling of injuries in paralympic athletes during competition.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Adinda Afifah Saharudin, Suryo Saputra Perdana, Retno Setianing, Nur Agung Martopo, Muhammad Tasa Kasumbung, Muhammad Dwiky Anggara, Mega Tia Nurfaiza

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References
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- Lynch, T. S., Bedi, A., & Larson, C. M. (2017). Athletic hip injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 25(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00171
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- Schroeder, A. N., Tenforde, A. S., & Jelsing, E. J. (2021). Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Management of Sports Medicine Injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 20(6), 298–305. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000851
- Silva, A., Vital, R., & de Mello, M. T. (2016). Atuação da fisioterapia no esporte paralímpico. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 22(2), 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220162202154214
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References
Andrýsková, A., & Lee, J. H. (2020). The guidelines for application of kinesiology tape for prevention and treatment of sports injuries. Healthcare (Switzerland), 8(2), 10–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020144
Arntz, F., Markov, A., Behm, D. G., Behrens, M., Negra, Y., Nakamura, M., Moran, J., & Chaabene, H. (2023). Chronic Effects of Static Stretching Exercises on Muscle Strength and Power in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Multi-level Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 53(3), 723–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01806-9
Asean Para Sports Federation. (2023). Indonesia Assured of 2023 Games Crown.
Avery, D. M., Rodner, C. M., & Edgar, C. M. (2016). Sports-related wrist and hand injuries: A review. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 11(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-016-0432-8
Balasubramaniam, A., Gandhi, M. V., Kumar, P. R. K., Vasanthi, R. K., & Purushothaman, V. K. (2022). Myofascial Release Therapy versus Muscle Energy Technique on Hamstring Flexibility in Physically Inactive Students – A Randomized Controlled Trial. Universal Journal of Public Health, 10(4), 299–303. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujph.2022.100403
Caudel, L., Cugy, E., Delpouve, C., Druvert, J., Ferring, V., Dominique, H., & Rusakiewicz, F. (2018). Epidemiology of para-athletic injuries: A cohort study. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 61, e74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.159
Edouard, P., Navarro, L., Branco, P., Gremeaux, V., Timpka, T., & Junge, A. (2020). Injury frequency and characteristics (location, type, cause and severity) differed significantly among athletics (' track and field’) disciplines during 14 international championships (2007-2018): Implications for medical service planning. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(3), 159–167. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2019-100717
Enoki, S., Nagao, M., Ishimatsu, S., Shimizu, T., & Kuramochi, R. (2021). Injuries in Collegiate Track and Field Jumping: A 2-Year Prospective Surveillance Study. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 9(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967120973397
Fagher, K., Dahlström, Ö., Jacobsson, J., Timpka, T., & Lexell, J. (2020). Prevalence of Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Athletes. PM and R, 12(3), 271–280. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12211
Ferreira, R. M., Silva, R., Vigário, P., Martins, P. N., Casanova, F., Fernandes, R. J., & Sampaio, A. R. (2023). The Effects of Massage Guns on Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 8(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8030138
Gilani, H. S. A., Bashir, M. I., Gillani, S. M. B., & Bashir, M. S. (2020). Comparative Study of Ketoprofen and Ethyl Chloride With Two Different Steroids for Management of Pain in Injury of Athletes. Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences (AJAHS), April, 8–11. https://doi.org/10.52229/ajahs.v2i1.283
Hanief, Y. N., Widiawati, P., Supriatna, Abdullah, A., & Sumartiningsih, S. (2021). Injury characteristics of indonesian paraathletes prior to tokyo olympics 2020: A cross-sectional study. Revista Pesquisa Em Fisioterapia, 11(4), 679–690. https://doi.org/10.17267/2238-2704rpf.v11i4.4065
Hoppe, M. W., Brochhagen, J., Tischer, T., Beitzel, K., Seil, R., & Grim, C. (2022). Risk factors and prevention strategies for shoulder injuries in overhead sports: an updated systematic review. Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40634-022-00493-9
Huang, M., & Zheng, Y. (2022). Knee Joint Injuries in Young Basketball Players. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 28(6). https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228062022_0058
Liaghat, B., Pedersen, J. R., Husted, R. S., Pedersen, L. L., Thorborg, K., & Juhl, C. B. (2023). Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common shoulder injuries in sport: Grading the evidence - A statement paper commissioned by the Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF). British Journal of Sports Medicine, 57(7). https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-105674
Liu, K., Yin, L., Ma, Z., Yu, B., Ma, Y., & Huang, L. (2020). Effect of Different Kinesio Taping Interventions on the Local Thresholds of Current Perception and Pressure Pain in Healthy Adults. Frontiers in Physiology, 11(November), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.596159
Lombardi, G., Ziemann, E., & Banfi, G. (2017). Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes: From therapy to stimulation. An updated review of the literature. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00258
Lynch, T. S., Bedi, A., & Larson, C. M. (2017). Athletic hip injuries. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 25(4), 269–279. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00171
Pinheiro, L. S. P., Ocarino, J. M., Madaleno, F. O., Verhagen, E., De Mello, M. T., Albuquerque, M. R., Andrade, A. G. P., Da Mata, C. P., Pinto, R. Z., Silva, A., & Resende, R. A. (2021). Prevalence and incidence of injuries in para athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis and GRADE recommendations. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(23), 1357–1365. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102823
Rini, R. G. M., & Purnomo, E. (2021). The differences response of massage types with variation massage pressure on running speed in POPDA Sleman athletics. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(2), 193–201. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i2.35808
Schroeder, A. N., Tenforde, A. S., & Jelsing, E. J. (2021). Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in the Management of Sports Medicine Injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 20(6), 298–305. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000851
Silva, A., Vital, R., & de Mello, M. T. (2016). Atuação da fisioterapia no esporte paralímpico. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 22(2), 157–161. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220162202154214
Vitasari, L., Perdana, S. S., & Azizah, A. N. (2023). Incidence of Paralympic Sports Injuries in Para Athletes: Systematic Review (Vol. 1). Atlantis Press International BV. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-184-5_35
Warneke, K., Konrad, A., & Wilke, J. (2024). The knowledge of movement experts about stretching effects: Does the science reach practice? PLoS ONE, 19(1 January), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295571
Young, W. K., Briner, W., & Dines, D. M. (2023). Epidemiology of Common Injuries in the Volleyball Athlete. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine, 16(6), 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12178-023-09826-2